메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 2-3, 2000, Pages 109-116

The specificity of neurological signs in schizophrenia: A review

Author keywords

Mood disorder; Neurological; Review; Schizophrenia; Soft sign

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECTIVE NEUROSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR COORDINATION; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLEX; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0034674546     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0920-9964(99)00145-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0025335528 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular abnormalities in affective disorder: Clinical and demographic correlates
    • Andreasen N.C., Swayze V., Flaum M., Alliger R., Cohen G. Ventricular abnormalities in affective disorder: clinical and demographic correlates. Am. J. Psychiatry. 147:1990;893-900.
    • (1990) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 893-900
    • Andreasen, N.C.1    Swayze, V.2    Flaum, M.3    Alliger, R.4    Cohen, G.5
  • 2
    • 0024394858 scopus 로고
    • Neurological features, cognitive impairment and neuroleptic response in schizophrenic patients
    • Bartko G., Frecska E., Zador G., Herczeg I. Neurological features, cognitive impairment and neuroleptic response in schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 2:1989;311-313.
    • (1989) Schizophr. Res. , vol.2 , pp. 311-313
    • Bartko, G.1    Frecska, E.2    Zador, G.3    Herczeg, I.4
  • 3
    • 0038473354 scopus 로고
    • Patterns in perception on simultaneous tests of face and hand
    • Bender M.D., Fink M., Green M. Patterns in perception on simultaneous tests of face and hand. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry. 66:1951;355-362.
    • (1951) Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 355-362
    • Bender, M.D.1    Fink, M.2    Green, M.3
  • 4
    • 0037759357 scopus 로고
    • Arithmetic ability, finger-localization capacity and right-left discrimination in normal and defective children
    • Benton A.L., Hutcheon J., Seymour E. Arithmetic ability, finger-localization capacity and right-left discrimination in normal and defective children. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry. 21:1951;756-766.
    • (1951) Am. J. Orthopsychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 756-766
    • Benton, A.L.1    Hutcheon, J.2    Seymour, E.3
  • 5
    • 0030823484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Line drawing as a possible measure of lateralized motor performance in schizophrenia
    • Blyler C.R., Maher B.A., Manschreck T.C., Fenton W.S. Line drawing as a possible measure of lateralized motor performance in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 26:1997;15-23.
    • (1997) Schizophr. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 15-23
    • Blyler, C.R.1    Maher, B.A.2    Manschreck, T.C.3    Fenton, W.S.4
  • 6
    • 0028826082 scopus 로고
    • Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: Are they related to negative or positive symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and violence?
    • Braun C.M.J., Lapierre D., Hodgins S., Toupin J., Leveille S., Constantineau C. Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: Are they related to negative or positive symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and violence? Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 10:1995;489-509.
    • (1995) Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. , vol.10 , pp. 489-509
    • Braun, C.M.J.1    Lapierre, D.2    Hodgins, S.3    Toupin, J.4    Leveille, S.5    Constantineau, C.6
  • 7
    • 0024539028 scopus 로고
    • The Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES): A structured instrument for the assessment of neurological signs in schizophrenia
    • Buchanan R.W., Heinrichs D.W. The Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES): a structured instrument for the assessment of neurological signs in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 27:1989;335-350.
    • (1989) Psychiatry Res. , vol.27 , pp. 335-350
    • Buchanan, R.W.1    Heinrichs, D.W.2
  • 8
    • 0028258112 scopus 로고
    • A disturbance in the control of muscle force in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients
    • Caligiuri M.P., Lohr J.B. A disturbance in the control of muscle force in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry. 35:1994;104-111.
    • (1994) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 104-111
    • Caligiuri, M.P.1    Lohr, J.B.2
  • 9
    • 0028026616 scopus 로고
    • Are neurological abnormalities in well discordant monozygotic co-twins of schizophrenic subjects the result of perinatal trauma?
    • Cantor Graae E., McNeil T.F., Rickler K.C., Sjostrom K., Rawlings R., Higgins E.S., Hyde T.M. Are neurological abnormalities in well discordant monozygotic co-twins of schizophrenic subjects the result of perinatal trauma? Am. J. Psychiatry. 151:1994;1194-1199.
