메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 12, 2000, Pages 1929-1939

Modeling the deterioration of hydrated cement systems exposed to frost action - Part 1: Description of the mathematical model

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FREEZING; FROST EFFECTS; HYDRATION; ICE; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PORE SIZE; REACTION KINETICS; SERVICE LIFE; THAWING;

EID: 0034430586     PISSN: 00088846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00405-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (102)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0000136094 scopus 로고
    • Deterioration of concrete due to freezing and thawing
    • S. Mindess, J. Skalny (Eds.), Am Ceram Soc, Westerville, OH, USA
    • J. Marchand, R. Pleau, R. Gagné, Deterioration of concrete due to freezing and thawing, in: S. Mindess, J. Skalny (Eds.), Material Science of Concrete, Vol. 4, Am Ceram Soc, Westerville, OH, USA, 1995, pp. 283-354.
    • (1995) Material Science of Concrete , vol.4 , pp. 283-354
    • Marchand, J.1    Pleau, R.2    Gagné, R.3
  • 2
    • 0016434485 scopus 로고
    • Phase transitions of adorbates: Part VI. Effect of deicing agents on the freezing of cement paste
    • G.G. Litvan, Phase transitions of adorbates: Part VI. Effect of deicing agents on the freezing of cement paste, J Am Ceram Soc 58 (1-2) (1975) 26-30.
    • (1975) J Am Ceram Soc , vol.58 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 26-30
    • Litvan, G.G.1
  • 3
    • 85031481076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed mechanism for salt scaling
    • to be submitted for publication; 32 pp
    • G.W. Scherer, Proposed mechanism for salt scaling, Cem Concr Res, 2000 (to be submitted for publication; 32 pp.).
    • (2000) Cem Concr Res
    • Scherer, G.W.1
  • 4
    • 0032646603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystallization in pores
    • G.W. Scherer, Crystallization in pores, Cem Concr Res 29 (8) (1999) 1347-1358.
    • (1999) Cem Concr Res , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 1347-1358
    • Scherer, G.W.1
  • 6
    • 0000192402 scopus 로고
    • The air requirement of frost-resistant concrete
    • Proceedings of the Highway Research Board, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Il
    • T.C. Powers, The air requirement of frost-resistant concrete, in: Proceedings of the Highway Research Board, PCA Bulletin 33, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Il, Vol. 29, 1949, pp. 184-211.
    • (1949) PCA Bulletin 33 , vol.29 , pp. 184-211
    • Powers, T.C.1
  • 7
    • 0000963592 scopus 로고
    • Theory of volume changes in hardened Portland cement paste
    • Proceedings of the Highway Research Board, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Il
    • T.C Powers, R.A. Helmuth, Theory of volume changes in hardened Portland cement paste, in: Proceedings of the Highway Research Board, PCA Bulletin 46, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Il, Vol. 32, 1953, pp. 285-297.
    • (1953) PCA Bulletin 46 , vol.32 , pp. 285-297
    • Powers, T.C.1    Helmuth, R.A.2
  • 8
    • 0000169106 scopus 로고
    • Length change-adsorption relations for the water-porous glass system to -40°C
    • R.F. Feldman, Length change-adsorption relations for the water-porous glass system to -40°C, Can J Chem 42 (2) (1970) 287-297.
    • (1970) Can J Chem , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 287-297
    • Feldman, R.F.1
  • 9
    • 0015285849 scopus 로고
    • Phase transitions of adsorbates: Part IV. Mechanism of frost action in hardened cement paste
    • G.G. Litvan, Phase transitions of adsorbates: Part IV. Mechanism of frost action in hardened cement paste, J Am Ceram Soc 55 (1) (1972) 38-42.
    • (1972) J Am Ceram Soc , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-42
    • Litvan, G.G.1
  • 10
    • 0027846628 scopus 로고
    • A model for water transport and ice lensing in freezing soils
    • J.-M. Konrad, C. Duquennoi, A model for water transport and ice lensing in freezing soils, Water Resour Res 29 (9) (1993) 3109-3124.
    • (1993) Water Resour Res , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 3109-3124
    • Konrad, J.-M.1    Duquennoi, C.2
  • 11
    • 0019229166 scopus 로고
    • A model for the prediction of ice lensing and frost heave in soils
    • R.R. Gilpin, A model for the prediction of ice lensing and frost heave in soils, Water Resour Res 16 (5) (1980) 918-930.
