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H9 lymphoma cells were washed and resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline. The cells were then incubated with human recombinant TNF-α (100 ng/ml) (R&D Systems) for 1 hour at 4°C with rotation. Cells were then treated with a 2 mM solution of the cross-linker DTSSP (Pierce) for 30 min, and the reaction was quenched with 20 mM tris-Cl (pH 7.5) for 15 min on ice. The cells were lysed in 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM tris-Cl (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 30 mM NaF, 2 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 1 mM sodium orthovanadate with protease inhibitors added (Boehringer-Mannheim). Equal amounts of the lysates were subjected to electrophoresis under nonreducing (without β-mercaptoethanol) or reducing (with 280 mM β-mercaptoethanol) conditions and were analyzed for p60 and p80 complexes with specific anti-bodies (Santa Cruz). Densitometry was performed with a Kodak Image Station 440. Results shown are representative of three independent experiments.
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23
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0342497592
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note
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Western blot analysis confirmed the absence of TNF-α in the lysates. Immunoprecipitation of the cross-linked complexes with antibody to p60 revealed no detectable level of p80 in the p60 complex in Western blots.
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26
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0343367133
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note
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2-terminus of the receptors. The PCR product was digested with Bam HI and Eco RI and cloned into pcDNA3. The PCR fragments containing the receptor fragments were then introduced into this plasmid using the Eco RI and Xho I sites. For the GFP/CFP/YFP chimeras, the fragments were amplified by PCR and introduced in-frame into the Xho I and Xba I sites of p60ΔCD-HA. 293T cells were transfected with Fugene 6 (Boehringer-Mannheim) as per the manufacturer's protocol. Cells were lysed in 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM tris-Cl (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 30 mM NaF, 2 mM β-glycerophosphate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 5 mM iodoacetamide, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1% Triton X-100, and protease inhibitors (Boehringer-Mannheim). After preclearing with protein G agarose beads (Boehringer-Mannheim) and normal mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG), proteins were immunoprecipitated from the lysates with 2 μg of anti-GFP and protein G agarose beads. Immune complexes were washed twice with lysis buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl and then three times with regular lysis buffer. Immune complexes were resolved on Tris/Glycine gels (Novex, San Diego, CA). Results shown are representative of five independent experiments. Transfection in Jurkat cells showed similar results.
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Mutagenesis was performed with the Quikchange method (Stratagene) as per the manufacturer's instructions. The mutations were confirmed by DNA sequencing.
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34
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note
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Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, Ile; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q, Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; and Y, Tyr.
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note
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Receptor expression was monitored by staining with monoclonal antibodies to HA and p80 (clone MAB226, R&D Systems). TNF-α binding was determined with biotinylated TNF-α (NEN Life Sciences) and a secondary fluorescein-conjugated streptavidin label. Samples were analyzed on a FACScan flow cytometer. Results shown are representative of at least five experiments.
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55
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0343802791
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Fifteen micrograms of the corresponding plasmids were transfected into p80 Jurkat cells (22) by electroporation using a BTX Electro Cell Manipulator 600. After 9 to 24 hours, cells were stimulated with the indicated amount of TNF-α for 12 to 16 hours. Cells were then stained for HA expression and propidium iodide uptake. The number of HA-positive cells was scored under constant time, and percent inhibition of apoptosis was calculated by normalizing to the percentage of cell death induced in the HveAΔCD-HA-transfected samples. Results are representative of three experiments.
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56
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0343367121
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We thank P. Scheurich, P. Spear, A. Winoto, and J. Woronicz for providing us with antibodies and plasmids; L. D'Adamio, R. Germain, W. Leonard, D. Levens, H. Metzger, J. O'Shea, W. Paul, and T. Waldmann for critical reading of the manuscript; K. Holmes, R. Swofford, and D. Stephany for help with the fluorescence energy transfer studies; M. Boguski for bioinformatics assistance; and the members of the Lenardo lab for discussion. F.K.-M.C. is supported by a Cancer Research Institute/Miriam and Benedict Wolf fellowship. H.J.C. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute/National Institutes of Health research scholar.
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