Herpes simplex of the ocular anterior segment

Current Clinical Topics in Infectious Diseases

Volumn , Issue 20, 2000, Pages 298-324

  Pavan Langston, Deborah ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID;

AIDS RELATED COMPLEX; CORNEA TRANSPLANTATION; HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; REVIEW; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; KERATITIS, HERPETIC; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 0034565444     PISSN: 01953842     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (164)

1. Cobo M. Ocular Herpes simplex infections. Mayo Clin Proc 1988;63:1154.
2. Liesegang T, Melton JI, Daly P, et al. Epidemiology of ocular Herpes simplex: incidence in Rochester, MN. 1950-1982. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:1160-1166.
3. Pavan-Langston D. Herpetic infections. In: Smolin G, Thoft R, eds. The cornea. 3rd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994:183-214.
4. Pavan-Langston D. Viral disease of the cornea and external eye. In: Albert D, Jakobiec F, eds. Principles and practice of ophthalmology, 2nd ed, vol. 1. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 2000:846-892.
5. Pavan-Langston D. Major ocular viral infections: Herpes simplex, adenovirus, Epstein Barr virus, pox. In: Galasso GJ, Whitley RJ, Merigan TC, eds. Antiviral agents and viral diseases of man. 4th ed. New York: Raven Press, 1997:187-228.
6. Pepose J, Leib D, Stuart M, Easty D. Herpes simplex virus diseases: anterior segment of the eye. In: Pepose J, Holland G, Wilhelmus K, eds. Ocular infection and immunity. St. Louis: Mosby, 1996:905-932.
7. Nahmias A, Roisman B. Infection with Herpes simplex viruses I & II. Part III. N Engl J Med 1973;289:781.
8. Ventura L, Dix R. Viability of Herpes simplex virus type I on the applanation tonometer. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;103:48.
9. Azazi M, Gunilla M, Forsgren M. Late ophthalmologic manifestations of neonatal Herpes simplex virus infection. Am J Ophthalmol 1990;109:1-7.
10. Buddingh G, Schrum D, Lanier J, et al. Studies on the natural history of Herpes simplex infections. Pediatrics 1953;11:595.
11. Smith I, Peutherer J, MacCallum F. The incidence of herpesvirus hominis antibody in the population. J Hyg (Camb) 1967;65:395.
12. Kaye S, Madan N, Dowd T, et al. Ocular herpes virus shedding. Br J Ophthalmol 1990; 74:114.
13. Yamamoto S, Shimomura Y, Kinoshita S, et al. Detection of Herpes simplex virus DNA in human tear film by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;117:160-163.
14. Kaye S, Lynas C, Patterson A, et al. Evidence for Herpes simplex viral latency in the human cornea. Brit J Ophthalmol 1991;75:195-200.
15. Asbell P, Centifanto-Fitzgerald Y, Chandler J, et al. Analysis of viral DNA in isolates from patients with recurrent herpetic keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;25:951.
16. Pavan-Langston D, Rong B, Dunkel E. Extraneuronal herpetic latency: animal and human corneal studies. Acta Ophthalmol 1989;67(suppl 192):135.
17. Rong B, Pavan-Langston D, Weng Q, et al. Detection of HSV thymidine kinase and latency-associated transcript gene expression in human herpetic corneas by polymerase chain reaction. Invest Ophthalmol & Vis Sci 1991;32:1808.
18. Liesegang T. Ocular Herpes simplex infection: pathogenesis and current therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 1988;63:1092.
19. Bell D, Holman R, Pavan-Langston D. Epidemiologic aspect of Herpes simplex keratitis. Ann Ophthalmol 1982;14:421.
20. Shuster J, Kaufman H, Nesbum A. Statistical analysis of the rate of recurrence of herpes virus ocular epithelial disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1981;91:328.
21. Wilhelmus K, Coster D, Donovan H, et al. Prognostic indicators of herpetic keratitis: analysis of a five year observation period after corneal ulceration. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;91:1578.
22. Balfour HJ. Antiviral drugs. New Eng J Med 1999;340:1255-1268.
23. Pavan-Langston D, Dunkel E. Ocular pharmacology of antiviral drugs. In: Tasman W, Jaeger E, eds. Duane's foundations of clinical ophthalmology, vol 2. Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven, 1995:1-24.
24. O'Brien W. Antiviral agents. In: Tabbara K, Hyndiuk R, eds. Infections of the eye. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996:269-280.
