메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 873, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 225-234

Potentiated and preferential effects of combined paraquat and maneb on nigrostriatal dopamine systems: Environmental risk factors for Parkinson’s disease?

Author keywords

Dopamine; Immunohistochemistry; Locomotor activity; Parkinson s Disease; Striatum; Substantia nigra; Tyrosine hydroxylase

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL; MANEB; PARAQUAT;

EID: 0034637267     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02496-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (270)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0027432043 scopus 로고
    • Effects of calcium channel entry blockers on cocaine and amphetamine-induced motor activities and toxicities
    • Ansah T.A., Wade L.H., Shockley D.C. Effects of calcium channel entry blockers on cocaine and amphetamine-induced motor activities and toxicities. Life Sciences. 53:1993;1947-1956.
    • (1993) Life Sciences , vol.53 , pp. 1947-1956
    • Ansah, T.A.1    Wade, L.H.2    Shockley, D.C.3
  • 2
    • 0026727193 scopus 로고
    • Production of limbic motor seizures and brain damage by systemic and intracerebral injections of paraquat in rats
    • Bagetta G., Corasaniti M.I., Iannone M., Nistico G., Stephenson J.D. Production of limbic motor seizures and brain damage by systemic and intracerebral injections of paraquat in rats. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 71:1992;443-448.
    • (1992) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.71 , pp. 443-448
    • Bagetta, G.1    Corasaniti, M.I.2    Iannone, M.3    Nistico, G.4    Stephenson, J.D.5
  • 3
    • 0020956905 scopus 로고
    • Histochemical observations on rodent brain melanin
    • Barden H., Levine S. Histochemical observations on rodent brain melanin. Brain Res. Bull. 10:1983;847-851.
    • (1983) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.10 , pp. 847-851
    • Barden, H.1    Levine, S.2
  • 5
    • 0032842038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine oxidation alters mitochondrial respiration and induces permeability transition in brain mitochondria: Implications for Parkinson's disease
    • Berman S.B., Hastings T.G. Dopamine oxidation alters mitochondrial respiration and induces permeability transition in brain mitochondria: implications for Parkinson's disease. J. Neurochem. 73:1999;1127-1137.
    • (1999) J. Neurochem. , vol.73 , pp. 1127-1137
    • Berman, S.B.1    Hastings, T.G.2
  • 6
    • 0018395738 scopus 로고
    • Influence of some cations on the intestinal absorption of maneb
    • Brocker E.R., Schlatter C. Influence of some cations on the intestinal absorption of maneb. J. Agric. Food Chem. 27:1979;3303-3306.
    • (1979) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 3303-3306
    • Brocker, E.R.1    Schlatter, C.2
  • 8
    • 0025082077 scopus 로고
    • Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA3 neurones after microinfusion of paraquat into the rat substantia nigra or into the ventral tegmental area
    • Calo M., Iannone M., Passafaro M., Nistico G. Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA3 neurones after microinfusion of paraquat into the rat substantia nigra or into the ventral tegmental area. J. Comparative Pathol. 103:1990;73-78.
    • (1990) J. Comparative Pathol. , vol.103 , pp. 73-78
    • Calo, M.1    Iannone, M.2    Passafaro, M.3    Nistico, G.4
  • 9
    • 0027198423 scopus 로고
    • Determination of paraquat in rat brain by high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Corasaniti M.T., Nistico G. Determination of paraquat in rat brain by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 643:1993;419-425.
    • (1993) J. Chromatogr. , vol.643 , pp. 419-425
    • Corasaniti, M.T.1    Nistico, G.2
  • 10
    • 0024522192 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for monoaminergic involvement in triadimefon-induced hyperactivity
    • Crofton K.M., Boncek V.M., MacPhail R.C. Evidence for monoaminergic involvement in triadimefon-induced hyperactivity. Psychopharmacology. 97:1989;326-330.
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.97 , pp. 326-330
    • Crofton, K.M.1    Boncek, V.M.2    MacPhail, R.C.3
  • 13
    • 0018365560 scopus 로고
    • Vehicle alteration of paraquat lethality in mice
    • Drew R., Gram T.E. Vehicle alteration of paraquat lethality in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 48:1979;479-487.