    • (1980) Water Resour Res , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 918-930
    • Gilpin, R.R.1
  • 13
    • 0043167849 scopus 로고
    • The deicer salt scaling deterioration of concrete - An overview
    • J. Marchand, E.J. Sellevold, M. Pigeon, The deicer salt scaling deterioration of concrete - an overview, ACI SP-145 (1994) 1-46.
    • (1994) ACI , vol.SP-145 , pp. 1-46
    • Marchand, J.1    Sellevold, E.J.2    Pigeon, M.3
  • 14
    • 85031487789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the ASTM C 672 test procedure
    • J. Marchand, M. Pigeon, M.J. Setzer (Eds.), E&FN Spon, London, UK
    • M.C. Laroche, J. Marchand, M. Pigeon, Reliability of the ASTM C 672 test procedure, in: J. Marchand, M. Pigeon, M.J. Setzer (Eds.), Freeze-thaw Durability of Concrete, E&FN Spon, London, UK, 1996, pp. 199-210.
    • (1996) Freeze-thaw Durability of Concrete , pp. 199-210
    • Laroche, M.C.1    Marchand, J.2    Pigeon, M.3
  • 16
    • 0030196265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frost durability of roller-compacted concrete
    • M. Pigeon, J. Marchand, The frost durability of roller-compacted concrete, Concr Int 18 (7) (1996) 22-27.
    • (1996) Concr Int , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 22-27
    • Pigeon, M.1    Marchand, J.2
  • 19
    • 0034138348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice formation mechanisms in normal and high-performance concrete mixture
    • B. Zuber, J. Marchand, A. Delagrave, J.-P. Bournazel, Ice formation mechanisms in normal and high-performance concrete mixture, ASCE J Mater Civ Eng 12 (1) (2000) 16-23.
    • (2000) ASCE J Mater Civ Eng , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-23
    • Zuber, B.1    Marchand, J.2    Delagrave, A.3    Bournazel, J.-P.4
  • 21
    • 84983261809 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical model for freeze-thaw durability of concrete
    • Z.P. Bažant, J.C. Chern, A.M. Rosenberg, J.M. Gaidis, Mathematical model for freeze-thaw durability of concrete, J Am Ceram Soc 71 (9) (1988) 776-783.
    • (1988) J Am Ceram Soc , vol.71 , Issue.9 , pp. 776-783
    • Bažant, Z.P.1    Chern, J.C.2    Rosenberg, A.M.3    Gaidis, J.M.4
  • 22
    • 85031478981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Université Laval/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, in preparation; in French
    • B. Zuber, Modeling the mechanisms of frost degradation of hydrated cement systems, PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Université Laval/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 2000 (in preparation; in French).
    • (2000) Modeling the Mechanisms of Frost Degradation of Hydrated Cement Systems
    • Zuber, B.1
  • 23
    • 37249006592 scopus 로고
    • General consideration equations for multiphase system: Part 1. Averaging technique
    • M. Hassanizadeh, W.G. Gray, General consideration equations for multiphase system: Part 1. Averaging technique, Adv Water Resour 2 (1979) 131-144.
    • (1979) Adv Water Resour , vol.2 , pp. 131-144
    • Hassanizadeh, M.1    Gray, W.G.2
  • 24
    • 0013726079 scopus 로고
    • General consideration equations for multiphase system: Part 2. Mass, momenta, energy and entropy equations
    • M. Hassanizadeh, W.G. Gray, General consideration equations for multiphase system: Part 2. Mass, momenta, energy and entropy equations, Adv Water Resour 2 (1979) 191-201.
    • (1979) Adv Water Resour , vol.2 , pp. 191-201
    • Hassanizadeh, M.1    Gray, W.G.2
  • 25
    • 0018929962 scopus 로고
    • General consideration equations for multiphase system: Part 3. Constitutive theory for porous media flow
    • M. Hassanizadeh, W.G. Gray, General consideration equations for multiphase system: Part 3. Constitutive theory for porous media flow, Adv Water Resour 3 (1980) 25-40.
    • (1980) Adv Water Resour , vol.3 , pp. 25-40
    • Hassanizadeh, M.1    Gray, W.G.2
  • 26
    • 0026272539 scopus 로고
    • Unsaturated flow theory including interfacial phenomena
    • W.G. Gray, M. Hassanizadeh, Unsaturated flow theory including interfacial phenomena, Water Resour Res 27 (1991) 1855-1863.
    • (1991) Water Resour Res , vol.27 , pp. 1855-1863
    • Gray, W.G.1    Hassanizadeh, M.2
  • 27
    • 0029134280 scopus 로고
    • Coupled heat, water and gas flow in deformable porous media
    • D. Gawin, P. Baggio, B.A. Schrefler, Coupled heat, water and gas flow in deformable porous media, Int J Numer Methods Fluids 20 (1995) 969-987.
