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Place conditioning was performed in boxes formed by two gray Plexiglas chambers (15 X 15 X 20 cm) connected by an alley (15 X 5 X 20 cm) that had two openings (4 X 4 cm), one per chamber, which could be dosed by sliding doors. In each chamber two triangular parallalepipeds (5 X 5 X 20 cm) made of black Plexiglas and arranged to form different patterns (always covering the same surface of the chamber) were used as conditioned stimuli. On day 1 (pretest), one mouse was introduced in the central alley of each place conditioning box. Thirty seconds later, the sliding doors were removed and the mouse was left to explore the entire box for 15 min. During the following 8 days (conditioning), mice were confined daily (for 40 min) alternately in one of the two chambers. In each experimental group, half of the animals were first exposed to one of the patterns and half to the other pattern. For each animal, over the 8 days, one of the patterns was consistently paired with saline and the other one with amphetamine. Mice received injections immediately before being placed in the chambers. Testing was conducted on day 10. Animals did not receive any injection and, as in the pretest, were placed in the central alley of the experimental boxes for 30 s and then left to explore the boxes for 15 min. Test sessions were videotaped and later on an experienced observer, unaware of the treatment conditions, recorded the time spent (seconds) in the different compartments. Place-preference scores were calculated as: [(the amount of time spent in the drug-paired compartment)/(amount of time spent in both compartments)] x 100. These place conditioning procedures have been described in detail and validated elsewhere (16).
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This work was supported by INSERM, CNR, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (MURST), and University of Bordeaux II. The authors wish to thank M. Marinelli and C. Brandon for helpful comments.
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