    • (1994) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1194-1199
    • Cantor Graae, E.1    McNeil, T.F.2    Rickler, K.C.3    Sjostrom, K.4    Rawlings, R.5    Higgins, E.S.6    Hyde, T.M.7
  • 11
    • 0009545956 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of violence in psychiatric inpatients
    • T.E. Moffitt, & S.A. Mednick. Amsterdam: Martinus Nijhoff
    • Convit A., Jaeger J., Lin S. Prediction of violence in psychiatric inpatients. Moffitt T.E., Mednick S.A. Biological Contributions to Crime Causation. 1988;Martinus Nijhoff, Amsterdam.
    • (1988) Biological Contributions to Crime Causation
    • Convit, A.1    Jaeger, J.2    Lin, S.3
  • 12
    • 0018417506 scopus 로고
    • Neurological soft signs and psychopathology. I. Findings in schizophrenia
    • Cox S.M., Ludwig A.M. Neurological soft signs and psychopathology. I. Findings in schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 167:1979;161-165.
    • (1979) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.167 , pp. 161-165
    • Cox, S.M.1    Ludwig, A.M.2
  • 13
    • 0018706737 scopus 로고
    • Neurological soft signs and psychopathology: Incidence in diagnostic groups
    • Cox S.M., Ludwig A.M. Neurological soft signs and psychopathology: incidence in diagnostic groups. Can. J. Psychiatry. 24:1979;668-673.
    • (1979) Can. J. Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 668-673
    • Cox, S.M.1    Ludwig, A.M.2
  • 14
    • 0014907862 scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic value of the palmomental reflex
    • Dalby M.A. The diagnostic value of the palmomental reflex. Acta Neurol. Scand. 46:1970;601-608.
    • (1970) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.46 , pp. 601-608
    • Dalby, M.A.1
  • 15
    • 0029886496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft signs and neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia
    • Flashman L.A., Flaum M., Gupta S., Andreasen N.C. Soft signs and neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 153:1996;526-532.
    • (1996) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 526-532
    • Flashman, L.A.1    Flaum, M.2    Gupta, S.3    Andreasen, N.C.4
  • 16
    • 0029198619 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia: A disconnection syndrome?
    • Friston K.J., Frith C.D. Schizophrenia: a disconnection syndrome? Clin. Neurosci. 3:1995;89-97.
    • (1995) Clin. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 89-97
    • Friston, K.J.1    Frith, C.D.2
  • 17
    • 0023157248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft sign neurological abnormalities in borderline personality disorder and normal control subjects
    • Gardner D., Lucas P.D., Cowdry R.W. Soft sign neurological abnormalities in borderline personality disorder and normal control subjects. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 175:1997;177-180.
    • (1997) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.175 , pp. 177-180
    • Gardner, D.1    Lucas, P.D.2    Cowdry, R.W.3
  • 18
    • 0031931372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological abnormalities in familial and sporadic schizophrenia
    • Part 2
    • Griffiths T.D., Sigmundsson T., Takei N., Rowe D., Murray R.M. Neurological abnormalities in familial and sporadic schizophrenia. Brain. 121:1998;191-203. Part 2.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 191-203
    • Griffiths, T.D.1    Sigmundsson, T.2    Takei, N.3    Rowe, D.4    Murray, R.M.5
  • 19
    • 0029090858 scopus 로고
    • Premorbid adjustment as a predictor of phenomenological and neurobiological indices in schizophrenia
    • Gupta S., Rajaprabhakaran R., Arndt S., Flaum M., Andreasen N.C. Premorbid adjustment as a predictor of phenomenological and neurobiological indices in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 16:1995;189-197.
    • (1995) Schizophr. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 189-197
    • Gupta, S.1    Rajaprabhakaran, R.2    Arndt, S.3    Flaum, M.4    Andreasen, N.C.5
  • 20
    • 0023774442 scopus 로고
    • Neurological soft signs in Nigerian schizophrenics: A controlled study
    • Gureje O. Neurological soft signs in Nigerian schizophrenics: a controlled study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 78:1988;505-509.
    • (1988) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.78 , pp. 505-509
    • Gureje, O.1
  • 23
    • 0023847872 scopus 로고
    • Significance and meaning of neurological signs in schizophrenia
    • Heinrichs D.W., Buchanan R.W. Significance and meaning of neurological signs in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 145:1988;11-18.
