Valaciclovir: A review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections

Drugs

Volumn 52, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 754-772

  Perry, Caroline M ^a   Faulds, Diana ^a  

^a ADIS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; FAMCICLOVIR; VALACICLOVIR; VALINE;

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GENITAL HERPES; HEADACHE; HERPES; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HERPES ZOSTER; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; KIDNEY DISEASE; LIVER DISEASE; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PAIN; RECURRENT INFECTION; REVIEW; SKIN INFECTION; VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS; VIRUS SHEDDING; VOMITING;

HERPES; HERPES ZOSTER; HERPESVIRIDAE; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 1; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 2; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 3;

EID: 0029842170     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199652050-00009     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Crooks RJ, Murray A. Valaciclovir - a review of a promising new antiherpes agent. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1994; 5 Suppl. 1: 31-7
2. Wagstaff AJ, Faulds D, Goa KL. Aciclovir: a reappraisal of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1994; 47 (1): 153-205
3. Darby G. Acyclovir - and beyond. J Int Med Res 1994; 22 Suppl. 1: 33A-42A
4. Youle MS, Gazzard BG, Johnson MA. Effects of high-dose acyclovir on herpesvirus disease and survival in patients with advanced HIV disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. AIDS 1994 May; 8: 641-9
5. Prentice HG, Gluckman E, Powles RL, et al. Impact of long-term acyclovir on cytomegalovirus infection and survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Lancet 1994; 343: 749-53
6. Balfour Jr. HH, Chace BA, Stapleton JT, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral acyclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in recipients of renal allografts. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1381-7
7. Balfour Jr HH, Kelly JM, Suarez CS, et al. Acyclovir treatment of varicella in otherwise healthy children. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 633-9
8. Balfour Jr HH, Rotbart HA, Feldman S, et al. Acyclovir treatment of varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents. J Pediatr 1992; 120: 627-33
9. Dunkle LM, Arvin AM, Whitley RJ, et al. A controlled trial of acyclovir for chickenpox in normal children. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1539-44
10. Balfour Jr HH. Clinical aspects of chickenpox and herpes zoster. J Int Med Res 1994; 22 Suppl. 1: 3A-13A
11. O'Brien JJ, Campoli-Richards DM. Acyclovir: an updated review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1989; 37: 233-309
12. Vere Hodge RA, Cheng Y-C. The mode of action of penciclovir Antiviral Chem Chemother 1993; 4 Suppl. 1: 13-24
13. Bacon TH, Schinazi RF. An overview of the further evaluation of penciclovir against herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus in cell culture highlighting contrasts with acyclovir. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1993; 4 Suppl. 1: 25-36
14. Glaxo Wellcome. Valaciclovir Prescribing Information. US, 1995
15. Littler E. Safety and efficacy issues of herpesvirus drugs. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1994; 5 Suppl. 1: 11-6
16. Perry CM, Wagstaff AJ. Famciclovir: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Drugs 1995; 50 (2): 396-415
17. Field HJ, Tewari D, Sutton D, et al. Comparison of efficacies of famciclovir and valaciclovir against herpes simplex virus type I in a murine immunosuppression model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995 May; 39: 1114-9
18. Larder BA, Darby G. Virus drug-resistance: Mechanisms and consequences. Antiviral Res 1984; 4: 1-42
19. Darby G, Field HJ, Salisbury SA. Altered substrate specificity of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase confers acyclovir-resistance. Nature 1981; 289: 81-3
20. Snoeck R, Andrei G, De Clercq E. Chemotherapy of varicella zoster virus infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1994 Aug; 4: 211-26
21. Collins P, Nixon Ellis M. Sensitivity monitoring of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus to acyclovir. J Med Virol 1993 Suppl. 1: 58-66
