Involvement of Sp1 in the transcriptional regulation of the rat insulin- like growth factor-1 gene

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Volumn 164, Issue 1-2, 2000, Pages 205-218

  Zhu, J L ^a   Kaytor, E N ^a   Pao, C I ^a   Meng, X P ^a   Phillips, L S ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

IGF I; Sp1; Transcription

Indexed keywords

SOMATOMEDIN C; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SP1;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CHO CELL; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; CHO CELLS; CRICETINAE; EXONS; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); RATS; SP1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS);

EID: 0034691001     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00207-0     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Adamo M., Ben-Hur H., Roberts C.T. Jr, LeRoith D. Regulation of start site usage in the leader exons of the rat insulin-like growth factor-I gene by development, fasting and diabetes. Mol. Endocrinol. 5:1991;1677-1686.
2. Adamo M.L., Ben-Hur H., LeRoith D., Roberts C.T. Jr Transcription initiation in the two leader exons of the rat IGF-I gene occurs from disperse versus localized sites. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176:1991;887-893.
3. An M.R., Lowe W.L. Jr The major promoter of the rat insulin-like growth factor-I gene binds a protein complex that is required for basal expression. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 114:1995;77-89.
4. Anderson K.P., Kern C.B., Crable S.C., Lingrel J.B. Isolation of a gene encoding a functional zinc finger protein homologous to erythroid Krüppel-like factor: Identification of a new multigene family. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;5957-5965.
5. Baeuerle P.A., Baltimore D. NF-κB: Ten years after: Meeting Review. Cell. 87:1996;13-20.
6. Baserga R. The insulin-like growth factor I receptor: A key to tumor growth? Cancer Res. 55:1995;249-252.
7. Beitner-Johnson D., Werner H., Roberts C.T. Jr, LeRoith D. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene expression by Sp1: Physical and functional interactions of Sp1 at GC boxes and at a CT element. Mol. Endocrinol. 9:1995;1147-1156.
8. Bigger C.B., Melnikova I.N., Gardner P.D. Sp1 and Sp3 regulate expression of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β4 subunit gene. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;25976-25982.
9. Birnbaum M.J., vanWijnen A.J., Odgren P.R., Last T.J., Suske G., Stein G.S., Stein J.L. Sp1 trans-activation of cell cycle regulated promoters is selectively repressed by Sp3. Biochemistry. 34:1995;16503-16508.
10. Blundell T.L., Bedarkar S., Humbel R.E. Tertiary structures, receptor binding, and antigenicity of insulin like growth factors. Fed. Proc. 42:1983;2592-2597.
11. Briggs M.R., Kadonaga J.T., Bell S.P., Tjian R. Purification and biochemical characterization of the promoter-specific transcription factor, Sp1. Science. 234:1986;47-52.
12. Chen L.I., Nishinaka T., Kwan K., Kitabayashi I., Yokoyama K., Fu Y.-H.F., Grünwald S., Chiu R. The retinoblastoma gene product Rb stimulates Sp1-mediated transcription by liberating Sp1 from a negative regulator. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;4380-4389.
13. Cohen H.T., Bossone S.A., Zhu G., McDonald G.A., Sukhatme V.P. Sp1 is a critical regulator of the Wilms' tumor-1 Gene. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;2901-2913.
14. Colgan J., Manley J.L. Cooperation between core promoter elements influences transcriptional activity in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;1955-1959.
15. Conn K.J., Rich C.B., Jensen D.E., Fontanilla M.R., Bashir M.M., Rosenbloom J., Foster J.A. Insulin-like growth factor-I regulates transcription of the elastin gene through a putative retinoblastoma control element. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;28853-28860.
16. Courey A.J., Tjian R. Analysis of Sp1 in vivo reveals multiple transcriptional domains, including a novel glutamine-rich activation motif. Cell. 55:1988;887-898.
17. Daniel S., Kim K.H. Sp1 mediates glucose activation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;1385-1392.
18. Daughaday W.H. A personal history of the origin of the somatomedin hypothesis and recent challenges to its validity. Perspect. Biol. Med. 32:1989;194-211.
19. De Luca P., Majello B., Lania L. Sp3 represses transcription when tethered to promoter DNA or targeted to promoter proximal RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;8533-8536.