    • (1988) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.145 , pp. 11-18
    • Heinrichs, D.W.1    Buchanan, R.W.2
  • 25
    • 0031984383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their siblings
    • Ismail B., Cantor Graae E., McNeil T.F. Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their siblings. Am. J. Psychiatry. 155:1998;84-89.
    • (1998) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 84-89
    • Ismail, B.1    Cantor Graae, E.2    McNeil, T.F.3
  • 27
    • 0025301740 scopus 로고
    • Further investigation of the predictors of outcome following first schizophrenic episodes [see comments]
    • Johnstone E.C., Macmillan J.F., Frith C.D., Benn D.K., Crow T.J. Further investigation of the predictors of outcome following first schizophrenic episodes [see comments]. Br. J. Psychiatry. 157:1990;182-189.
    • (1990) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 182-189
    • Johnstone, E.C.1    MacMillan, J.F.2    Frith, C.D.3    Benn, D.K.4    Crow, T.J.5
  • 28
    • 0025752710 scopus 로고
    • The clinical correlates of neurological soft signs in chronic schizophrenia
    • King D.J., Wilson A., Cooper S.J., Waddington J.L. The clinical correlates of neurological soft signs in chronic schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 158:1991;770-775.
    • (1991) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 770-775
    • King, D.J.1    Wilson, A.2    Cooper, S.J.3    Waddington, J.L.4
  • 29
    • 0026045312 scopus 로고
    • Hard neurologic signs and psychopathology in relatives of schizophrenic patients
    • Kinney D.K., Yurgelun-Todd D.A., Woods B.T. Hard neurologic signs and psychopathology in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res. 39:1991;45-53.
    • (1991) Psychiatry Res. , vol.39 , pp. 45-53
    • Kinney, D.K.1    Yurgelun-Todd, D.A.2    Woods, B.T.3
  • 31
    • 0021997633 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia with good and poor outcome. III: Neurological 'soft' signs, cognitive impairment and their clinical significance
    • Kolakowska T., Williams A.O., Jambor K., Ardern M. Schizophrenia with good and poor outcome. III: Neurological 'soft' signs, cognitive impairment and their clinical significance. Br. J. Psychiatry. 146:1985;348-357.
    • (1985) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.146 , pp. 348-357
    • Kolakowska, T.1    Williams, A.O.2    Jambor, K.3    Ardern, M.4
  • 32
    • 0030604060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia and neurological soft signs: Gender differences in clinical correlates and antecedent factors
    • Lane A., Colgan K., Moynihan F., Burke T., Waddington J.L., Larkin C., O'Callaghan E. Schizophrenia and neurological soft signs: gender differences in clinical correlates and antecedent factors. Psychiatry Res. 64:1996;105-114.
    • (1996) Psychiatry Res. , vol.64 , pp. 105-114
    • Lane, A.1    Colgan, K.2    Moynihan, F.3    Burke, T.4    Waddington, J.L.5    Larkin, C.6    O'Callaghan, E.7
  • 33
    • 0027179640 scopus 로고
    • Eye tracking dysfunction and schizophrenia: A critical perspective [see comments]
    • published erratum appears in Schizophr. Bull. 19(4), 685
    • Levy D.L., Holzman P.S., Matthysse S., Mendell N.R. Eye tracking dysfunction and schizophrenia: a critical perspective [see comments]. Schizophr. Bull. 19:1993;461-536. published erratum appears in Schizophr. Bull. 19(4), 685.
    • (1993) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.19 , pp. 461-536
    • Levy, D.L.1    Holzman, P.S.2    Matthysse, S.3    Mendell, N.R.4
  • 34
    • 0030776345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between neurological 'soft signs' and syndromes of schizophrenia
    • Malla A.K., Norman R.M.G., Aguilar O., Cortese L. Relationship between neurological 'soft signs' and syndromes of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 96:1997;274-280.
    • (1997) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.96 , pp. 274-280
    • Malla, A.K.1    Norman, R.M.G.2    Aguilar, O.3    Cortese, L.4
  • 35
    • 0019436340 scopus 로고
    • Formal thought disorder, the typetoken ratio and disturbed voluntary motor movement in schizophrenia
    • Manschreck T.C., Maher B.A., Ader D.N. Formal thought disorder, the typetoken ratio and disturbed voluntary motor movement in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 139:1981;7-15.