    • (1995) Int J Numer Methods Fluids , vol.20 , pp. 969-987
    • Gawin, D.1    Baggio, P.2    Schrefler, B.A.3
  • 29
    • 0006909343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PhD thesis, Lab de Mécanique et Technologie, Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan, in French
    • B. Bary, Study of hydro-mechanical couplings in damaged concrete, PhD thesis, Lab de Mécanique et Technologie, Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan, 1996, p. 156 (in French).
    • (1996) Study of Hydro-mechanical Couplings in Damaged Concrete , pp. 156
    • Bary, B.1
  • 30
    • 0001916945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of pore pressure, thermal stress and fracture in rapidly heated concrete
    • G. Fronsdhorff, N. Carino, E.J. Garboczi, (Eds.), Papers B. 10, NIST Gaithersburgh, MD, USA
    • Z.P. Bažant, Analysis of pore pressure, thermal stress and fracture in rapidly heated concrete, in: G. Fronsdhorff, N. Carino, E.J. Garboczi, (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fire Performance of High-Strength Concrete, Papers B. 10, NIST Gaithersburgh, MD, USA, 1997, pp. 155-164.
    • (1997) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fire Performance of High-Strength Concrete , pp. 155-164
    • Bažant, Z.P.1
  • 31
    • 0029706003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiphase medium model for localisation and postlocalisation simulation in geomaterials
    • B.A. Schrefler, L. Sanavia, C.E. Majorana, A multiphase medium model for localisation and postlocalisation simulation in geomaterials, Mech Cohesive-Frict Mater 1 (1996) 95-114.
    • (1996) Mech Cohesive-Frict Mater , vol.1 , pp. 95-114
    • Schrefler, B.A.1    Sanavia, L.2    Majorana, C.E.3
  • 32
    • 0342816045 scopus 로고
    • PhD thesis, Rep. 6, Helsinki University of Technology, Faculty of the Civil Engineering and Surveying Concrete Technology, Espoo, Finland
    • S. Matala, Effects of carbonation on the pore structure of granulated blast furnace slag concrete, PhD thesis, Rep. 6, Helsinki University of Technology, Faculty of the Civil Engineering and Surveying Concrete Technology, Espoo, Finland, 1995, p. 161.
    • (1995) Effects of Carbonation on the Pore Structure of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete , pp. 161
    • Matala, S.1
  • 33
    • 0042333292 scopus 로고
    • Some implications of calorimetric ice formation results for frost resistance testing of cement products
    • The Technical University of Denmark
    • E.J. Sellevold, D.H. Bager, Some implications of calorimetric ice formation results for frost resistance testing of cement products, Tech. Rep. 86/80, The Technical University of Denmark, 1980, p. 28.
    • (1980) Tech. Rep. 86/80 , pp. 28
    • Sellevold, E.J.1    Bager, D.H.2
  • 34
    • 0015628722 scopus 로고
    • Determination of pore-size distribution from freezing-point depression
    • G. Fagerlund, Determination of pore-size distribution from freezing-point depression, Mater Struct 6 (33) (1973) 215-225.
    • (1973) Mater Struct , vol.6 , Issue.33 , pp. 215-225
    • Fagerlund, G.1
  • 35
    • 0001443190 scopus 로고
    • Ice formation in hardened cement paste: Part I. Room temperature cured paste with variable moisture contents
    • D.H. Bager, E.J. Sellevold, Ice formation in hardened cement paste: Part I. Room temperature cured paste with variable moisture contents, Cem Concr Res 16 (5) (1986) 709-720.
    • (1986) Cem Concr Res , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 709-720
    • Bager, D.H.1    Sellevold, E.J.2
  • 36
    • 0342381049 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic parameters for sorption of water by hardened cement
    • Cements Division, Washington, DC, USA
    • F. Radjy, Thermodynamic parameters for sorption of water by hardened cement, Paper No. 6 presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, Cements Division, Washington, DC, USA, 1975, p. 10.
    • (1975) 77th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society , pp. 10
    • Radjy, F.1
  • 37
    • 0038176656 scopus 로고
    • Digitized simulation of mercury intrusion porosimetry
    • S. Mindess (Ed.), Am Ceram Soc, Westerville, OH, USA
    • E.J. Garboczi, D.P. Bentz, Digitized simulation of mercury intrusion porosimetry, in: S. Mindess (Ed.), Advances in Cementitious Materials, Ceram Trans, Vol. 16, Am Ceram Soc, Westerville, OH, USA, 1990, pp. 365-379.
