메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 1353-1370

Hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 OXOGLUTARIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMMONIA; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BENZOIC ACID; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID; LACTULOSE; MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACID; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NEUROTOXIN; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTOR; ORNITHINE ASPARTATE; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; SEROTONIN; SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID; THIOL DERIVATIVE;

EID: 0034522210     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200060060-00008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (91)

References (134)
  • 3
    • 0002382719 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia detoxication and glutamine metabolism in severe liver disease and its role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Häussinger D, Sies H, editors. Glutamin metabolism in mammalian tissues. Heidelberg: Springer
    • (1984) , pp. 257-277
    • Gerok, W.1    Häussinger, D.2
  • 4
    • 0002229792 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal effects of ammonia
    • Soeters PD, Wilson J, Meijer AF, editors. Advances in ammonia metabolism and hepatic encephalopathy. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing
    • (1988) , pp. 349-355
    • Raabe, W.1
  • 7
    • 73649205912 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the blood ammonia in liver disease: Its diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance
    • (1963) Ann Intern Med , vol.58 , pp. 1-24
    • Stahl, J.1
  • 9
    • 0015978511 scopus 로고
    • Synergism between mecaptans and ammonia or fatty acids in the production of coma: A possible role for mercaptans in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
    • (1974) J Lab Clin Med , vol.83 , pp. 16-28
    • Zieve, L.1    Doizaki, W.M.2    Zieve, J.3
  • 12
    • 4244149537 scopus 로고
    • Hepatogene encephalopathie
    • Gerok W, editor. Hepatologie. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg
    • (1987) , pp. 612-624
    • Häussinger, D.1
  • 20
    • 0018688868 scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonemia, plasma amino acid imbalance and blood-brain amino acid transport: A unified theory of portal-systemic encephalopathy
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 772-775
    • James, J.H.1    Zipparo, V.2    Jeppson, B.3
  • 22
  • 25
    • 0017665031 scopus 로고
    • Can hepatic coma be caused by a reduction of brain noradrenaline or dopamine?
    • (1977) Gut , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 688-691
    • Zieve, L.1    Olsen, R.L.2
  • 33
    • 0006624646 scopus 로고
    • Neuro-psychiatric complications following chlorothiazide therapy in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: Possible relation to hypokalaemia
    • (1959) Clin Sci , vol.18 , pp. 409
    • Read, A.F.1    Laidlaw, J.2    Haslam, R.M.3
  • 37
    • 17344366697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portosystemic hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis: Clinical, laboratory, psychometric and electroencephalographic investigations
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 1215-1225
    • Nolte, W.1    Wiltfang, J.2    Schindler, C.3
  • 47
    • 0022469044 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis and prevalence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in apparently ambulant non-shunted patients with cirrhosis
    • (1986) J Hepatol , vol.3 , pp. 75-82
    • Gillen, W.1
  • 52
    • 0017645699 scopus 로고
    • Trailmaking and number connection test in the assessment of mental state in portal systemic encephalopathy
    • (1977) Am J Dig Dis , vol.22 , pp. 541-550
    • Conn, H.O.1
  • 54
    • 0001900005 scopus 로고
    • Differences in neuropsychological test performance associated with age, education and sex
    • Grant J, Adams K, editors. Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders. New York: Oxford University Press
    • (1986) , pp. 100-120
    • Heaton, R.K.1    Grant, I.2    Metthews, C.3
  • 73
    • 0342981538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI findings in chronic hepatic encephalopathy depend on portosystemic shunt: Results of a controlled prospective clinical investigation
    • (1997) J Hepatol , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-126
    • Krieger, S.1    Jauss, M.2    Jansen, O.3
  • 74
    • 0032171540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bright basal ganglia in T1-weighted magnetic resonance images are frequent in patients with portal vein thrombosis without liver cirrhosis and not suggestive of hepatic encephalopathy
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 443-449
    • Nolte, W.1    Wiltfang, J.2    Schindler, C.3
  • 77
    • 0002165529 scopus 로고
    • Dietary management of portal-systemic encephalopathy
    • Conn HO, Bircher J, editors. Hepatic encephalopathy syndromes and therapies. Bloomington: Medi-Ed Press
    • (1994) , pp. 331-349
    • Uribe, M.1    Conn, H.O.2