    • (1979) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.48 , pp. 479-487
    • Drew, R.1    Gram, T.E.2
  • 14
    • 0023882918 scopus 로고
    • Chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb may produce symptoms and signs of CNS mangenese intoxication
    • Ferraz H.B., Bertolucci P.H.F., Pereira J.S., Lima J.G.C., Andrade L.A.F. Chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb may produce symptoms and signs of CNS mangenese intoxication. Neurology. 38:1988;550-553.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 550-553
    • Ferraz, H.B.1    Bertolucci, P.H.F.2    Pereira, J.S.3    Lima, J.G.C.4    Andrade, L.A.F.5
  • 16
    • 0031843721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of Parkinson's disease with exposure to pesticides, farming, well water, and rural living
    • Gorell J.M., Johnson C.C., Rybicki B.A., Peterson E.L., Richardson R.J. The risk of Parkinson's disease with exposure to pesticides, farming, well water, and rural living. Neurology. 50:1998;1346-1350.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1346-1350
    • Gorell, J.M.1    Johnson, C.C.2    Rybicki, B.A.3    Peterson, E.L.4    Richardson, R.J.5
  • 17
    • 0025230379 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: A case control study of occupational and environmental risk factors
    • Hertzman C., Wiens M., Bowering D., Snow B., Calne D. Parkinson's disease: A case control study of occupational and environmental risk factors. Am. J. Indust. Med. 17:1990;349-355.
    • (1990) Am. J. Indust. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 349-355
    • Hertzman, C.1    Wiens, M.2    Bowering, D.3    Snow, B.4    Calne, D.5
  • 18
    • 0023740954 scopus 로고
    • Melanized dopaminergic neurons are differentially susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson's disease
    • Hirsch E., Graybiel A.M., Agid Y.A. Melanized dopaminergic neurons are differentially susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Nature. 334:1988;345-348.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 345-348
    • Hirsch, E.1    Graybiel, A.M.2    Agid, Y.A.3
  • 19
    • 84996080984 scopus 로고
    • Selective vulnerability of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease
    • Hirsch E.C., Graybiel A.M., Agid Y. Selective vulnerability of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol. Scand. 126:1989;19-22.
    • (1989) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.126 , pp. 19-22
    • Hirsch, E.C.1    Graybiel, A.M.2    Agid, Y.3
  • 21
    • 0030884035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and neurochemical effects of acute and repeated administration of triadimefon in the male rat
    • Ikaiddi M.U., Akunne H.C., Soliman K.F.A. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of acute and repeated administration of triadimefon in the male rat. NeuroToxicology. 18:1997;771-780.
    • (1997) NeuroToxicology , vol.18 , pp. 771-780
    • Ikaiddi, M.U.1    Akunne, H.C.2    Soliman, K.F.A.3
  • 22
    • 0028968082 scopus 로고
    • Geographical variations in mortality from Parkinson's disease in Japan, 1977-1985
    • Imaizumi Y. Geographical variations in mortality from Parkinson's disease in Japan, 1977-1985. Acta Neurol. Scand. 91:1995;311-316.
    • (1995) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.91 , pp. 311-316
    • Imaizumi, Y.1
  • 23
    • 0018770547 scopus 로고
    • Examination of the in vivo metabolism of maneb and zineb to ethylenethiourea (ETU) in mice
    • Jordan L.W., Neal R.A. Examination of the in vivo metabolism of maneb and zineb to ethylenethiourea (ETU) in mice. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22:1979;271-277.
    • (1979) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 271-277
    • Jordan, L.W.1    Neal, R.A.2
  • 24
    • 0017287310 scopus 로고
    • Influence of methamphetamine on nigral and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and on striatal dopamine levels
    • Kogan F.J., Nichols W.K., Gibb J.W. Influence of methamphetamine on nigral and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and on striatal dopamine levels. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 36:1976;363-371.
    • (1976) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.36 , pp. 363-371
    • Kogan, F.J.1    Nichols, W.K.2    Gibb, J.W.3
  • 25
    • 0020680904 scopus 로고
    • Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis
    • Langston J.W., Ballard P.A., Tetrud J.W., Irwin I. Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science. 219:1983;979-980.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 979-980
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.A.2    Tetrud, J.W.3    Irwin, I.4
  • 26
    • 0030795781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geographic distribution of Parkinson's disease mortality in the United States
    • Lanska D.J. The geographic distribution of Parkinson's disease mortality in the United States. J. Neurol. Sci. 150:1997;63-70.
