Subregional Security: The Southern African Development Community

Security Dialogue

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 207-218

  Cawthra, Gavin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0343026767     PISSN: 09670106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0967010697028002008     Document Type: Article

References (9)

1. SADC, Declaration, Treaty and Protocol of the Southern African Development Community, Windhoek, 17 August 1992.
2. SADC, Summit Communique, Johannesburg, 28 August 1995.
3. SADC, Communique of the Heads of State or Governments of the Southern African Development Community, Gaborone, 28 June 1996.
4. Information on the ISDSC is based on the author's discussions with ISDSC participants and material drawn from Jakkie Cilliers, 'Towards Collaborative and Cooperative Security in Southern Africa: The OAU and SADC', in J. Cilliers & M. Reichardt, eds, About Turn: The Transformation of the South African Military and Intelligence (Halfway House: Institute for Defence Policy, 1995).
5. See note 3.
6. Department of Defence, White Paper on National Defence: Defence in a Democracy, Department of Defence, Pretoria, Chapter 5, Section 24.
7. South Africa, Botswana and Namibia have decided not to join COMESA or ratify the agreement, and Lesotho and Mozambique have now also decided to withdraw.
8. In 1994 defence expenditure in the USA accounted for 4.3% of GDP. In European NATO countries, it averaged 2.4%; in Middle Eastern countries, 6.7%; and in East Asian countries, over 4.5%. On other hand, the averages for the Caribbean and Latin and Central America (1.7%) and sub-Saharan Africa (2.8%) were fairly low; The Military Balance 1995-1996, International Institute for Strategic Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 264-269.
9. Defence Review Working Group, 'Position Paper on SA Defence Posture-First Draft', July 1996.