25. Snoeck R, DeClercq E. Treatment of Herpes simplex virus infections. Infect Med 1999;16: 249-265.
26. Teich SA, Cheung TW, Friedman AH. Systemic antiviral drugs used in ophthalmology. Surv of Ophthalmol 1992;37:19-53.
27. Coster D, McKinnon J, McGill J, et al. Clinical evaluation of adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine in the treatment of corneal ulcers caused by Herpes simplex virus. J Infect Dis 1976;133(supPl A):173.
28. Coster D, Wilhelmus K, Michaud R, et al. A comparison of acyclovir and idoxuridine as treatment for ulcerative herpetic keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1980;64:763.
29. Hyndiuk R, Classer D. Herpes simplex keratitis. In: Tabbara K, Hyndiuk R, eds. Infections of the eye. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996:361-386.
30. Pavan-Langston D, Buchanan R. Vidarabine therapy of simple and IDU-complicated herpetic keratitis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1976;81:OP 813.
31. Pavan-Langston D, Foster C. Trifluorothymidine and idoxuridine therapy of ocular herpes. Am J Ophthalmol 1977;84:818.
32. Fardeau C, Langlois M, Nugier F, et al. Cross-resistances to antiviral drugs of IUdR-resistant HSV-1 in rabbit keratitis and in vitro. Cornea 1993;12:19-24.
33. Shearer D, Bourne W. Severe ocular anterior segment ischemia after long-term trifluridine treatment for presumed herpetic keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1990;109:346.
34. Langston R, Pavan-Langston D, Dohlman C. Antiviral medication and corneal wound healing. Arch Ophthalmol 1974;92:509.
35. Lass J, Langston R, Foster C, et al. Antiviral medications and corneal wound healing. Antiviral Res 1984;4:143.
36. Barney N, Foster C. A prospective randomized trial of oral acyclovir following penetrating keratoplasty for herpes. Cornea 1994;13:232-236.
37. Colin J, Robinet A, Malet F. Traitement preventif des keratites herpetiques par l'acyclovir en comprimes. J Fr. Ophthalmol 1993;16:6-9.
38. Collum L, Benedict-Smith A, Hillary I. Randomized double-blind trial of acyclovir and idoxuridine in dendritic corneal ulceration. Br J Ophthalmol 1980;64:766.
39. Laibson P, Pavan-Langston D, Yeakley W, et al. Acyclovir and vidarabine for the treatment of Herpes simplex keratitis. Am J Med 1982;73:281.
40. Pavan-Langston D, Lass J, Hettinger M, et al. Acyclovir and vidarabine in the treatment of ulcerative Herpes simplex keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1981;92:829.
41. Simon A, Pavan-Langston D. Long-term oral acyclovir therapy: effect on recurrent infectious Herpes simplex keratitis in patients with and without grafts. Ophthalmology 1996;103: 1399-1405.
42. Hovding G. A comparison between acyclovir and trifluorothymidine ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of epithelial herpetic keratitis. Acta Ophthalmol 1989;67:51-54.
43. La Lau C, Oosterhuis J, Versteeg J, et al. Acyclovir and thrifluorotliymidine in herpetic keratitis - a multicenter trial. Br J Ophthalmol 1982;66:506-508.
44. Collum L, Akhtar J, McGettrick P. Oral acyclovir in herpetic keratitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1985;104:629.
45. Hung S, Patterson A, Rees P. Pharmacokinetics of oral acyclovir (Zovirax) in the eye. Br J Ophthalmol 1984;68:192-195.
46. Schwab I. Oral acyclovir in the management of Herpes simplex ocular infections. Ophthalmol 1988;95:423.
47. Goldberg L, Kaufman R, Kurtz T, et al. Continuous five-year treatment of patients with frequently recurring genital Herpes simplex virus infection with acyclovir. J Med Virol 1993;1:45-50.
48. Mindel A. Long-term clinical and psychological management of genital herpes. J Med Virol 1993;1:39-44.
49. Fife K, Crumpacker C, Mertz G, et al. Recurrence and resistance patterns of Herpes simplex virus following cessation of >6 years of chronic suppression with acyclovir. J Infect Dis 1994;169:1338-1341.
50. Spruance S, Stewart J, Rowe N, et al. Treatment of recurrent Herpes simplex labialis with oral acyclovir. J Infect Dis 1990;161:185.
