Biotechnology and patents

Chimia

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 293-298

  Straus, Joseph ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR TAX LAW AND PUBLIC FINANCE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biological inventions; Biotechnology; DNA sequences; Patents

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034354979     PISSN: 00094293     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Cf., e.g. F.K. Beier, R.S. Crespi, J. Straus, 'Biotechnology and Patent Protection -An International Review.' OECD Paris 1985, 25; J. Straus, Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1998, 4, 28.
2. Cf., e.g. F.K. Beier, R.S. Crespi, J. Straus, 'Biotechnology and Patent Protection - An International Review.' OECD Paris 1985, 25; J. Straus, Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1998, 4, 28.
3. IIC 1970, 1, 137 - Rote Taube - Red Dove.
4. USPQ 1980, 206, 193.
5. L. Orsenigo, 'The Emergence of Biotechnology,' St. Martins Press, New York 1989; R. Oakey, W. Faulkner, S. Cooper, V. Walsh, 'New Firms in Biotechnology: Their Contribution to Innovation and Growth,' Pinter Publishers, London and New York 1990.
6. L. Orsenigo, 'The Emergence of Biotechnology,' St. Martins Press, New York 1989; R. Oakey, W. Faulkner, S. Cooper, V. Walsh, 'New Firms in Biotechnology: Their Contribution to Innovation and Growth,' Pinter Publishers, London and New York 1990.
7. C. Venter, in 'The Changing Character, Use and Protection of Intellectual Property,' Greeny Publications, Inc. Bonn-Washington 1999, 109: P. Smagilk, D. Butler, Nature 2000, 403, 119.
8. C. Venter, in 'The Changing Character, Use and Protection of Intellectual Property,' Greeny Publications, Inc. Bonn-Washington 1999, 109: P. Smagilk, D. Butler, Nature 2000, 403, 119.
9. L.A. Kroll, F. Ault, F. Narin, Patent World, March 1998, 38.
10. R.M. May, Science 1998, 281, 49.
11. A. Lawter, Science 1997, 275, 1061.
12. N. Rosenberg, R.R. Nelson, Research Policy 1994, 23, 323.
13. L. Nelsen, Science 1998, 279, 1460.
14. Cf., Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). Congress of the United States, Federal Technology Transfer and the Human Genome Project, Washington, D.C. 1995, 8 ss.
15. J. Straus, 'Gewerblicher Rechtschutz für biotechnologische Erfindungen,' Carl Heymans Verlag KG, Cologne, Berlin, Bonn, Munich 1987, 43.
16. H.T. Markey, IIC 1989, 20, 372; H. Nies, IIC 1990, 21, 480.
17. H.T. Markey, IIC 1989, 20, 372; H. Nies, IIC 1990, 21, 480.
18. Ex parte Hibberd, USPQ 227, 443 (PTO Bd App 1985).
19. Ex parte Allen, USPQ 2d, 2, 1485 (PTO Bd App. 1987).
20. USPQ 2d, 53, 1440 (Fed. Cir. 2000).
21. Notice of the EPO of July 1, 1999, OJ EPO 1999, 573 at 574. Best guidance to respective decisions is given by the Catchword Index in H.-R. Jaenichen, 'The European Patent Office's Case Law on the Patentability of Biotechnology Inventions,' with Annotations on the US case law by L.A. McDonell and J.F. Haley, 2nd ed. Carl Heymans Verlag KG, Cologne, Berlin, Bonn, Munich 1997, 373.
22. OJ EPO 1984, 112 - Propagating Material/CIBA GEIGY: OJ EPO 1990, 71 - Hybrid Plants/Lubrizol; OJ EPO 1990, 476 - Onco Mouse/Harvard.
23. OJ EPO 1984, 112 - Propagating Material/CIBA GEIGY: OJ EPO 1990, 71 - Hybrid Plants/Lubrizol; OJ EPO 1990, 476 - Onco Mouse/Harvard.
24. OJ EPO 1984, 112 - Propagating Material/CIBA GEIGY: OJ EPO 1990, 71 - Hybrid Plants/Lubrizol; OJ EPO 1990, 476 -Onco Mouse/Harvard.
25. OJ EPO 1995, 545.
26. Cf. P. Lange, GRUR Int. 1996, 586; U. Schatz, GRUR Int. 1997, 588; T. Roberts, EIPR 1996, 531; J. Straus, GRUR Int. 1998, 1.
27. Cf. P. Lange, GRUR Int. 1996, 586; U. Schatz, GRUR Int. 1997, 588; T. Roberts, EIPR 1996, 531; J. Straus, GRUR Int. 1998, 1.
28. Cf. P. Lange, GRUR Int. 1996, 586; U. Schatz, GRUR Int. 1997, 588; T. Roberts, EIPR 1996, 531; J. Straus, GRUR Int. 1998, 1.
