Europe’s new subregionalism

Journal of Strategic Studies

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 23-47

  Cottey, Andrew ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034373113     PISSN: 01402390     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01402390008437789     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. This article draws on Andrew Cottey (ed.), Subregional Cooperation in the New Europe: Building Security, Prosperity and Solidarity from the Barents to the Black Sea (Basingstoke: Macmillan/EastWest Institute, 1999) and on an EastWest Institute research project on this subject funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
2. These groups are described here as subregional (rather than regional) because they cover various subregions of the larger European region and do not have pretensions to be Europewide groups (in contrast to NATO, the EU, the WEU or the OSCE). The exact definition of these subregions and their boundaries - for example, 'Central Europe' and 'South-Eastern Europe' -is often contentious. In more general parlance, the terms subregiohal and regional are often used interchangeably. The term subregional has also been used to describe similar groups elsewhere in the world - see William T. Tow, Subregional Security Cooperation in the Third World (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 1990) and Gavin Cawthra, 'Subregional Security: The Southern African Development Community', Security Dialogue 28/2 (1997) pp.207-18.
3. These groups are described here as subregional (rather than regional) because they cover various subregions of the larger European region and do not have pretensions to be Europewide groups (in contrast to NATO, the EU, the WEU or the OSCE). The exact definition of these subregions and their boundaries - for example, 'Central Europe' and 'South-Eastern Europe' -is often contentious. In more general parlance, the terms subregiohal and regional are often used interchangeably. The term subregional has also been used to describe similar groups elsewhere in the world - see William T. Tow, Subregional Security Cooperation in the Third World (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 1990) and Gavin Cawthra, 'Subregional Security: The Southern African Development Community', Security Dialogue 28/2 (1997) pp.207-18.
4. I have adapted this terminology from Liddell Hart's approach to military strategy - see Basil Liddell Hart, Strategy: The Indirect Approach 4th ed. (London: Faber 1967).
5. Olav F. Knudsen, Cooperative Security in the Baltic Sea Region, Chaillot Paper 33 (Paris: Institute for Security Studies Western European Union, Nov. 1998).
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10. Joshua B. Spero, The Warsaw-Prague-Budapest Triangle: Central European Security After the Visegrad Summit, PISM Occasional Papers No. 31 (Warsaw: Polish Inst. of Int. Affairs 1992); Rudolf L. Tokes, 'From Visegrad to Krakow', Problems of Communism 40/6 (Nov.-Dec. 1991) pp.100-14; and Jan B. de Weydenthal et al., 'The Central European Triangle', RFE/RL Research Report 1/23 (5 June 1992) pp. 15-32.
11. Joshua B. Spero, The Warsaw-Prague-Budapest Triangle: Central European Security After the Visegrad Summit, PISM Occasional Papers No. 31 (Warsaw: Polish Inst. of Int. Affairs 1992); Rudolf L. Tokes, 'From Visegrad to Krakow', Problems of Communism 40/6 (Nov.-Dec. 1991) pp.100-14; and Jan B. de Weydenthal et al., 'The Central European Triangle', RFE/RL Research Report 1/23 (5 June 1992) pp. 15-32.
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20. For this reason, an Association Agreement with the EU has been made a precondition for CEFTA membership (along with bilateral free trade agreements with CEFTA's existing members and membership of the World Trade Organization). Ukraine, Croatia and FYROM's interest in membership has raised the issue of whether the Association Agreement requirement may be dropped.
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30. Although the Dayton agreement provided an essential starting point for cooperation, it addressed only the specific disputes between Bosnia, Croatia and FRY and did not provide a more general framework for multilateral, subregional cooperation in South-Eastern Europe. The Dayton Peace Accords, December 14, 1995, Paris: General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Hercegovina (Office of Public Communication, Bureau of Public Affairs, US Dept. of State).
31. Flamen Plantev, 'Legitimizing Subregionalism: Evolving Perceptions, Initiatives and Approaches to Subregional Relations in South-Eastern Europe', in Renata Dwan (ed.), Building Security in Europe's New Borderlands: Subregional Cooperation in the Wider Europe (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe/EastWest Institute 1999) Ch.5, pp.95-116.
32. Sophia Clement, 'External Institutional Frameworks and Subregionalism in South-Eastern Europe', in Dwan (note 22) Ch.4, pp.71-94.
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