    • (1997) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.150 , pp. 63-70
    • Lanska, D.J.1
  • 28
    • 0029918777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of paraquat on the substantia nigra of the Wistar rats: Neurochemical, histological, and behavioral studies
    • Liou H.H., Chen R.C., Tsai Y.F., Chen W.P., Chang Y.C., Tsai M.C. Effects of paraquat on the substantia nigra of the Wistar rats: Neurochemical, histological, and behavioral studies. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 137:1996;34-41.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.137 , pp. 34-41
    • Liou, H.H.1    Chen, R.C.2    Tsai, Y.F.3    Chen, W.P.4    Chang, Y.C.5    Tsai, M.C.6
  • 29
    • 0030878320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: A case control study in Taiwan
    • Liou H.H., Tsai M.C., Chen C.J., Jeng J.S., Chang Y.S., Chen S.Y., Chen R.C. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: A case control study in Taiwan. Neurology. 48:1997;1583-1588.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1583-1588
    • Liou, H.H.1    Tsai, M.C.2    Chen, C.J.3    Jeng, J.S.4    Chang, Y.S.5    Chen, S.Y.6    Chen, R.C.7
  • 30
    • 0022815530 scopus 로고
    • Reduced paraquat does not exhibit MPTP-like neurotoxicity
    • Markey S.P., Weisz A., Bacon J.P. Reduced paraquat does not exhibit MPTP-like neurotoxicity. J. Anal. Toxicol. 10:1986;257.
    • (1986) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.10 , pp. 257
    • Markey, S.P.1    Weisz, A.2    Bacon, J.P.3
  • 31
    • 0023740773 scopus 로고
    • Rate of cell death in Parkinsonism indicates active neuropathological process
    • McGeer P.L., Itagaki S., Akiyama H., McGeer E.G. Rate of cell death in Parkinsonism indicates active neuropathological process. Ann. Neurol. 24:1988;574-576.
    • (1988) Ann. Neurol. , vol.24 , pp. 574-576
    • McGeer, P.L.1    Itagaki, S.2    Akiyama, H.3    McGeer, E.G.4
  • 32
    • 0028064283 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism after chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate
    • Meco G., Bonifati V., Vanacore N., Fabrizio E. Parkinsonism after chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 20:1994;301-305.
    • (1994) Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , vol.20 , pp. 301-305
    • Meco, G.1    Bonifati, V.2    Vanacore, N.3    Fabrizio, E.4
  • 33
    • 0025816764 scopus 로고
    • Diethyldithiocarbamate potentiates the neurotoxicity of in vivo 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and of in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
    • Miller D.B., Reinhard J.F., Daniels A.J., O'Callaghan J.P. Diethyldithiocarbamate potentiates the neurotoxicity of in vivo 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and of in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. J. Neurochem. 57:1991;541-549.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem. , vol.57 , pp. 541-549
    • Miller, D.B.1    Reinhard, J.F.2    Daniels, A.J.3    O'Callaghan, J.P.4
  • 34
    • 0024829856 scopus 로고
    • Acute exposure to maneb alters some behavioral functions in the mouse
    • Morato G.S., Lemos T., Takahashi R.N. Acute exposure to maneb alters some behavioral functions in the mouse. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 11:1989;421-425.
    • (1989) Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , vol.11 , pp. 421-425
    • Morato, G.S.1    Lemos, T.2    Takahashi, R.N.3
  • 35
    • 0017095342 scopus 로고
    • Residues of four ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) and their decomposition products on field-sprayed tomatoes
    • Newsome W.H. Residues of four ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) and their decomposition products on field-sprayed tomatoes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 24:1976;999-1001.
    • (1976) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.24 , pp. 999-1001
    • Newsome, W.H.1
  • 36
    • 0018576705 scopus 로고
    • Residues of mancozeb, 2-imidazoline, and theyleneurea in tomato and potato crops after field treatment with mancozeb
    • Newsome W.H. Residues of mancozeb, 2-imidazoline, and theyleneurea in tomato and potato crops after field treatment with mancozeb. J. Agric. Food Chem. 27:1979;1188-1190.
    • (1979) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 1188-1190
    • Newsome, W.H.1
  • 38
    • 0026327776 scopus 로고
    • Discriminative stimulus properties of triadimefon: Comparisons with methylphenidate
    • Perkins A.N., Eckerman D.A., MacPhail R.C. Discriminative stimulus properties of triadimefon: Comparisons with methylphenidate. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 40:1991;757-761.