    • (1990) Advances in Cementitious Materials, Ceram Trans , vol.16 , pp. 365-379
    • Garboczi, E.J.1    Bentz, D.P.2
  • 39
    • 0002270802 scopus 로고
    • A new method for the simultaneous determination of the size and shape of pores: The thermoporometry
    • M. Brun, A. Lallemand, J.-F. Quinson, C. Eyraud, A new method for the simultaneous determination of the size and shape of pores: The thermoporometry, Thermochim Acta 21 (1977) 59-88.
    • (1977) Thermochim Acta , vol.21 , pp. 59-88
    • Brun, M.1    Lallemand, A.2    Quinson, J.-F.3    Eyraud, C.4
  • 40
    • 85031483940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Lab de Mécanique et Technologie, Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan, France, in French
    • F. Hild, Damage, fracture and scale change in heterogeneous materials, Thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Lab de Mécanique et Technologie, Ecole normale supérieure de Cachan, France, 1998, p. 324 (in French).
    • (1998) Damage, Fracture and Scale Change in Heterogeneous Materials , pp. 324
    • Hild, F.1
  • 42
    • 0003244732 scopus 로고
    • Micromechanics: Overall properties of heterogeneous materials
    • J.D. Achenbach, B. Budianski, H.A. Lauwerier, P.G. Saffman, L. Van Wijngaarden, J.R. Willis (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • S. Nemat-Nasser, M. Hori, Micromechanics: Overall properties of heterogeneous materials, in: J.D. Achenbach, B. Budianski, H.A. Lauwerier, P.G. Saffman, L. Van Wijngaarden, J.R. Willis (Eds.), North-Holland Series in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, p. 687.
    • (1993) North-Holland Series in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics , pp. 687
    • Nemat-Nasser, S.1    Hori, M.2
  • 43
    • 0345643551 scopus 로고
    • General theory of three-dimensional consolidation
    • M.A. Biot, General theory of three-dimensional consolidation, J Appl Phys 12 (1941) 55-164.
    • (1941) J Appl Phys , vol.12 , pp. 55-164
    • Biot, M.A.1
  • 44
    • 0025385614 scopus 로고
    • Finite-element analysis for immiscible two-phase fluid flow in deforming porous media and an unconditionally stable staggered solution
    • L. Xikui, Finite-element analysis for immiscible two-phase fluid flow in deforming porous media and an unconditionally stable staggered solution, Comm Appl Numer Methods 6 (2) (1990) 125-135.
    • (1990) Comm Appl Numer Methods , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-135
    • Xikui, L.1
  • 45
    • 0343686227 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of mechanical properties of compacted calcium hydroxide and portland cement paste systems
    • J.J. Beaudoin, Comparison of mechanical properties of compacted calcium hydroxide and portland cement paste systems, Cem Concr Res 22 (1983) 707-718.
    • (1983) Cem Concr Res , vol.22 , pp. 707-718
    • Beaudoin, J.J.1
  • 46
    • 0042782581 scopus 로고
    • Capillary size restrictions on ice formation in hardened cement paste
    • Washington, DC, USA, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Il, Monograph 43, Session VI, Paper VI-S2
    • R.A. Helmuth, Capillary size restrictions on ice formation in hardened cement paste, in: Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cements, Washington, DC, USA, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Il, 1960, Vol. 2, pp. 855-869 (Monograph 43, Session VI, Paper VI-S2).
    • (1960) Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cements , vol.2 , pp. 855-869
    • Helmuth, R.A.1
  • 47
    • 0031647156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freezing-induced strains and pressures in wet porous materials and especially in concrete mortars
    • V.E. Penttala, Freezing-induced strains and pressures in wet porous materials and especially in concrete mortars, Adv Cem Based Mater 7 (1998) 8-19.
    • (1998) Adv Cem Based Mater , vol.7 , pp. 8-19
    • Penttala, V.E.1
  • 48
    • 0029357745 scopus 로고
    • Water permeability measurements of high-performance concrete using a high-pressure triaxial cell
    • A.S. El-Dieb, R.D. Hooton, Water permeability measurements of high-performance concrete using a high-pressure triaxial cell, Cem Concr Res 25 (1995) 1199-1208.
    • (1995) Cem Concr Res , vol.25 , pp. 1199-1208
    • El-Dieb, A.S.1    Hooton, R.D.2
  • 49
    • 0025454119 scopus 로고
    • Permeability, diffusivity and microstructural parameters: A critical review
    • E.J. Garboczi, Permeability, diffusivity and microstructural parameters: A critical review, Cem Concr Res 20 (1990) 503-514.