51. Barron B, Shimeld C, Claoue C, et al. The Herpetic Eye Disease Study: a controlled trial of acyclovir in steroid-treated Herpes simplex stromal keratitis. Ophthalmology 1994:1871-1882.
52. Wilhelmus K, Gee L, Hauck W, et al. Herpetic Eye Disease Study: a controlled trial of topical cortcosteroids for Herpes simplex stromal keratitis. Ophthalmology 1994;101: 1883-1896.
53. Sanitato J, Asbell P, Vamell E, et al. Acyclovir in the treatment of herpetic stromal disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1984;98:537.
54. HEDS HEDSG. A controlled trial of oral acyclovir for the prevention of stromal keratitis or iritis in patients with Herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:703-712.
55. HEDS HEDSG. Acyclovir for the prevention of recurrent Herpes simplex virus eye disease. New Engl J Med 1998;339:300-341.
56. Manka R. Exogenous lactase in the treatment of oral acyclovir intolerance. Am J Ophthalmol 1989;108:733.
57. Boyd M, Safrin S, Kern E. Penciclovir: a review of spectrum of activity, selectivity, and cross-resistance pattern. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1993;4(suppl 1):25-36.
58. Vere Hodge R, Cheng Y-C. The mode of action of penciclovir. Antiviral Agents Chemother 1993;4(suppl 1):13-24.
59. Diaz-Mitoma F, Ruben M, Sacks S, et al. Detection of viral DNA to evaluate outcome of antiviral treatment of patients with recurrent genital herpes. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34: 657-663.
60. Cirelli R, Herne K, McCrary M, et al. Famciclovir: review of clinical efficacy and safety. Antiviral Res 1996;29:141-151.
61. Sacks S, Aoki F, Diaz-Mitoma F, et al. Patient-initiated twice-daily oral famciclovir for early recurrent genital herpes. JAMA 1996;276:44-49.
62. Mertz G, Loveless M, Levin MKS, et al. Oral famiciclovir for suppression of recurrent genital Herpes simplex virus infection in women A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 1997;10: 343-349.
63. Mertz G, Eron L, Kaufman R, et al. Prolonged continuous versus intermittent oral acyclovir treatment in normal adults with frequently recurring genital Herpes simplex virus infection. Am J Med 1988;85:14-19.
64. Weller S, Blum M, Smiley M. Phase I pharmacokinetics of the acyclovir prodrug, valacyclovir. Antivir Res 1993;20(suppl 1):144.
65. Pepose J. The potential impact of varicella vaccine and new antivirals on ocular disease related to varicella-zoster virus. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;123:243-249.
66. Bodsworth N, Crooks R, Borelli S, et al. Valaciclovir versus aciclovir in patient initiated treatment of recurrent genital herpes. Genitourin Med 1997;73:110-116.
67. Perry C, Faulds D. Valaciclovir: a review of itrs antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Drugs 1996;52:754-772.
68. Foster CS. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. In: Lamberts D, Potter D, eds. Clinical ophthalmologic pharmacology. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987: 173.
69. Kleinert R. Corticosteroid use in ocular infectious disease. In: Tabbara K, Hyndiuk R, eds. Infections of the eye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986:293.
70. Kleinert R, Palmer M. Antiinflammatory agents. In: Tabbara K, Hyndiuk R, eds. Infections of the eye. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996:301-322.
71. Pavan-Langston D, Dunkel E. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Handbook of ocular drug therapy and ocular side effects of systemic drugs. 1st ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991:182.
72. Abel R, Taravella MJ, Forstot S. Calcific band keratopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1991; 109:1072.
73. Pavan-Langston D. Band keratopathy secondary to Herpes simplex or topical corticosteroid (letter). Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112: 579.
74. Bastian F, Rabson A, Yee C, et al. Herpesvirvs hominus: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion. Science 1972;178:306.
75. Baringer J, Swoveland P. Recovery of Herpes simplex virus from human trigeminal ganglions. N Engl J Med 1973;288:648.
76. Claoue C, Hill T, Blyth W, et al. Clinical findings after zosteriform spread of Herpes simplex virus to the eye of the mouse. Curr Eye Res 1987;6:281.
77. Sabbaga E, Pavan-Langston D, Bean K, et al. Detection of HSV nucleic acid sequences in the cornea during acute and latent ocular disease. Exp Eye Res 1988;47:545.