22. Boyd MR, Safrin S, Kern ER. Penciclovir: a review of its spectrum of activity, selectivity and cross-resistance pattern. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1993; 4 Suppl. 1: 3-11
23. Burnette TC, Harrington JA, Reardon JE, et al. Purification and characterisation of a rat liver enzyme that hydrolyzes valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir. J Biol Chem 1995; 270 (26): 15827-31
24. Soul-Lawton J, Seaber E, On N, et al. Absolute bioavailability and metabolic disposition of valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, following oral administration to humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995 Dec; 39: 2759-64
25. Weller S, Blum MR, Doucette M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of the acyclovir pro-drug valaciclovir after escalating single- and multiple-dose administration to normal volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993 Dec; 54: 595-605
26. Wang LH, Schultz M, Weller S. Pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple-dose valaciclovir in geriatric volunteers with and without concomitant diuretic therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996 Jan; 40: 80-5
27. First MR, Blum MR, Brennan P, et al. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of 256U87, an acyclovir (ACV) prodrug in renal transplant (RTX) patients [abstract]. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993 Feb; 53: 238
28. On NT, Ehninger G, Gluckman E, et al. Acyclovir pharmacokinetics following oral multiple-dose of valaciclovir (Valtrex™) in allogeneic BMT patients [abstract]. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995 Mar; 15 Suppl. 2: S122
29. Jacobson MA, Gallant J, Wang LH, et al. Phase I trial of valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. Antimicroh Agents Chemother 1994 Jul; 38: 1534-40
30. Coakley D, Weller S, Blum MR et al. Valtrex(Rm) (valaciclovir) administration achieves increased acyclovir concentrations in multiple populations [abstract]. Pharmacotherapy 1994 May-Jun; 14: 373
31. Posner J, Soul-Lawton J, Weller S, et al. Valtrex (Rm) (valaciclovir) - bioavailability in different patient populations [abstract]. Can J Infect Dis 1995 Jul; 6 Suppl. C: 287C
32. de Miranda P, Blum MR. Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after intravenous and oral administration. J Antimicrob Chemother 1983; 12 Suppl. B: 29-37
33. Obenshain MK, Warwick JC, Weller S, et al. The absence of a food effect on acyclovir (ACV) bioavailabilily from a single Valtrex™ (VACV) dose. Pharm Res 1994; 11 Suppl. 10: S435
34. Blum MR, Liao SHT, de Miranda P. Overview of aciclovir disposition in adults and children. Am J Med 1982; 73 Suppl.: 186-92
35. Carrington D. Prospects for improved efficacy with antiviral prodrugs: will valaciclovir and famciclovir meet the clinical challenge? Int Antiviral News 1994 Apr; 2: 50-3
36. Rolan P. Pharmacokinetics of new antiherpetic agents. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995 Nov; 29: 333-40
37. de Miranda P, Burnette TC, Smith C, et al. Mechanisms of the enhanced oral bioavailability of acyclovir with the prodrug valacyclovir HCI (Valtrex™) [abstract]. 34th International Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1994 Oct 4-7; Orlando, 83
38. de Bony F, Bidault R, Peck R, et al. Lack of interaction between valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, and Maalox antacid. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996 Feb; 37: 383-7
39. Soul-Lawton J, Chan PQ, Posner J, et al. Lack of interaction between valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of aciclovir, and digoxin. 7th International Congress for Infectious Diseases. 1996 June 10-13; Hong Kong, 40
40. Rolan PE, Malliot F, On NT, et al. The effects of cimetidine and probenecid on the conversion of a valine ester of acyclovir, 256U, to acyclovir and acyclovir renal clearance in healthy volunteers [abstract]. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993 May; 35: 533P
41. Herne K, Cirelli R, Lee P, et al. Antiviral therapy of acute herpes zoster in older patients. Drugs Aging 1996 Feb; 8: 97-112
42. Beutner K. Herpes zoster in the elderly. J Geriatr Drug Ther 1995; 10 (2): 25-51
43. Beutner KR, Friedman DJ, Forszpaniak C, et al. Valaciclovir compared with aciclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995 Jul; 39: 1546-53
44. Jeffries D, Barton S, Johnson R, et al. Issues in herpes management. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1994; 5 Suppl. 1: 23-9
