Are high levels of oestradiol after implants associated with features of dependence?

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Volumn 106, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 960-963

  O'leary A ^a   Bowen Simpkins, P ^a   Tejura, H ^b   Rajesh, U ^c  

^a SINGLETON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b ALBERT EINSTEIN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c University Hospital of Hartlepool   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG IMPLANT; ESTRADIOL BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; GENERAL HOSPITAL; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE;

ADULT; DRUG IMPLANTS; ESTRADIOL; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; MOOD DISORDERS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 0032833798     PISSN: 14700328     EISSN: 14710528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08437.x     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Andrews MC. Primary care for post reproductive women: further thoughts concerning steroid replacement. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 963-969.
2. Bishop PMF. A clinical experiment in oestrin therapy. BMJ 1938; 1: 939.
3. Cardozo L, Gibb DM, Tuck SM et al. The effects of subcutaneous implants during climacteric. Maturitas 1984; 5: 177-184.
4. Ryde SJS, Bowen-Simpkins K, Bowen-Simpkins P et al. The effect of oestradiol implants on regional and total bone mass: a three-year longitudinal study. Clin Endocrinol 1994; 40: 33-38.
5. Savvos M, Studd JWW, Fogelman I et al. Skeletal effects of oral oestrogen compared with subcutaneous oestrogen and testosterone in postmenopausal women. BMJ 1988; 297: 331-333.
6. Anderson CH, Raju SK, Forsling ML et al. Oestrogen replacement after oophorectomy: comparison of patches and implants. BMJ 1992; 305: 90-101.
7. Gangor K, Cust M, Whitehead MJ. Symptoms of oestrogen deficiency associated with supraphysiological plasma oestradiol implants. BMJ 1989; 299: 601-602.
8. Garnett TH, Studd JWW, Henderson A et al. Hormone implants and tachyphylaxis. Br J Obstet Gynaeol 1990; 97: 917-921.
9. Studd J, Garnett TH. Hormone implants and tachyphylaxis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 98: 502-503.
10. Bewley S, Bewley T. Drug dependence with oestrogen replacement therapy. Lancet 1992; 339: 29-291.
11. Bewley S, Granleese J. Women on repeated hormone replacement implants: features of drug dependence 27th, British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dublin July 4-7 1995:, Abstract No. 332.
12. Pearce J, Hawton K, Blake F. Psychological and sexual symptoms associated with the menopause and the effects of hormone replacement therapy. Br J Psych 1995; 167: 163-173.
13. Ditkoff EC, Crary WG, Cristo M et al. Oestrogen improves psychological functioning in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 78: 991-995.
14. Hay AG, Bancroft J, Johnstone EC. Affective symptoms in women attending a menopause clinic. Br J Psych 1994; 164: 513-516.
15. Browser KJ, Blow FC, Young JP et al. Symptoms and correlates of anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence. Br J Addiction 1991; 86: 759-768.
16. Fink G, Sumner BEH. Oestrogen and mental state. Nature 1996; 383: 306.
17. Hershel I., Derby IE, Myers MW et al. Risk of hospital admissions for idiopathic venous thrombo-embolism among post-menopausal oestrogen users. Lancet 1996; 348: 981-983.
18. Gutthann SP, Rodriguez LA, Castellsague J, et al. HRT and risk of venous thrombo-embolism. Population based case control study. BMJ 1997; 314: 796-800.
19. Daly E., Vessey MP, Hawkins MM et al. Risk of venous thrombo-embolism in users of HRT. Lancet 1997; 348: 977-980.
20. Ganger KF, Fraser D, Whitehead MJ et al. Prolonged endometrial stimulation associated with oestradiol implants. BMJ 1990; 300: 436-438.
21. Studd JW, Sawas M, Watson NR et al. Monitoring oestradiol implantation. Lancet 1987; 2: 1404.
22. Evans, D. Tachyphylaxis and oestradiol implants. Med J Aust 1994; 161: 344.
23. Lindsay R, Hart, DM, Clark DM. The minimum effective dose of oestrogen for the prevention of post-menopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol 1984; 63: 759.