    • (1991) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.40 , pp. 757-761
    • Perkins, A.N.1    Eckerman, D.A.2    MacPhail, R.C.3
  • 39
    • 0022445973 scopus 로고
    • Paraquat and two endogenous analogues of the neurotoxic substance N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine do not damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the mouse
    • Perry T.L., Yong V.W., Wall R.A., Jones K. Paraquat and two endogenous analogues of the neurotoxic substance N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine do not damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the mouse. Neurosci. Lett. 69:1986;285-289.
    • (1986) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.69 , pp. 285-289
    • Perry, T.L.1    Yong, V.W.2    Wall, R.A.3    Jones, K.4
  • 40
    • 0030876060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of the locomotor activating effects of D-amphetamine, cocaine and scopolamine by potassium channel modulators
    • Rosenzewig-Lipson S., Thomas S., Barrett J.E. Attenuation of the locomotor activating effects of D-amphetamine, cocaine and scopolamine by potassium channel modulators. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 21:1997;853-872.
    • (1997) Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 853-872
    • Rosenzewig-Lipson, S.1    Thomas, S.2    Barrett, J.E.3
  • 41
    • 0016427881 scopus 로고
    • The effects of psychomotor stimulants on stereotypy and locomotor activity in socially deprived and control rats
    • Sahakian B.J., Robbins T.W., Morgan M.J., Iversen S.D. The effects of psychomotor stimulants on stereotypy and locomotor activity in socially deprived and control rats. Brain Res. 84:1975;195-205.
    • (1975) Brain Res. , vol.84 , pp. 195-205
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Morgan, M.J.3    Iversen, S.D.4
  • 42
    • 17544404713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of dieldrin for dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic cultures
    • Sanchez-Ramos J., Facca A., Basit A., Song S. Toxicity of dieldrin for dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic cultures. Exp. Neurol. 150:1998;263-271.
    • (1998) Exp. Neurol. , vol.150 , pp. 263-271
    • Sanchez-Ramos, J.1    Facca, A.2    Basit, A.3    Song, S.4
  • 43
    • 0026711037 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals
    • Semchuk K.M., Love E.J., Lee R.G. Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals. Neurology. 42:1992;1328-1335.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1328-1335
    • Semchuk, K.M.1    Love, E.J.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 44
    • 0015359723 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of paraquat toxicity with tissue concentrations and weight loss of the rat
    • Sharp C.W., Ottolenghi A., Posner H.S. Correlation of paraquat toxicity with tissue concentrations and weight loss of the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 22:1972;241-251.
    • (1972) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.22 , pp. 241-251
    • Sharp, C.W.1    Ottolenghi, A.2    Posner, H.S.3
  • 45
    • 0032030445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of the outer membrane is responsible for paraquat cytotoxicity in rat livers
    • Shimada H., Hirai K.-I., Simamura E., Pan J. Mitochondrial NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of the outer membrane is responsible for paraquat cytotoxicity in rat livers. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 351:1998;75-81.
    • (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.351 , pp. 75-81
    • Shimada, H.1    Hirai, K.-I.2    Simamura, E.3    Pan, J.4
  • 46
    • 0029739996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of fungicides containing ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate in serumless dissociated mesencephalic-striatal primary co-culture
    • Soleo L., Defazio G., Scarselli R., Zefferino R., Livrea P., Foa V. Toxicity of fungicides containing ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate in serumless dissociated mesencephalic-striatal primary co-culture. Arch. Toxicol. 70:1996;678-682.
    • (1996) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.70 , pp. 678-682
    • Soleo, L.1    Defazio, G.2    Scarselli, R.3    Zefferino, R.4    Livrea, P.5    Foa, V.6
  • 47
    • 0030605073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of mice with methamphetamine produces cell loss in the substantia nigra
    • Sonsalla P.K., Jochnowitz N.D., Zeevalk G.D., Oostveen J.A., Hall E.D. Treatment of mice with methamphetamine produces cell loss in the substantia nigra. Brain Res. 738:1996;172-175.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.738 , pp. 172-175
    • Sonsalla, P.K.1    Jochnowitz, N.D.2    Zeevalk, G.D.3    Oostveen, J.A.4    Hall, E.D.5
  • 48
    • 0024495904 scopus 로고
    • Role for excitatory amino acids in methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity
    • Sonsalla P.K., Nicklas W.J., Heikkila R.E. Role for excitatory amino acids in methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity. Science. 243:1989;398-400.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 398-400
    • Sonsalla, P.K.1    Nicklas, W.J.2    Heikkila, R.E.3
  • 49
    • 0027716342 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variations in the prevalence rates of Parkinson's Disease in Alberta
    • Svenson L.W., Platt G.H., Woodhead S.E. Geographic variations in the prevalence rates of Parkinson's Disease in Alberta. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 20:1993;307-311.