    • (1981) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.139 , pp. 7-15
    • Manschreck, T.C.1    Maher, B.A.2    Ader, D.N.3
  • 36
    • 0021265407 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic features and psychopathology
    • Manschreck T.C., Ames D. Neurologic features and psychopathology. Biol. Psychiatry. 19:1984;703-719.
    • (1984) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 703-719
    • Manschreck, T.C.1    Ames, D.2
  • 39
    • 0019990241 scopus 로고
    • Neurological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: Part III. Neurological soft signs
    • Nasrallah H.A., Tippin J., McCalley Whitters M., Kuperman S. Neurological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: part III. Neurological soft signs. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 43:1982;310-312.
    • (1982) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 310-312
    • Nasrallah, H.A.1    Tippin, J.2    McCalley Whitters, M.3    Kuperman, S.4
  • 40
    • 0020675102 scopus 로고
    • Neurological soft signs in manic patients. A comparison with Schizophrenic and control groups
    • Nasrallah H.A., Tippin J., McCalley Whitters M. Neurological soft signs in manic patients. A comparison with Schizophrenic and control groups. J. Affect. Disord. 5:1983;45-50.
    • (1983) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.5 , pp. 45-50
    • Nasrallah, H.A.1    Tippin, J.2    McCalley Whitters, M.3
  • 41
    • 0020080705 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous involuntary disorders of movement: Their prevalence, severity, and distribution in chronic schizophrenics with and without treatment with neuroleptics
    • Owens D.G., Johnstone E.C., Frith C.D. Spontaneous involuntary disorders of movement: their prevalence, severity, and distribution in chronic schizophrenics with and without treatment with neuroleptics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 39:1982;452-461.
    • (1982) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 452-461
    • Owens, D.G.1    Johnstone, E.C.2    Frith, C.D.3
  • 42
    • 0038462780 scopus 로고
    • The neurological examination in dementia
    • C.E. Wells. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis
    • Paulson G.W. The neurological examination in dementia. Wells C.E. Dementia. 1971;F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, PA.
    • (1971) Dementia
    • Paulson, G.W.1
  • 43
    • 0017065006 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic soft signs in schizophrenia and character disorders. Organicity in schizophrenia with premorbid asociality and emotionally unstable character disorders
    • Quitkin F., Rifkin A., Klein D.F. Neurologic soft signs in schizophrenia and character disorders. Organicity in schizophrenia with premorbid asociality and emotionally unstable character disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 33:1976;845-853.
    • (1976) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 845-853
    • Quitkin, F.1    Rifkin, A.2    Klein, D.F.3
  • 44
    • 0028138284 scopus 로고
    • Neurological abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder at first admission to hospital: Correlations with computerized tomography and regional cerebral blood flow findings
    • Rubin P., Vorstrup S., Hemmingsen R., Andersen H.S., Bendsen B.B., Stromso N., Larsen J.K., Bolwig T.G. Neurological abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder at first admission to hospital: correlations with computerized tomography and regional cerebral blood flow findings. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 90:1994;385-390.
    • (1994) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.90 , pp. 385-390
    • Rubin, P.1    Vorstrup, S.2    Hemmingsen, R.3    Andersen, H.S.4    Bendsen, B.B.5    Stromso, N.6    Larsen, J.K.7    Bolwig, T.G.8
  • 45
    • 0028957793 scopus 로고
    • Comparative assessment of saccadic eye movements, psychomotor and cognitive performance in schizophrenics, their first degree relatives and control subjects
    • Schreiber H., Rothmeier J., Becker W., Jurgens R., Born J., Stolz-Born G., Westphal K.P., Kornhuber H.H. Comparative assessment of saccadic eye movements, psychomotor and cognitive performance in schizophrenics, their first degree relatives and control subjects. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 91:1995;195-201.
    • (1995) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.91 , pp. 195-201
    • Schreiber, H.1    Rothmeier, J.2    Becker, W.3    Jurgens, R.4    Born, J.5    Stolz-Born, G.6    Westphal, K.P.7    Kornhuber, H.H.8
  • 47
    • 0026778035 scopus 로고
    • Subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia: Do their psychopathological characteristics correspond to cerebral alterations?
    • Schroder J., Geider F.J., Binkert M., Reitz C., Jauss M., Sauer H. Subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia: do their psychopathological characteristics correspond to cerebral alterations? Psychiatry Res. 42:1992;209-220.