78. Kaufman H, Centifanto-Fitzgerald Y, Varnell E. Herpes simplex keratitis. Ophthalmol 1983;90:700.
79. Spear P. Glycoproteins specified by Herpes simplex viruses. In: Roizman B, ed. The herpesviruses, vol. 3. New York: Plenum Press, 1985:315.
80. Tullo A, Cupes D, Klapper P, et al. Analysis of glycoproteins expressed by isolates of Herpes simplex virus causing different forms of keratitis in man. Curr Eye Res 1987; 6:33-38.
81. Dawson C, Togni B, Moore T Jr. Structural changes in chronic herpetic keratitis: studied by light and electron microscopy. Arch Ophthalmol 1968;79:740.
82. Easty D, Shimeld C, Claoue C, et al. Herpes simplex virus isolation in chronic stromal keratitis: human and laboratory studies. Curr Eye Res 1987;6:69.
83. Hogan M. Corneal transplantation in the treatment of herpetic disease of the cornea. Am J Ophthalmol 1957;43:147.
84. Holbach L, Font R, Naumann G. Herpes simplex stromal and endothelial keratiti's. Ophthalmol 1990;97:722.
85. Pavan-Langston D, Nesburn AB. The chronology of primary Herpes simplex infection of the eye and adnexal glands. Arch Ophthalmol 1968;80:258-264.
86. Brik D, Dunkel E, Pavan-Langston D. Persistant Herpes simplex virus in the corneal stroma despite topical and systemic antiviral therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;111:522-527.
87. Blyth W, Hill T, Field H, et al. Reactivation of Herpes simplex virus infection by ultraviolet light and possible involvement of prostaglandins. J Gen Virol 1976;33:547.
88. Baringer J. The virology of Herpes simplex virus infection in humans. Surv Ophthalmol 1976;21:171.
89. Klein R. Pathogenic mechanisms of recurrent Herpes simplex virus infections. Arch Virol 1976;51:1.
90. Kwon B, Gangarosa L, Burch K, et al. Induction of ocular Herpes simplex virus shedding by iontophoresis of epinephrine into rabbit cornea. Invest Ophthalmol 1981; 21:442.
91. Laibson P, Kilbrick S. Reactivation of herpetic keratitis by epinephrine in rabbit. Arch Ophthalmol 1966;75:254.
92. Nesburn A, Dickenson M, Radnoti M, et al. Experimental reactivation of ocular Herpes simplex in rabbits. Surv Ophthalmol 1976;21: 185.
93. Openshaw H, Asher L, Wohlenberg C, et al. Acute and latent infection of sensory ganglia with Herpes simplex virus: immune control and virus reactivation. J Gen Virol 1979;44: 205.
94. Pepose J, Laycock K, Miller J, et al. Reactivation of latent Herpes simplex virus by excimer laser photokeratectomy. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;114:45-50.
95. Vrabec M, Durrie D, Chase D. Recurrence of Herpes simplex after excimer laser keratectomy. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;114:96-97.
96. Kaufman H, Brown D, Ellison E. Recurrent herpes in the rabbit and man. Science 1967; 156:1628.
97. Centifanto Y, Little J, Kaufman H. Relationship between virus chemotherapy, secretory antibody formation and recurrent herpetic disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 1973;173:649.
98. Hammer H, Dobozy A. Cell mediated immunity to herpes virus type I in patients with recurrent corneal Herpes simplex. Acta Ophthalmol 1980;58:161.
99. Meyers R, Chitjian P. Immunology of herpesvirus infection: immunity to Herpes simplex virus in eye infections. Surv Ophthalmol 1976;21:194.
100. Kodama T, Hayasaka S, Setogawa T. Immunofluorescent staining and corneal sensitivity in patients suspected of having Herpes simplex keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;113:187.
101. Ahonen R, Vannas A. Clinical comparison between Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster ocular infections. In: Maudgal P, Missotten L, eds. Herpetic eye diseases. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Fr. W. Junk, 1985:389.
102. Pavan-Langston D, McCulley J. Herpes zoster dendritic keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1973;89:25.
103. Baum J. Morphogenesis of the dendritic figure in Herpes simplex keratitis: a negative study. Am J Ophthalmol 1970;70:722.
104. Cavanagh H. Herpetic ocular disease: therapy of persistent epithelial defects. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1975;15:67.
105. Kaufman H. Epithelial erosion syndrome: metaherpetic keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1964;57:983.
