Highly polar metal-metal bonds in 'early-late' heterodimetallic complexes

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 39, Issue 15, 2000, Pages 2658-2678

  Gade, Lutz H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

Author keywords

Cluster compounds; Metal metal interactions; Organometallic compounds; Transition metals

Indexed keywords

METAL COMPLEX; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND;

CATALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; COMPLEX FORMATION; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; OXIDATION; REVIEW;

EID: 0034604586     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15<2658::AID-ANIE2658>3.0.CO;2-C     Document Type: Review

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17. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
18. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
19. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
20. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
21. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
22. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
23. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
24. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
25. R. J. Havinghurst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2113. The history of the mercurous salts is particularly interesting and the dispute over their correct chemical formulation involved some of the most famous chemists of the 19th century: E. Mitscherlich, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1834, 12, 137 (the measurements on mercurous chloride are quoted on p. 166); H. S. Deville, L. Troost, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1858, 105, 213; R. Rieth, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 666; E. Erlenmeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1864, 131, 124; A. W. Williamson, J. Chem. Soc. 1864, 42, 211; W. Harris, V. Meyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1894, 27, 1482. The matter could only be regarded as settled after the extensive thermodynamic and electrochemical studies published by Ogg in 1898: A. Ogg, Z. Phys. Chem. Stöchiom. Verwandtschaftsl. 1898, 27, 285. See also: L. H. Gade, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 25; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 24.
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114. It should be noted that an interpretation of the polar metal-metal bonds as simple donor-acceptor bonds comparable to the Co- Group 13 heterobimetallics synthesized by Fischer et al.[67a] and studied theoretically by Frenking and co-workers[67b] is inappropriate as derived from the charge decomposition analysis (CDA). In other words, the Ti-Co bonds in in the systems at hand are significantly more covalent in nature. a) R. A. Fischer, A. Liehr, T. Priermeier, Chem. Ber. 1995, 128, 831; b) R. A. Fischer, M. M. Schmidt, J. Weiß, L. Zsolnai, A. Jacobi, G. Huttner, G. Frenking, C. Boehme, S. F. Vyboishchikov, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1237. Review: R. A. Fischer, J. Weiß, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 3002; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2831.
115. It should be noted that an interpretation of the polar metal-metal bonds as simple donor-acceptor bonds comparable to the Co- Group 13 heterobimetallics synthesized by Fischer et al.[67a] and studied theoretically by Frenking and co-workers[67b] is inappropriate as derived from the charge decomposition analysis (CDA). In other words, the Ti-Co bonds in in the systems at hand are significantly more covalent in nature. a) R. A. Fischer, A. Liehr, T. Priermeier, Chem. Ber. 1995, 128, 831; b) R. A. Fischer, M. M. Schmidt, J. Weiß, L. Zsolnai, A. Jacobi, G. Huttner, G. Frenking, C. Boehme, S. F. Vyboishchikov, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1237. Review: R. A. Fischer, J. Weiß, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 3002; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2831.
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