20. Dennig J., Hagen G., Beato M., Suske G. Members of the Sp transcription factor family control transcription from the uteroglobin promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;12737-12744.
21. DeSimone V., Cortese R. Transcriptional regulation of liver-specific gene expression. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 3:1991;960-965.
22. II110 component of the Drosophila TFIID complex and mediates transcriptional activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;192-196.
23. Gunter M., Frebourg T., Laither M., Fossar N., Bouziane-Ouartini M., Lavialle C., Brison O. An Sp1 binding site and the minimal promoter contribute to overexpression of the cytokeratin 18 gene in tumorigenic clones relative to that in nontumorigenic clones of a human carcinoma cell line. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;2490-2499.
24. Hagen G., Müller S., Beato M., Suske G. Cloning by recognition site screening of two novel GT box binding proteins: a family of Sp1 related genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:1992;5519-5525.
25. Hagen G., Müller B., Suske G. Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation is repressed by Sp3. EMBO J. 13:1994;3843-3851.
26. Hall L.J., Kajimoto Y., Bichell D., Kim S.-W., James P.L., Counts D., Nixon L.J., Tobin G., Rotwein P. Functional analysis of the rat insulin-like growth factor I gene and identification of an IGF-I gene promoter. DNA Cell Biol. 11:1992;301-313.
27. Huang S., Thulé P.M., Phillips L.S. Identification of novel promoter and repressor elements in the 5′-flanking regions of the rat insulin-like growth factor-I gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206:1995;279-286.
28. Ihn H., Trojanowska M. Sp3 is a transcriptional activator of the human α2(1) collagen gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1997;3712-3717.
29. Imataka H., Sogawa K., Yasumoto K., Kikuchi Y., Sasano K., Kobayashi A., Hayami M., Fujii-Kuriyama Y. Two regulatory proteins that bind to the basic transcription element (BTE), a GC box sequence in the promoter region of the rat P-4501A1 gene. EMBO J. 11:1992;3663-3671.
30. Jones K.A., Yamamoto K.R., Tjian R. Two distinct transcription factors bind to the HSV thymidine kinase promoter in vitro. Cell. 42:1995;559-572.
31. Kadonaga J.T., Jones K.A., Tjian R. Promoter-specific activation of RNA polymerase II transcription by Sp1. Trends Biochem. Sci. 11:1986;20-23.
32. Kadonaga J.T., Carner K.R., Masiarz F.R., Tjian R. Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain. Cell. 51:1987;1079-1090.
33. Karlseder J., Rotheneder H., Wintersberger E. Interaction of Sp1 with the growth- and cell cycle-regulated transcription factor E2F. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;1659-1667.
34. Karlsson O., Thor S., Norberg T., Ohlsson H., Edlund T. Insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1 is a member of a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys-His domain. Nature. 344:1990;879-882.
35. 1-adrenergic induction of the skeletal α-actin promoter during cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;410-417.
36. Kikuchi K., Buonomo F.C., Kajimoto Y., Rotwein P. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I during chicken development. Endocrinology. 128:1991;1323-1328.
37. Kim S.-W., Lajara R., Rotwein P. Structure and function of a human insulin-like growth factor-I gene promoter. Mol. Endocrinol. 5:1991;1964-1972.
38. Kingsley C., Winoto A. Cloning of GT box-binding proteins: A novel Sp1 multigene family regulating T-cell receptor gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:1992;4251-4261.
39. Knudsen E.S., Wang J.Y.J. Differential regulation of retinoblastoma protein function by specific Cdk phosphorylation sites. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;8313-8320.
40. Kojima S., Kobayashi A., Gotoh O., Ohkuma Y., Fujii-Kuriyama Y., Sogawa K. Transcriptional activation domain of human BTEB2, a GC box-binding factor. J. Biochem. 121:1997;389-396.
41. Krishna A.Y., Pao C.-I., Thule P.M., Villafuerte B.C., Phillips L.S. Transcription initiation of the insulin-like growth factor-I gene in hepatocyte primary culture. J. Endocrinol. 151:1996;215-223.