106. VanBijsterveld O, deKoning E. Trophic herpetic corneal ulcers. In: Blodi F, ed. Herpes simplex infections of the eye. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1984:29.
107. Kaufman H, Uotila M, Gasset A, et al. The medical uses of soft contact lenses. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1971;75:361.
108. Lass J, Berman M, Campbell R, et al. Treatment of experimental herpetic interstitial keratitis with medroxyprogesterone. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:520.
109. Refojo M, Dohlman C, Koliopoulos J. Adhesives in ophthalmology: a review. Surv Ophthalmol 1971;15:217.
110. Jones B, Falcon M, Williams H, et al. Symposium on Herpes simplex eye disease: objectives in therapy. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1977;97:305.
111. Meyers-Elliott R, Pettit T, Maxwell W. Viral antigens in the immune ring of Herpes simplex stromal keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:897.
112. Meyers-Elliott R, et al. HLA antigens in herpes stromal keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1980;89:54.
113. Pepose J. Herpes simplex keratitis: role of viral infection versus immune response. Survey Ophthalmol 1991;35:345-352.
114. Sundmacher R, Neumann-Haefelin D. Herpes simplex virus isolations from the aqueous of patients suffering from focal iritis, endotheliitis, and prolonged disciform keratitis with glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 1981;27: 342.
115. Sutcliffe E, Baum J. Acute idiopathic corneal endotheliitis. Ophthalinol 1984;91:1161.
116. Sundmacher R, Neumann-Haefelin D. Herpes simplex virus isolation from the aqueous of patients suffering from focal iritis, endotheliitis and prolonged disciform keratitis with glaucoma. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1979;175:488.
117. Tullo A, Easty D, Shimeld C, et al. Isolation of Herpes simplex virus from corneal discs of patients with chronic stromal keratitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1985;104:159.
118. Cohen E, Laibson P, Arentsen J. Corneal transplantation for Herpes simplex keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1983;95:645.
119. Langston R, Pavan-Langston D, Dohlman C. Penetrating keratoplasty for herpetic keratitis: prognostic and therapeutic determinants. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1975;79:577.
120. Weiss N, Jones B. Problems of corneal grafting in herpetic keratitis. Ciba Found Symp 1973;15:220.
121. Robin J, Stergner J, Kaufman H. Progressive herpetic corneal endotheliitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;100:336.
122. Vannas A, Ahonen R. Herpetic endothelial keratitis. Acta Ophthalmol 1981;59:296.
123. Cheng C, Chang S, Hu F. Acyclovir treatment for linear endotheliitis on grafted corneas. Cornea 1995;14:311-315.
124. Ohashi Y, Yamamoto S, Nishida K, et al. Demonstration of Herpes simplex virus DNA in idiopathic corneal endotheliopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;112:419-423.
125. Pavan-Langston D, Brockhurst R. Herpes simplex panuveitis: a clinical report. Arch Ophthalmol 1969;81:783.
126. Pavan-Langston D, Dohlman C, Geary P, et al. Intraocular penetration of Ara A and IDU-therapeutic implications in clinical herpetic uveitis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1973;77:OP 455.
127. Collin H, Abelson M. Herpes simplex virus in human cornea, retrocorneal fibrous membrane and vitreous. Arch Ophthalmol 1976; 94:1726.
128. Sundmacher R. A clinico-virologic classification of herpetic anterior segment disease with special reference to intraocular herpes. In: Sundmacher R, ed. Herpetic eye disease. Munich: J. F. Bergmann Verlag, 1981:203.
129. Nimura M, Nishikawa T. Treatment of eczema herpeticum with oral acyclovir. Am J Med 1988;85:49-54.
130. Novelli V, Atherton D, Marshall W. Eczema herpeticum. Clin Pediatr 1988;27: 231-234.
131. Pepose JS. External ocular herpesvirus infections in immunodeficiency. Curr Eye Research 1991;10(suppl):87-95.
132. Binder P. Review of treatment of ocular Herpes simplex infections in the neonate and immunocompromised host. Cornea 1985;3: 178.
133. Young T, Robin J, Holland G, et al. Herpes simplex keratitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ophthalmol 1989;96:1476.
134. Kaplan MH, Sadick N, McNutt NS, et al. Dermatologic findings and manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:485-506.
135. Leyden J, Baker B. Localized Herpes simplex infections in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:311-314.