45. Smiley ML, The International Valaciclovir Zoster Study Group. The efficacy and safety of valaciclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster. 33rd International Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1993 Oct 17-20; New Orleans, 340
46. Johnson RW, Crooks RJ, The International Valaciclovir Zoster Study Group. The clinical efficacy of valaciclovir in the treatment of herpes zosier [abstract]. J Europ Acad Dermatol and Venereol 1994; 5 Suppl. 1: S75.
47. Murray AB. Valaciclovir - an improvement over aciclovir for the treatment of zoster. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1995; 6 Suppl. 1: 34-8
48. Fife KH. International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Valaciclovir or acyclovir for the treatment of first episode genital herpes [abstract]. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1995 Sep 17-20; San Francisco, 243
49. Patel R, Delehanty J. Valaciclovir for the treatment of first episode genital herpes. 1st European Congress of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 1996 May 14-17, Glasgow
50. Spruance SL, Tyring SK, DeGregorio B, et al. A large-scale placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of peroral valaciclovir for episodic treatment of recurrent herpes genitalis. Arch Intern Med 1996 Aug 12/26; 156: 1729-35
51. International VHSVSG, Smiley ML. Valaciclovir and acyclovir for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections [abstract]. 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1993 Oct 17-20; New Orleans, 341
52. GlaxoWellcome plc. Regulatory Submission report BQRT/ 95/0011
53. Kinghorn GI, Fiddian AP, The International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Prevention of lesion development in recurrent genital herpes with oral valaciclovir [abstract]. J Europ Acad Dermat Venereol 1995; 5 Suppl. 1: no. P187, S162.
54. Woolley P, Crooks RJ. The International Valaciclovir HSV Group. Prevention of vesicular lesions in recurrent genital herpes with oral valaciclovir. 1st European Congress of Chemotherapy. 1996 May 14-17; Glasgow, W117
55. Aoki F, Valtrex (valaciclovir) for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes. Can J Infect Dis. 1995 Jul; 6: 287C.
56. Safrin S, International VHSVSG, et al. Valtrex (valaciclovir, VACV) for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes [abstract]. Antiviral Res 1995 Mar; 26: A234
57. de Ruiter A, Thin RN. Genital herpes: a guide to pharmacological therapy. Drugs 1994; 47 (2): 297-304
58. Ruhnek-Forsbek M, Sandstrom E, et al. Treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex infection with oral acyclovir. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985; 16: 621-8
59. Patel R, Crooks RJ, Bell AR, et al. Once-daily valaciclovir for suppresion of recurrent genital herpes - the first placebo-controlled clinical trial. 1st European Congress of Chemotherapy. 1996 May 14-17, Glasgow
60. Drucker JL, Miller JM, International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Once-daily valaciclovir sustains the suppressive efficacy and safety record of aciclovir in recurrent genital herpes. European Congress of Chemotherapy. 1996 May 14-17; Glasgow, W118
61. Feinberg J, Cooper D, Hurwitz S. Phase III study of valaciclovir (VACV) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in patients with advanced HIV disease [abstract]. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1995 Sep 17-20; San Francisco, 243
62. Feinberg J, Cooper D, Hurwitz S. Phase III International Study of Valaciclovir (VACV) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in patients with advanced HIV disease. 11th International Conference on AIDS. 1996 Jul 7-12; Vancouver, 225.
63. Sacks SL, Alrabiah F. Novel herpes treatment: a review. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1996; 5 (2): 169-83
64. Mortality Morbidity Weekly Report. 1993 Oct 22; 42 (41): 306
65. Glaxo Wellcome. Valaciclovir Prescribing Information. UK. Nov 1995
66. Conlon CP, Herpes Zoster. Prescr J 1995; 35 (2): 46-52
67. Hong W, Cousins M. Postherpetic neuralgia: Is it preventable and treatable? Mod Med Aust 1996; 39 (3): 84-7
68. Goldmeier D, Johnson A, Byrne M, et al. Psychosocial implications of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections. Genitourin Med 1988; 64: 327-30
69. Manne S, Sandler I. Coping and adjustment to genital herpes. J Behav Med 1984; 7: 391-410
70. Beauchamp LM, Krenitsky TA. Acyclovir prodrugs: the road to valaciclovir. Drugs Future 1993 Jul; 18: 619-28