42. Kulik V.P., Kavsan V.M., van Schaik F.M.A., Nolten L.A., Steenbergh P.H., Sussenbach J.S. The promoter of the salmon insulin-like growth factor I gene is activated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;1068-1073.
43. Kuo C.J., Conley P.B., Chen L., Sladek F.M., Darnell J.E. Jr, Crabtree G.R. A transcriptional hierarchy involved in mammalian cell-type specification. Nature. 355:1991;457-461.
44. Kutoh E., Schwander J. Sp1 interacts with the consensus sequence for EGR-1 gene product with a cellular factor(s) and activates the transcription through this element. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:1993;1475-1482.
45. Kurabayashi M., Dutta S., Kedes L. Serum-inducible factors binding to an activating transcription factor motif regulate transcription of the Id2A promoter during myogenic differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;31162-31170.
46. Leggett R.W., Armstrong S.A., Barry D., Mueller C.R. Sp1 is phosphorylated and its DNA binding activity down-regulated upon terminal differentiation of the liver. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;25879-25884.
47. Li R., Hodny Z., Luciakova K., Barath P., Nelson D. Sp1 activates and inhibits transcription from separate elements in the proximal promoter of the human adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) gene. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;18925-18930.
48. Liang Y.X., Robinson D.F., Dennig J., Suske G., Fahl W.E. Transcriptional regulation of the SIS/PDGF-B gene in human osteosarcoma cells by the Sp family of transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;11792-11797.
49. Lowe W.L. Jr, Roberts C.T. Jr, Lasky S.R., LeRoith D. Differential expression of alternative 5′ untranslated regions in mRNAs encoding rat insulin-like growth factor I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:1987;8946-8950.
50. Lowe W.L. Jr, Lasky S.R., LeRoith D., Roberts C.T. Jr Distribution and regulation of rat insulin-like growth factor 1 messenger ribonucleic acids encoding alternative carboxyterminal E-peptides: evidence for differential processing and regulation in liver. Mol. Endocrinol. 2:1988;528-534.
51. Lowe W.L. Jr, Teasdale R.M. Characterization of a rat insulin-like growth factor I gene promoter. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189:1992;972-978.
52. Lund P.K., Hepler J.E., Hoyt E.C., Simmons J.G. Physiological relevance of IGF-I mRNA heterogeneity. Spencer E.M. Modern Concepts of Insulin-Like Growth Factors. 1991;111-120 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
53. Majello B., De Luca P., Hagen G., Suske G., Lania L. Different members of the Sp1 multigene family exert opposite transcriptional regulation of the long terminal repeat of HIV-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1994;4914-4921.
54. Majello B., De Luca P., Suske G., Lania L. Differential transcriptional regulation of c-myc promoter through the same DNA binding sites targeted by Sp1-like proteins. Oncogene. 10:1995;1841-1848.
55. Majello B., DeLuca P., Lania L. Sp3 is a bifunctional transcription regulator with modular independent activation and repression domains. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;4021-4026.
56. Masuda E.S., Yamaguchi-Iwai Y., Tsuboi A., Hung P., Arai K.-I., Arai N. The transcription factor Sp1 is required for induction of the murine GM-CSF promoter in T cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:1994;1518-1525.
57. Merika M., Orkin S.H. Functional synergy and physical interactions of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 with the Krüppel family proteins Sp1 and EKLF. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;2437-2447.
58. Miller I.J., Bieker J.J. A novel, erythroid cell-specific murine transcription factor that binds to the CACCC element and is related to the Kruppel family of nuclear proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1993;2776-2786.
59. Miltenberger R.J., Farnham P.J., Smith D.E., Stommel J.M., Cornwell M.M. v-RAF activates transcription of growth-responsive promoters via GC-rich sequences that bind the transcription factor Sp1. Cell Growth Differ. 6:1995;549-556.
60. Muller S., Sideras P., Smith C.E., Xanthopoulos K.G. Cell specific expression of human Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase gene (Btk) is regulated by Sp1- and Spi-1/PU.1-family members. Oncogene. 13:1996;1955-1964.
61. Murata Y., Kim H.G., Rogers K.T., Udvadia A.J., Horowitz J.M. Negative regulation of Sp1 trans-activation is correlated with the binding of cellular proteins to the amino terminus of the Sp1 trans-activation domain. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;20674-20681.