  • 84
    • 0021258341 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of dietary protein with an oral, branched chain-enriched amino acid supplement in chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: A randomized controlled trial
    • (1984) Hepatology , vol.4 , pp. 279-287
    • Horst, D.1    Grace, N.D.2    Conn, H.O.3
  • 86
    • 0023184945 scopus 로고
    • Acidifying enemas (lactilol and lactulose) vs. nonacidifying enemas (tap water) to treat acute portalsystemic encephalopathy: A double-blind randomized trial
    • (1987) Hepatology , vol.7 , pp. 629-634
    • Uribe, M.1    Campollo, O.2    Vargas, F.3
  • 89
    • 0002312778 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials of nonabsorbable disaccharide therapy in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Conn HO, Bircher J, editors. Hepatic encephalopathy: syndromes and therapies. Bloomington: Medi-Ed Press
    • (1994) , pp. 209-218
    • Orlandi, F.1    Brunelli, E.2    Benedetti, A.3
  • 90
    • 2742579420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactulose and combination therapy of hepatic encephalopathy: The role of the intestinal microflora
    • (1996) Dig Dis Sci , vol.14 , pp. 53-63
    • Fredrick, L.1    Weber, J.2
  • 92
    • 0023552427 scopus 로고
    • Lactilol versus lactulose in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: A double-blind randomised trial
    • (1987) Hepatology , vol.7 , pp. 1278-1284
    • Morgan, M.Y.1    Hawley, K.E.2
  • 95
    • 0031787095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of carbohydrate maldigestion induced by a disaccharidase inhibitor (AO-128) in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
    • (1998) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1099-1106
    • Uribe, M.1    Moran, S.2    Poo, J.L.3
  • 101
    • 0027212359 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, double-dummy comparison between treatment with rifaximin and lactulose in patients with medium to severe degree hepatic encephalopathy
    • (1993) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.13 , pp. 109-118
    • Bucci, L.1    Palmieri, G.C.2
  • 102
    • 0025336699 scopus 로고
    • Successful use of vancomycin hydrochloride in the treatment of lactulose-resistent chronic hepatic encephalopathy
    • (1990) Gut , vol.31 , pp. 702-706
    • Tarao, K.1    Ikeda, T.2    Hayashi, K.3
  • 107
    • 0034080696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased availability of central benzodiazepine receptors in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy and alcohol relate cirrhosis
    • (2000) Gut , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 546-552
    • Jalan, R.1    Turjanski, N.2    Teijeira, J.M.3
  • 111
    • 7344248987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flumazenil for hepatic encephalopathy grade III and IVa in patients with cirrhosis: An Italian multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 374-378
    • Barbaro, G.1    Di Lorenzo, G.2    Soldini, M.3
  • 118
    • 0027715183 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ornithine aspartate on plasma ammonia and plasma amino acids in patients with cirrhosis: A double-blind, randomized study using a four-fold crossover design
    • (1993) J Hepatol , vol.19 , pp. 424-430
    • Staedt, U.1    Leweling, H.2    Gladisch, R.3
  • 119
    • 0031003989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate infusions in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy: Results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.25 , pp. 1351-1360
    • Kircheis, G.1    Nilius, R.2    Held, C.3
  • 120
    • 0001216865 scopus 로고
    • Omithine-L-aspartate in the treatment of hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Conn HO, Bircher J, editors. Hepatic encephalopathy: syndromes and therapies. Bloomington: Medi-Ed Press
    • (1994) , pp. 373-383
    • Kircheis, G.1    Quack, G.E.H.2
  • 127
    • 0033841619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging and (1) H spectroscopy of brain metabolites in hepatic encephalopathy: Time-course of renormalization after liver transplantation
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.216 , Issue.3 , pp. 683-691
    • Naegele, T.1    Grodd, W.2    Viebahn, R.3
  • 130
    • 0027507044 scopus 로고
    • Hyperintense globus pallidus on T1-weighted MRI in cirrhotic patients associated with severe of liver failure
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 65-69
    • Pujol, A.1    Pujol, J.2    Graus, F.3
  • 131
    • 0028955939 scopus 로고
    • The reducing stent: Treatment for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt-induced refractory hepatic encephalopathy and liver failure
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.194 , pp. 175-179
    • Hauenstein, K.H.1    Haag, K.2    Ochs, A.3
  • 134
    • 0029066628 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of enterococcus faecium SF68 versus lactulose in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and grade 1-2 hepatic encephalopathy
    • (1995) J Hepatol , vol.23 , pp. 39-46
    • Loguercio, C.1    Abbiati, R.2    Rinaldi, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.