    • (1990) Cem Concr Res , vol.20 , pp. 503-514
    • Garboczi, E.J.1
  • 50
    • 1842857924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructure-based models for predicting transport properties
    • K. Scrivener, J.F. Young (Eds.), E&FN Spon, London, UK
    • J. Marchand, B. Gérard, Microstructure-based models for predicting transport properties, in: K. Scrivener, J.F. Young (Eds.), Penetration and Permeability of Concrete, E&FN Spon, London, UK, 1997, pp. 41-81.
    • (1997) Penetration and Permeability of Concrete , pp. 41-81
    • Marchand, J.1    Gérard, B.2
  • 51
    • 85031485090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal expansion kinetics: Method to measure the permeability of cementitious material: Part 1. Theory
    • in press
    • G. Scherer, Thermal expansion kinetics: Method to measure the permeability of cementitious material: Part 1. Theory, J Am Ceram Soc (in press).
    • J Am Ceram Soc
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 52
    • 0034274755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the permeability of rigids materials by a beam-bending method: Part 1. Theory
    • G. Scherer, Measuring the permeability of rigids materials by a beam-bending method: Part 1. Theory, J Am Ceram Soc 83 (9) (2000) 2231-2239.
    • (2000) J Am Ceram Soc , vol.83 , Issue.9 , pp. 2231-2239
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 53
    • 0005894185 scopus 로고
    • Methodologies of pore size distribution measurements in hydrated cement pastes: Postulates, pecularities, and problems
    • S. Diamond, Methodologies of pore size distribution measurements in hydrated cement pastes: Postulates, pecularities, and problems, Mater Res Soc Proc 137 1989, pp. 83-89.
    • (1989) Mater Res Soc Proc , vol.137 , pp. 83-89
    • Diamond, S.1
  • 54
    • 0029234916 scopus 로고
    • Pore size distributions in hardened cement paste by SEM image analysis
    • S. Diamond, M.E. Leeman, Pore size distributions in hardened cement paste by SEM image analysis, Mater Res Soc Proc 376 (1995) 217-226.
    • (1995) Mater Res Soc Proc , vol.376 , pp. 217-226
    • Diamond, S.1    Leeman, M.E.2
  • 56
    • 0022809026 scopus 로고
    • Ice formation in hardened cement paste: Part II. Drying and resaturation of room temperature cured paste
    • D.H. Bager, E.J. Sellevold, Ice formation in hardened cement paste: Part II. Drying and resaturation of room temperature cured paste, Cem Concr Res 16 (1986) 835-844.
    • (1986) Cem Concr Res , vol.16 , pp. 835-844
    • Bager, D.H.1    Sellevold, E.J.2
  • 57
    • 85031485051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructural changes on drying and rewetting of hydrated cement paste - An A.C. impedance spectroscopy study
    • J.P. Bournazel, Y. Malier (Eds.), RILEM, London, UK
    • J.J. Beaudoin, P. Gu, P.J. Tumidajski, S. Perron, Microstructural changes on drying and rewetting of hydrated cement paste - an A.C. impedance spectroscopy study, in: J.P. Bournazel, Y. Malier (Eds.), Concrete: From Material to Structure, RILEM, London, UK, 1998, pp. 207-238.
    • (1998) Concrete: From Material to Structure , pp. 207-238
    • Beaudoin, J.J.1    Gu, P.2    Tumidajski, P.J.3    Perron, S.4
  • 59
    • 0003812713 scopus 로고
    • Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK
    • P.V. Hobbs, Ice Physics, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1974, p. 837.
    • (1974) Ice Physics , pp. 837
    • Hobbs, P.V.1
  • 60
    • 33749997655 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of water with hardened cement paste
    • S. Mindess (Ed.), Advances in Cementitious Materials, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, USA
    • M.J. Setzer, Interaction of water with hardened cement paste, in: S. Mindess (Ed.), Advances in Cementitious Materials, Am Ceram Soc Trans, Vol. 16, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, USA, 1990, pp. 415-439.
    • (1990) Am Ceram Soc Trans , vol.16 , pp. 415-439
    • Setzer, M.J.1
  • 62
    • 0005793504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism of frost damage of concrete under supercooling
    • M.J. Stezer, R. Auberg (Eds.), E&FN Spon, London
    • O. Katsura, E. Kamada, A mechanism of frost damage of concrete under supercooling, in: M.J. Stezer, R. Auberg (Eds.), Frost Resistance of Concrete, E&FN Spon, London, 1997, pp. 202-211.
    • (1997) Frost Resistance of Concrete , pp. 202-211
    • Katsura, O.1    Kamada, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.