62. Netzker R., Weigert C., Brand K. Role of the stimulatory proteins Sp1 and Sp3 in the regulation of transcription of the rat pyruvate kinase M gene. Eur. J. Biochem. 245:1997;174-181.
63. Nolten L.A., van Schaik F.M.A., Steenbergh P.H., Sussenbach J.S. Expression of the insulin-like growth factor I gene is stimulated by the liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBPα and LAP. Mol. Endocrinol. 8:1994;1636-1645.
64. Nolten L.A., Steenbergh P.H., Sussenbach J.S. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha activates promoter 1 of the human insulin-like growth factor I gene via two distinct binding sites. Mol. Endocrinol. 9:1995;1488-1499.
65. Nolten L.A., Steenbergh P.H., Sussenbach J.S. The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 beta stimulates the transcription of the human insulin-like growth factor I gene in a direct and indirect manner. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;31846-31854.
66. Noti J.D. Sp3 mediates transcriptional activation of the leukocyte integrin genes CD11C and CD11B and cooperates with c-Jun to activate CD11C. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;24038-24045.
67. Pagliuca A., Cannada-Bartoli P., Lania L. A role for Sp and Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors in the regulation of the human Id4 gene promoter activity. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;7668-7674.
68. Pao C.-I., Zhu J.-L., Robertson D.G., Lin K.W.M., Farmer P.K., Begovic S., Wu G.-J., Phillips L.S. Transcriptional regulation of the rat insulin-like growth factor-I gene involves metabolism-dependent binding of nuclear proteins to a downstream region. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;24917-24923.
69. Pao C.-I., Lin K.W.M., Zhu J.L., Wu G.J., Farmer P.K., Phillips L.S. In vitro transcription of the rat insulin-like growth factor-I gene. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;8667-8674.
70. Pell J.M., Saunders J.C., Gilmour R.S. Differential regulation of transcription initiation from insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) leader exons and of tissue IGF-I expression in response to changed growth hormone and nutritional status in sheep. Endocrinology. 132:1993;1797-1807.
71. Perkins N.D., Edwards N.L., Duckett C.S., Agranoff A.B., Schmid R.M., Nabel G.J. A cooperative interaction between NF-kB and Sp1 is required for HIV-1 enhancer activation. EMBO J. 12:1993;3551-3558.
72. Philipsen S., Suske G. A tale of three fingers: the family of mammalian Sp/XKLF transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res. 27:1999;2991-3000.
73. 2 actions in rat hepatocytes are mediated via different signalling pathways. Eur. J. Biochem. 218:1993;1083-1089.
74. Rohlff C., Ahmad S., Borellini F., Lei J., Glazer R. Modulation of transcription factor Sp1 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;21137-21141.
75. Rohr O., Aunis D., Schaeffer E. COUP-TF and Sp1 interact and cooperate in the transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in human microglial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;31149-31155.
76. Rotwein P. Mini-review: Structure, evolution, expression and regulation of insulin-like growth factors I and II. Growth Factors. 5:1991;3-18.
77. Saffer J.D., Jackson S.P., Annarella M.B. Developmental expression of Sp1 in the mouse. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:1991;2189-2199.
78. Salmon W.D. Jr, Daughaday W.H. A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilage in vitro. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 49:1957;825-836.
79. Sara V.R., Hall K., Lins P.E., Fryklund L. Serum levels of immunoreactive somatomedin A in the rat: Some developmental aspects. Endocrinology. 107:1980;622-625.
80. Schwander J., Hauri C., Zapf J., Froesch E. Synthesis and secretion of insulin-like growth factor and its binding protein by the perfused rat liver: dependence on growth hormone status. Endocrinology. 113:1983;297-305.
81. Shen W.J., Kim H.S., Tsai S.Y. Stimulation of human insulin receptor gene expression by retinoblastoma gene product. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;20525-20529.
82. Shimatsu A., Rotwein P. Mosaic evolution of the insulin-like growth factors. Organization, sequence, and expression of the rat insulin-like growth factor I gene. J. Biol. Chem. 262:1987;7894-7900.