29. Cf. P. Lange, GRUR Int. 1996, 586; U. Schatz, GRUR Int. 1997, 588; T. Roberts, EIPR 1996, 531; J. Straus, GRUR Int. 1998, 1.
30. OJ EPO 1998, 511.
31. OJ EPO 2000, 111 - Transgenic Plant / Novartis II (headnote I).
32. No. 3.1 second paragraph of the Reasons (at OJ EPO 2000, 124).
33. OJ EPO 2000, 134.
34. Of July 6, 1998, OJ EC No. L 213/13 of 30.7.1998.
35. OJ EPO 1999, 437; cf. also the Notice of July 1, 1999, OJ EPO 1999, 573.
36. OJ EPO 1999, 437; cf. also the Notice of July 1, 1999, OJ EPO 1999, 573.
37. Cf. OJ EPO 1999, 574.
38. OJ EPO 1990, 576 - Onco-Mouse II.
39. Notice of July 1, 1999, OJ EPO 1999, 573 (No. 3).
40. Reference is made here only to the decisions of the German Federal Supreme Court and the German Federal Patent Court reported in F.K. Beier, R.S. Crespi, J. Straus [1], pp. 102 ss., and to the Guidelines for Examination in the EPO Part C. IV 2.3 (December 1994).
41. Cf. e.g. House of Lords In re Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaishaka (1991) R.P.C. 485, at 539.
42. Technical Board of Appeal (TBA) EPO, OJ EPO 1990, 335.
43. J.K. Flanagan, J. Patent Trademark Office Soc. 1998, 10, 739.
44. S.J.R. Bostyn, IPQ 1999, 1, 1; J. Straus. GRUR 1996, 10.
45. S.J.R. Bostyn, IPQ 1999, 1, 1; J. Straus. GRUR 1996, 10.
46. Cf. A. Oser, Int. Rev. Ind. Property Copyright Law 1999, 30, 1; J. Straus, GRUR 1998, 314, at 319.
47. Cf. A. Oser, Int. Rev. Ind. Property Copyright Law 1999, 30, 1; J. Straus, GRUR 1998, 314, at 319.
48. J. Straus, OECD Science Technology Industry Review 1996, 19, 45, 49.
49. J.J. Doll, Science 1998, 280, 689; M.A. Heller, R.S. Eisenberg, Science 1998, 280, 698.
50. J.J. Doll, Science 1998, 280, 689; M.A. Heller, R.S. Eisenberg, Science 1998, 280, 698.
51. C.T. Caskey, A.R. Williamson, Nature 1996, 381, 360; H. Michel. Biosprectrum 1999, 1. XX.
52. C.T. Caskey, A.R. Williamson, Nature 1996, 381, 360; H. Michel. Biosprectrum 1999, 1. XX.
53. E. Marshall, Science 1999, 284, 406.
54. E. Deutsch, 'Medizinrecht.' 3rd ed., Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1997, No. 103 (p. 75).
55. See the surveys in B.M. Knoppers. M. Hirtle, M. Larmeau, S. Laberge, Genomics 1998, 50, 385; A. Eser. 'Legal Aspects of Experimentation on the Living: A Comparative Survey.' in 'The Ethics of Life,' UNESCO Paris 1997, 185; J. Straus, 'Wem gehört das Genom?', in 'Gene, Neurone, Qubits & Co.,' S. Hierzel Verlag Stuttgart, Leipzig, 1999, p. 217, 222.
56. See the surveys in B.M. Knoppers. M. Hirtle, M. Larmeau, S. Laberge, Genomics 1998, 50, 385; A. Eser. 'Legal Aspects of Experimentation on the Living: A Comparative Survey.' in 'The Ethics of Life,' UNESCO Paris 1997, 185; J. Straus, 'Wem gehört das Genom?', in 'Gene, Neurone, Qubits & Co.,' S. Hierzel Verlag Stuttgart, Leipzig, 1999, p. 217, 222.
57. See the surveys in B.M. Knoppers. M. Hirtle, M. Larmeau, S. Laberge, Genomics 1998, 50, 385; A. Eser. 'Legal Aspects of Experimentation on the Living: A Comparative Survey.' in 'The Ethics of Life,' UNESCO Paris 1997, 185; J. Straus, 'Wem gehört das Genom?', in 'Gene, Neurone, Qubits & Co.,' S. Hierzel Verlag Stuttgart, Leipzig, 1999, p. 217, 222.
58. The HUGO Intellectual Rights Committee is chaired by this author. The Statement has not yet been published.
59. OJ EC No. L 227/1 of 1.9.1994, as amended by Regulation (EC) No. 2506/95. OJ EC No. L 258/3 of 28.10.1995.
60. M. Wrong, V. Griffith, Financial Times of March 15, 2000, p. 1.
61. Genome Digest April 1995, 6; Genome Digest July 1997, 3; cf. also E. Marshall, Science 1997, 276, 1189.
62. Genome Digest April 1995, 6; Genome Digest July 1997, 3; cf. also E. Marshall, Science 1997, 276, 1189.
63. Genome Digest April 1995, 6; Genome Digest July 1997, 3; cf. also E. Marshall, Science 1997, 276, 1189.
64. D.R. Bentley, Science 1996, 274, 533.
65. Cf. OJ EPO 1999, 545, 549.