Automatic preference for white americans: Eliminating the familiarity explanation

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 316-328

  Dasgupta, Nilanjana ^a   McGhee, Debbie E ^b   Greenwald, Anthony G ^b   Banaji, Mahzarin R ^c  

^a NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034381341     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jesp.1999.1418     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Banaji M. R., Greenwald A. G. Implicit gender stereotyping in judgments of fame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 68:1995;181-198.
2. Banaji M. R., Hardin C., Rothman A. J. Implicit stereotyping in person judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 65:1993;272-281.
3. Bargh J. A. The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. Wyer R. S., Srull T. K., Thomas K. Handbook of social cognition. 1994;1-40 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
4. Bellezza F. S., Greenwald A. G., Banaji M. R. Words high and low in pleasantness as rated by male and female college students. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers. 18:1986;299-303.
5. Blair I. V, Banaji M. R. Automatic and controlled processes in stereotype priming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 70:1996;1142-1163.
6. Crosby F. J., Bromley S., Saxe L. Recent unobtrusive studies of black and white discrimination and prejudice: A literature review. Psychological Bulletin. 87:1980;546-563.
7. Dasgupta, N, McGhee, D. E, Greenwald, A. G, &, Banaji, M. R. 1999, Automatic preference for White Americans: Does the frequency of race stimuli produce the effect?, Unpublished manuscript, New School University.
8. Devine P. G. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 56:1989;5-18.
9. Devine P. G., Baker S. M. Measurement of racial stereotype subtyping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 17:1991;44-50.
10. Dovidio J. F., Kawakami K., Johnson C., Johnson B., Howard A. On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 33:1997;510-540.
11. Fazio R. H., Jackson J. R., Dunton B. C., Williams C. J. Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 69:1995;1013-1027.
12. Fiske S. T. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Gilbert D. T., Fiske S. T. The handbook of social psychology. 1998;357-411 McGraw-Hill, Boston.
13. Greenwald, A. G.1999. [The magnitude of IAT effects varies as a function of task difficulty]. Unpublished raw data.
14. Greenwald A. G., Banaji M. R. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review. 102:1995;4-27.
15. Greenwald A. G., Klinger M. R., Schuh E. S. Activation by marginally perceptible ("subliminal") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 124:1995;22-42.
16. Greenwald A. G., McGhee D. E., Schwartz J. L. K. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association task. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 74:1998;1464-1480.
17. Kim, D-Y, &, Greenwald, A. G. 1998, May, Voluntary controllability of implicit cognition: Can implicit attitudes be faked?, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
18. Lepore L., Brown R. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 72:1997;275-287.
19. McConahay J. B., Hardee B. B., Batts V. Has racism declined in America? It depends on who is asking and what is asked. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 25:1981;563-579.
20. Nosek, B. A, Banaji, M. R, &, Greenwald, A. G. 1998, Gender differences in implicit attitudes toward mathematics. Paper presented at the annual meeting for the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
21. Ottaway, S. A, Hayden, D. C, &, Oakes, M. A. in press, Implicit attitudes and racism: The effect of word familiarity and frequency in the Implicit Association Test, Social Cognition.
22. Park S. M., Gabrieli J. D. E. Perceptual and nonperceptual components of implicit memory for pictures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 21:1995;1583-1594.
23. Rudman, L. A, Greenwald, A. G, Mellott, D. S, &, Schwartz, J. L. K. 1999, Implicit cognition in intergroup relations research: Construct validation for the implicit association test. Manuscript submitted for publication.
24. Schuman H., Steeh C., Bobo L. Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations. 1997;Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge.
25. Sperber R. D., McCauley C., Ragain R. D., Weil C. M. Semantic priming effects on picture and word processing. Memory and Cognition. 7:1979;339-345.
26. U.S. Department of Justice, 1998. [online] Database of first names from the 1990 U.S. census. Available at, http://www.census.gov/genealogy/names/. [1998, January 7].
27. Wittenbrink B., Judd C. M., Park B. Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 72:1997;262-274.
28. Zajonc R. B. Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Monographs. 9:1968.