    • (1992) Psychiatry Res. , vol.42 , pp. 209-220
    • Schroder, J.1    Geider, F.J.2    Binkert, M.3    Reitz, C.4    Jauss, M.5    Sauer, H.6
  • 48
    • 0028326566 scopus 로고
    • Neurological soft signs in female trichotillomania patients, obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, and healthy control subjects
    • Stein D.J., Hollander E., Simeon D., Cohen L., Islam M.N., Aronowitz B. Neurological soft signs in female trichotillomania patients, obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, and healthy control subjects. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 6:1994;184-187.
    • (1994) J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 184-187
    • Stein, D.J.1    Hollander, E.2    Simeon, D.3    Cohen, L.4    Islam, M.N.5    Aronowitz, B.6
  • 49
    • 0026570924 scopus 로고
    • Are schizophrenia and affective disorder related? A selective literature review
    • Taylor M.A. Are schizophrenia and affective disorder related? A selective literature review. Am. J. Psychiatry. 149:1992;22-32.
    • (1992) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 22-32
    • Taylor, M.A.1
  • 50
    • 0019301190 scopus 로고
    • Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients
    • Torrey E.F. Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry. 15:1980;381-388.
    • (1980) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 381-388
    • Torrey, E.F.1
  • 51
    • 0027724632 scopus 로고
    • Event-related potential and clinical correlates of neurodysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • Towey J., Bruder G., Tenke C., Leite P., DeCaria C., Friedman D., Hollander E. Event-related potential and clinical correlates of neurodysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 49:1993;167-181.
    • (1993) Psychiatry Res. , vol.49 , pp. 167-181
    • Towey, J.1    Bruder, G.2    Tenke, C.3    Leite, P.4    Decaria, C.5    Friedman, D.6    Hollander, E.7
  • 52
    • 0016432022 scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor functions and cognitive disturbance in psychiatric patients
    • Tucker G.J., Campion E.W., Silberfarb P.M. Sensorimotor functions and cognitive disturbance in psychiatric patients. Am. J. Psychiatry. 132:1975;17-21.
    • (1975) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.132 , pp. 17-21
    • Tucker, G.J.1    Campion, E.W.2    Silberfarb, P.M.3
  • 53
    • 0015972032 scopus 로고
    • Release phenomena and iterative activities in psychiatric geriatric patients
    • Villeneuve A., Turcotte J., Bouchard M., Cote J.M., Jus A. Release phenomena and iterative activities in psychiatric geriatric patients. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 110:1974;147-153.
    • (1974) Can. Med. Assoc. J. , vol.110 , pp. 147-153
    • Villeneuve, A.1    Turcotte, J.2    Bouchard, M.3    Cote, J.M.4    Jus, A.5
  • 54
    • 0019824102 scopus 로고
    • Attentional and neuromotor functions of schizophrenics, schizoaffectives, and patients with other affective disorders
    • Walker E. Attentional and neuromotor functions of schizophrenics, schizoaffectives, and patients with other affective disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 38:1981;1355-1358.
    • (1981) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.38 , pp. 1355-1358
    • Walker, E.1
  • 55
    • 0020050967 scopus 로고
    • Soft signs of neurological dysfunction in schizophrenia: An investigation of lateral performance
    • Walker E., Green M. Soft signs of neurological dysfunction in schizophrenia: an investigation of lateral performance. Biol. Psychiatry. 17:1982;381-386.
    • (1982) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 381-386
    • Walker, E.1    Green, M.2
  • 56
    • 0022412906 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia. Neuropsychological deficit and family psychopathology
    • Wegner J.T., Catalano F., Gibralter J., Kane J.M. Schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia. Neuropsychological deficit and family psychopathology. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 42:1985;860-865.
    • (1985) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 860-865
    • Wegner, J.T.1    Catalano, F.2    Gibralter, J.3    Kane, J.M.4
  • 58
    • 0022633497 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their families. I. Comparison of schizophrenic, bipolar, and substance abuse patients and normal controls
    • Woods B.T., Kinney D.K., Yurgelun-Todd D.A. Neurologic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their families. I. Comparison of schizophrenic, bipolar, and substance abuse patients and normal controls. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 43:1986;657-663.
    • (1986) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 657-663
    • Woods, B.T.1    Kinney, D.K.2    Yurgelun-Todd, D.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.