    • (1993) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 307-311
    • Svenson, L.W.1    Platt, G.H.2    Woodhead, S.E.3
  • 52
    • 0032912534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dithiocarbamate pesticides affect glutamate transport in brain synaptic vesicles
    • Vaccari A., Saba P., Mocci I., Ruiu S. Dithiocarbamate pesticides affect glutamate transport in brain synaptic vesicles. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut. 288:1999;1-5.
    • (1999) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut. , vol.288 , pp. 1-5
    • Vaccari, A.1    Saba, P.2    Mocci, I.3    Ruiu, S.4
  • 53
    • 0025215789 scopus 로고
    • Triadimefon, a triazole fungicide, induces stereotyped behavior and alters monoamine metabolism in rats
    • Walker Q.D., Lewis M.H., Crofton K.M., Mailman R.B. Triadimefon, a triazole fungicide, induces stereotyped behavior and alters monoamine metabolism in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 102:1990;474-485.
    • (1990) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.102 , pp. 474-485
    • Walker, Q.D.1    Lewis, M.H.2    Crofton, K.M.3    Mailman, R.B.4
  • 54
    • 0030220632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triadimefon and triadimenol: Effects on monoamine uptake and release
    • Walker Q.D., Mailman R.C. Triadimefon and triadimenol: Effects on monoamine uptake and release. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 139:1996;227-233.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.139 , pp. 227-233
    • Walker, Q.D.1    Mailman, R.C.2
  • 55
    • 0033062725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diethyldithiocarbamate causes nigral cell loss and dopamine depletion with nontoxic doses of MPTP
    • Walters T.L., Irwin I., Delfani K., Langston W.J., Janson A.M. Diethyldithiocarbamate causes nigral cell loss and dopamine depletion with nontoxic doses of MPTP. Exp. Neurol. 156:1999;62-70.
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol. , vol.156 , pp. 62-70
    • Walters, T.L.1    Irwin, I.2    Delfani, K.3    Langston, W.J.4    Janson, A.M.5
  • 56
    • 0028008587 scopus 로고
    • N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors modulate extracellular dopamine concentration and metabolism in rat hippocampus and striatum in vivo
    • Whitton P.S., Maione S., Biggs C.S., Fowler L.J. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors modulate extracellular dopamine concentration and metabolism in rat hippocampus and striatum in vivo. Brain Res. 635:1994;312-316.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.635 , pp. 312-316
    • Whitton, P.S.1    Maione, S.2    Biggs, C.S.3    Fowler, L.J.4
  • 57
    • 0029866523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence on age on the passage of paraquat through the blood-brain barrier in rats: A distribution and pathological examination
    • Widdowson P.S., Farnworth M.J., Simpson M.G., Lock E.A. Influence on age on the passage of paraquat through the blood-brain barrier in rats: A distribution and pathological examination. Hum. Exper. Toxicol. 15:1996;231-236.
    • (1996) Hum. Exper. Toxicol. , vol.15 , pp. 231-236
    • Widdowson, P.S.1    Farnworth, M.J.2    Simpson, M.G.3    Lock, E.A.4
  • 58
    • 0027410765 scopus 로고
    • Protection against paraquat-induced toxicity with sulfite or thiosulfate in mice
    • Yamamoto H.A. Protection against paraquat-induced toxicity with sulfite or thiosulfate in mice. Toxicology. 79:1993;37-43.
    • (1993) Toxicology , vol.79 , pp. 37-43
    • Yamamoto, H.A.1
  • 59
    • 0031943867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paraquat induced free radical reaction in mouse brain microsomes
    • Yang W., Sun A.Y. Paraquat induced free radical reaction in mouse brain microsomes. Neurochem. Res. 23:1998;47-53.
    • (1998) Neurochem. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 47-53
    • Yang, W.1    Sun, A.Y.2
  • 60
    • 0027225256 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of calcium channel antagonists on motor dysfunction induced by intracerebroventricular administration of paraquat
    • Yoshimura Y., Watanabe Y., Shibuya T. Inhibitory effects of calcium channel antagonists on motor dysfunction induced by intracerebroventricular administration of paraquat. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 72:1993;229-235.
    • (1993) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.72 , pp. 229-235
    • Yoshimura, Y.1    Watanabe, Y.2    Shibuya, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.