136. Margolis T, Ostler B. Treatment of ocular disease in eczema herpeticum. Am J Ophthalmol 1990;110:274.
137. Vestey J, Howie S, Norval M, et al. Immune responses to Herpes simplex virus in patients with facial Herpes simplex and those with eczema herpeticum. Br. J Dermatol 1988; 118:775-779.
138. Garrity J, Liesegang T. Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis. Can J Ophthalmol 1984; 19:21.
139. Wilhelmus K, Falcon M, Jones B. Bilateral herpetic keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1981;65: 385.
140. Mines J, Kaplan H. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): the disease and its ocular manifestations, Int Ophthal Clin 1986;26:73-85.
141. Schuman J, Orellana J, Friedman A, et al. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol 1987;31:384-395.
142. Rosenwasser G, Greene W. Simultaneous Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 keratitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;113:102-103.
143. Hodge W, Margolis T. Herpes simplex virus keratitis among patients who are positive or negative for human immunodeficiency virus. Ophthalmology 1997;104:120-124.
144. Hodge W, Seiff S, Margolis T. Ocular opportunistic infection incidences among patients who are HIV positive compared to patients who are HIV negative. Ophthalmol. 1998; 105:895-900.
145. Temesgen Z, Wright A. Recent advances in the management of human immunodefieiency virus infection. Mayo Cl Proc 1997;72:854-859.
146. Corey L, Holmes K. Therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection - what have we learned? New Engl J Med 1996;335: 1142-1144.
147. Ramos-Gomez F, Greenspan D, Oleske J. Pediatric HIV: orofacial manifestations. In: Oleske J, Denny T, eds. Proceedings of the Pediatric HIV Forum, vol. 2. Newark: N.J. Medical School, 1994:1-5.
148. Balfour H. Resistance of Herpes simplex to acyclovir. Ann Int Med 1983;98:404.
149. Hirsch MS, Schooley RT. Resistance to antiviral drugs: the end of innocence. N Engl J Med 1989;320:313-314.
150. Jacobson MA, Berger TG, Fikrig S, et al. Acyclovir-resistant varicella zoster virus infection after chronic oral acyclovir therapy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Int Med 1990;112: 187-191.
151. Ehrlich K, Mills J, Chatis P, et al. Acyclovirresistant Herpes simplex virus infections in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1989;320:293.
152. Sonkin P, Baratz K, Frothingham R, Cobo L. Acyclovir-resistant Herpes simplex virus keratouveitis after penetrating keratoplasty. Ophthalmology 1992;99:1805-1808.
153. Safrin S, Elbeik T, Mills J. A rapid screen test for in vitro susceptibility of clinical Herpes simplex virus isolates. J Infect Dis 1994;169: 879-882.
154. Minkovitz J, Pepose J. Topical interferon alplia-2A treatment of Herpes simplex keratitis resistant to multiple antiviral medications in an immunostippressed patient. Cornea 1995;14:326-330.
155. Ficker L, Kirkncss C, Rice N, et al. Changing management and improved prognosis for corneal grafting and Herpes simplex keratitis. Ophthalmol 1989;96:1587.
156. Epstein R, Seedor J, Dreizen N, et al. Penetrating keratoplasty for Herpes simplex keratitis and keratoconus: allograft rejection and survival. Ophthalmology 1987;94:935-944.
157. Rapuano C, Cohen E, Brady S, et al. Indications for and outcomes of repeat penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol 1990; 109:689-695.
158. Mathers W, Jester J, Lemp M. Return of human corneal sensitivity after penetrating keratoplasty. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106: 210-211.
159. Boisjoly H, Roy R, Dube I, et al. HLA-A, B and DR matching in corneal transplantation. Ophthalmology 1986;93:1290.
160. Fine M, Cignetti F. Penetrating keratoplasty in Herpes simplex keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1977;95:1755.
161. Cobo L, Coster D, Rice N, et al. Prognosis and management of corneal transplantation for herpetic keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98:1755.
162. Rice N, Jones B. Problems of corneal grafting in herpetic keratitis. In: Jones B, ed. Corneal graft failure, Ciba Foundation Symposium 15. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1973: 221.
163. Mannis M, Plotnik R, Schwab I, Newton R. Herpes simplex dendritic keratitis after keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111: 480-484.
164. Cleator G, Klapper P, Dennett C, et al. Corneal donor infection by Herpes simplex virus: Herpes simplex virus DNA in donor corneas. Cornea 1994;13:294-304.