83. Sjottem E., Anderssen S., Johnsen T. The promoter activity of long terminal repeats of the HERB-M family of human retrovirus-like elements is critically dependent on Sp1 family proteins interacting with a GC/GT box located immediately 3′ to the TATA box. J. Virol. 70:1996;188-198.
84. Sjögren K., Liu J.-L., Blad K., Skrtic S., Vidal O., Wallenius V., LeRoith D., Törnell J., Isaksson O.G.P., Jansson J.-O., Ohlsson C. Liver-derived insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) is the principal source of IGF-I in blood but is not required for postnatal body growth in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:1999;7088-7092.
85. Smith A.M., Klugman P. 'Megaprimer' method of PCR-based mutagenesis: The concentration of megaprimer is a critical factor. Biotechnique. 22:1997;438-442.
86. Sogawa K., Imataka H., Yamasaki Y., Kusume H., Abe H., Fujii-Kuriyama Y. cDNA cloning and transcriptional properties of a novel GC box-binding protein, BTEB2. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:1993;1527-1532.
87. Thiesen H.-J., Bach C. Target detection assay (TDA): a versatile procedure to determine DNA binding sites as demonstrated on SP1 protein. Nucl. Acids Res. 18:1990;3203-3209.
88. Thomas M.J., Kikuchi K., Bichell D.P., Rotwein P. Rapid activation of rat insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription by growth hormone reveals no alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid-protein interactions within the major promoter. Endocrinology. 135:1994;1584-1592.
89. Toonen R.F.G., Gowan S., Bingle C.D. The lung enriched transcription factor TTF-1 and the ubiquitously expressed proteins Sp1 and Sp3 interact with elements located in the minimal promoter of the rat Clara cell secretory protein gene. Biochem. J. 316:1996;467-473.
90. Tsai-Morris C.-H. Characterization of diverse functional elements in the upstream Sp1 domain of the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;7487-7494.
91. Udvadia A.J., Templeton D.J., Horowitz J.M. Functional interactions between the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and Sp-family members: Superactivation by Rb requires amino acids necessary for growth suppression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;3953-3957.
92. Umayahara Y., Ji C., Centrella M., Rotwein P., McCarthy T.L. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ activates insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription in osteoblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;31793-31800.
93. Umayahara Y., Billiard J.J.C., Centrella M., McCarthy T.L., Rotwein P. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ is a critical regulator of insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription in osteoblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;10609-10617.
94. Van Vliet G., Styne D.M., Kaplan S.L., Grumbach M.M. Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. XVI. Plasma immunoreactive somatomedin C/Insulin-like growth factor I in the fetal and neonatal lamb and in the pregnant ewe. Endocrinology. 113:1983;1716-1720.
95. Venepally P., Waterman M.R. Two Sp1-binding sites mediate cAMP-induced transcription of the Bovine CYP 11 A gene through the protein kinase a signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;25402-25410.
96. Wang X., Yang Y., Adamo M.L. Characterization of the rat insulin-like growth factor I gene promoters and identification of a minimal exon 2 promoter. Endocrinology. 138:1997;1528-1536.
97. Weinberg R.A. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell. 81:1995;323-330.
98. Werner H., Adamo M., Roberts C.T. Jr, LeRoith D. Molecular and cellular aspects of insulin-like growth factor action. Vitam. Horm. 48:1994;1-59.
99. Xing L., Gopal V.K., Quinn P.G. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) interacts with transcription factors IIB and IID. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;17488-17493.
100. 2-integrin expression in human mammary epithelial cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;6178-6189.
101. Young P.P., Mendelson C.R. A GT box element is essential for basal and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate regulation of the human surfactant protein A2 gene in alveolar Type II cells: Evidence for the binding of lung nuclear factors distinct from Sp1. Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1997;1082-1093.
102. Zhao L., Chang L.-S. The human POLD1 gene. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;4869-4882.
103. Zhu J.-L., Pao C.-I., Hunter E. Jr, Lin K.M., Wu G.-J., Phillips L.S. Identification of core sequences involved in metabolism-dependent nuclear protein binding to the rat insulin-like growth factor I gene. Endocrinology. 140:1999;4761-4771.