A shift of attention may be necessary, but it is not sufficient, for the generation of the Simon effect

Psychological Research

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 117-135

  Ivanoff, Jason ^a   Peters, Michael ^b  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EYE FIXATION; HUMAN; MOTIVATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REACTION TIME;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATTENTION; CUES; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MOTIVATION; REACTION TIME; SPACE PERCEPTION;

EID: 0034568689     PISSN: 03400727     EISSN: 14302772     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004260000033     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Abrams, R. A., & Dobkin, R. S. (1994). Inhibition of return: effects of attentional cuing on eye movement latencies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 467-477.
2. Craighero, L., Fadiga, L., Rizzolatti, G., & Umiltà, C. (1998). Visuomotor priming. Visual Cognition, 5, 109-125.
3. De Jong, R., Liang, C., & Lauber, E. (1994). Conditional and unconditional automaticity: a dual-process model of effects of spatial S-R correspondence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 731-750.
4. Eimer, M. (1998). The lateralized readiness potential as an on-line measure of central response activation processes. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 30, 146-156.
5. Eimer, M., Hommel, B., & Prinz, W. (1995). S-R compatibility and response selection. Acta Psychologica, 90, 301-313.
6. Eimer, M., & Schlaghecken, F. (1998). Effects of masked stimuli on motor activation: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1737-1747.
7. Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
8. Fitts, P. M., & Seeger, C. M. (1953). S-R compatibility: spatial characteristics of stimulus and response codes. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46, 199-210.
9. Forbes, K., & Klein, R. M. (1996) The magnitude of the fixation offset effect with endogenously and exogenously controlled saccades. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 344-352.
10. Fuentes, L. J., Vivas, A. B., & Humphreys, G. W. (1999). Inhibitory tagging of stimulus properties in inhibition of return: effects on semantic priming and flanker interference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52A, 149-164.
11. Goldberg, M. E., & Seagraves, M. A. (1987). Visuospatial and motor attention in the monkey. Neuropsychologia, 25, 107-118.
12. Guiard, Y. (1983). The lateral coding of rotations: a study of the Simon effect with wheel-rotation responses. Journal of Motor Behavior, 15, 331-342.
13. Hommel, B. (1993a). Inverting the Simon effect by intention: determinants of direction and extent of effects of irrelevant spatial information. Psychological Research, 55, 270-279.
14. Hommel, B. (1993b). The role of attention for the Simon effect. Psychological Research, 55, 28-222.
15. Hommel, B. (1994). Spontaneous decay of response code activation. Psychological Research, 56, 261-268.
16. Hommel, B. (1998). Event files: evidence for automatic integration of S-R episodes. Visual Cognition, 5, 183-216.
17. Hommel, B., & Lippa, Y. (1995). S-R compatibility effects due to context-dependent spatial-stimulus coding. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 370-374.
18. Howard, L. A., & Tipper, S. P. (1997). Hand deviations away from visual precues: indirect evidence for inhibition. Experimental Brain Research, 113, 144-152.
19. Ivanoff, J., & Klein, R. M. (in press). The presence of a nonresponding effector increases inhibition of return. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
20. Jonides, J. (1981). Voluntary vs. automatic control over the mind's eye's movement. In J. Long, & A. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance IX (pp. 187-203). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
21. Klein, R. M. (1980). Does oculomotor readiness mediate cognitive control of visual attention? In R. Nickerson (Ed.) Attention and performance VIII. (pp. 259-276). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Klein, R. M. (1994). Perceptual-motor expectancies interact with covert visual orienting under conditions of endogenous but not exogenous control. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48, 167-181.
23. Klein, R. M. (2000). Inhibition of return. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 138-147.
24. Klein, R. M., & Christie, J. J. (1996). Comparison of illusory line motion following exogenous and endogenous orienting of attention. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 37, S530.
25. Klein, R. M., & Pontefract, A. (1994). Does oculomotor readiness mediate cognitive control of visual attention? Revisited! In R. Nickerson (Ed.), Attention and performance XV: conscious and nonconscious information processing (pp. 333-350). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
26. Klein, R. M., & Taylor, T. L. (1994). Categories of cognitive inhibition, with reference to attention. In D. Dagenbach, & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 113-150). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
27. Kornblum, S., Hasbrouq, T., & Osman, A. (1990). Dimensional overlap: cognitive basis for S-R compatibility - A model and a taxonomy. Psychology Review, 97, 253-270.
28. Kornblum, S., & Lee, J-W. (1995). S-R compatibility with relevant and irrelevant dimensions that do and do not overlap with the response. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 855-875.
29. Lamberts, K., Tavernier, G., & d'Ydewalle, G. (1992). Effects of multiple reference points in spatial S-R compatibility. Acta Psychologica, 79, 115-130.
30. Logan, G. D. (1995). Linguistic and conceptual control of visual spatial attention. Cognitive Psychology, 28, 103-174.
31. Lu, C-H., & Proctor, R. W. (1995). The influence of irrelevant location information on performance: a review of the Simon and spatial Stroop effect. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 174-207.
32. Milner, A. D., & Goodale, M. A. (1995). The visual brain in action. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
33. Neumann, O., & Klotz, W. (1994). Motor responses to nonreportable, masked stimuli: where is the limit of direct parameter specification? In C. Umiltà, & M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and Performance XV: Conscious and Nonconscious Information Processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
34. Nicoletti, R., & Umiltà, C. (1989). Splitting visual space with attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 15, 164-169.
35. Nicoletti, R., & Umiltà, C. (1994). Attention shifts produce spatial stimulus codes. Psychological Research, 56, 144-150.
36. Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 2-25.
37. Posner, M. I., & Cohen, Y. (1984). Components of visual orienting. In H. Bouma, & D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.), Attention and performance X (pp. 531-556). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
38. Posner, M. I., Rafal, R. D., Choate, L. S., & Vaughan, J. (1985). Inhibition of return: neural basis and function. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2, 211-228.
39. Prinz, W. (1997). Why Donders has led us astray. In B. Hommel, & W. Prinz (Eds.), Theoretical issues in S-R compatibility (pp. 247-267). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
40. Proctor, R. W., & Lu, C.-H. (1994). Referential coding and attention-shifting accounts of the Simon effect. Psychological Research, 56, 185-195.
41. Proctor, R. W., Lu, C.-H., & van Zandt, T. (1992). Enhancement of the Simon effect by response precuing. Acta Psychologica, 74, 53-74.
42. Proctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F. (1998). Lateralized warning tines produce typical irrelevant-location effects on choice reactions. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 124-129.
43. Rafal, R., Egly, R., & Rhodes, D. (1994). Effects of inhibition of return on voluntary and visually guided saccades. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48, 284-300.
44. Rensink, R. A., & Enns, J. T. (1992). Micropsych software: reference manual for VScope and EMaker. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
45. Riggio, L., Gawryszewski, L. G., & Umiltà, C. (1986). What is crossed in crossed-hands effects? Acta Psychologica, 62, 89-100.
46. Rizzolatti, G., Riggio, L., Dascorla, I., & Umiltà, C. (1987). Reorienting attention across the horizontal and vertical meridians: evidence in favor of a premotor theory of attention. Neuropsychologia, 25, 31-40.
47. Rizzolatti, G., Riggio, L., & Sheliga, B. (1994). Space and selective attention. In C. Umiltà, & M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and performance XV: conscious and nonconscious information processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
48. Roswarski, T. E., & Proctor, R. W. (1996). Multiple spatial codes and temporal overlap in choice-reaction tasks. Psychological Research, 59, 196-211.
49. Rubichi, S., Nicoletti, R., Iani, C., & Umiltà, C. (1997). The Simon effect occurs relative to the direction of an attention shift. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1353-1364.
50. Saslow, M. G. (1967). Effects of components of displacement-step stimuli upon latency for saccadic eye movement. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 57, 1024-1029.
51. Sheliga, B. M., Riggio, L., Craighero, & Rizzolatti, G. (1995). Spatial attention-determined modifications in saccädic trajectories. Neuro Report, 6, 585-588.
52. Simon, J. R. (1969). Reactions toward the source of stimulation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 174-176.
53. Simon, J. R., & Craft, J. L. (1970). Effect of an irrelevant auditory stimulus on visual choice reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 272-274.
54. Stoffels, E. J., Van der Molen, M. W., & Keuss, P. G. J. (1985). Intersensory facilitation and inhibition: immediate arousal and location effects of auditory noise on visual reaction time. Acta Psychologica, 58, 45-62.
55. Stoffer, T. H., & Umiltà, C. (1997). Spatial stimulus coding and the focus of attention in S-R compatibility and the Simon effect. In B. Hommel, & W. Prinz (Eds.), Theoretical issues in S-R compatibility (pp. 181-208). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
56. Stoffer, T. H., & Yakin, A. R. (1994). The functional role of attention for spatial coding in the Simon effect. Psychological Research, 56, 151-162.
57. Tipper, S. P., Driver, J., & Weaver, B. (1991). Object-centred inhibition of return of visual attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43a, 289-298.
58. Tipper, S. P., Lortie, C., & Baylis, G. C. (1992). Selective reaching: Evidence for action-centred attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 891-905.
59. Tipper, S. P., Weaver, B., Jerreat, L. M., & Burak, A. L. (1994). Object-based and environment-based inhibition of return of visual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 478-499.
60. Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97-136.
61. Umiltà, C., & Liotti, M. (1987). Egocentric and relative spatial codes in S-R compatibility. Psychological Research, 49, 81-90.
62. Valle-Inclán, F., & Redondo, M. (1998). On the automaticity of ipsilateral response activation in the Simon effect. Psychophysiology, 35, 366-371.
63. Wallace, R. J. (1971). S-R compatibility and the idea of a response code. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 88, 354-360.
64. Whitehead, R., MacKenzie, T., Schliebner, S., & Bachorowski, J. (1997). Effects of precue validity upon performance in the attention cuing paradigm. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 787-798.
65. Yantis, S., & Jonides, J. (1984). Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: evidence from visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 601-621.
66. Yantis, S., & Jonides, J. (1990). Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: voluntary versus automatic allocation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 121-134.
67. Zimba, L. D., & Brito, C. F. (1995). Attention precuing and Simon effects: a test of the attention-coding account of the Simon effect. Psychological Research, 58, 102-118.