Toward a general modular systems theory and its application to interfirm product modularity

Academy of Management Review

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 312-334

  Schilling, Melissa A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034343095     PISSN: 03637425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5465/AMR.2000.3312918     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Abernathy, W. J. 1978. The productivity dilemma. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
2. Achrol, R. S. 1997. Changes in the theory of interorganizational relations in marketing: Toward a network paradigm. Academy of Marketing Science, 25: 56-71.
3. Alexander, C. 1964. Notes on the synthesis of form. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4. Anderson, J. R. 1987. Methodologies for studying human knowledge. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10: 467-505.
5. Anderson, P., & Tushman, M. 1990. Technological discontinuities and dominant designs: A cyclical model of technological change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 604-634.
6. Arthur, W. B. 1989. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. Economic Journal, 99: 116-131.
7. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., & Kerr, S. 1995. The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
8. Baddeley, A. 1986. Modularity, mass-action and memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 38: 527-533.
9. Baldwin, C., & Clark, K. 1997. Managing in an age of modularity. Harvard Business Review, 75(5): 84-93.
10. Baldwin, C. Y., & Clark, K. B. 2000. Design rules. Volume 1: The power of modularity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Barney, J. B. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17: 99-120.
12. Blair, J. G. 1988. Modular America: Cross-cultural perspectives on the emergence of an American way. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
13. Bryan, L., & Clark, S. 1973. Unbundling full-service banking. Cambridge, MA: Harcomm Associates.
14. Cole, M. 1999. Context, modularity, and the cultural constitution of development. In P. Lloyd & C. Fernyhough (Eds.), Lev Vygotsky: Critical assessments: Future directions, vol. IV: 74-100. New York: Routledge.
15. Crain, S., & Thornton, R. 1998. Investigations in universal grammar: A guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
16. Cready, W. 1991. Premium bundling. Economic Inquiry, 29: 173-179.
17. Elgan, M. 1998. An open letter to Bill Gates. Windows Magazine, 9(5): 17.
18. Eppen, G., Hanson, W., & Martin, K. 1991. Bundling - new products, new markets, low risk. Sloan Management Review, 32(4): 7-14.
19. Fichman, R., & Kemmerer, C. 1993. Adoption of software engineering process innovations: The case of object orientation. Sloan Management Review, 34(2): 7-22.
20. Fodor, J. 1983. The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
21. Fodor, J. 1998. In critical condition: Polemical essays on cognitive science and the philosophy of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
22. Garud, R., & Kumaraswamy, A. 1995. Technological and organizational designs for realizing economies of substitution. Strategic Management Journal, 16: 93-109.
23. Gell-Mann, M. 1995. Complex adaptive systems. In H. Morowitz & J. Singer (Eds.), The mind, the brain and complex adaptive systems. SFI studies in the sciences of complexity, vol. XXII: 11-23. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
24. Grimes, W. 1994. Antitrust tie-in analysis after Kodak: Understanding the role of market imperfections. Antitrust Law Journal, 62: 263-325.
25. Guiltinan, J. 1987. The price bundling of services: A normative framework. Journal of Marketing, 51: 74-85.
26. Hall, V. R., & Hughes, T. P. 1996. Reproductive strategies of modular organisms: Comparative studies of reef-building corals. Ecology, 77: 950-963.
27. Hanson, W. 1987. The strategic role of bundling. Technical Report and Reprint Series, Working paper No. 44. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Hanson, W., & Martin, K. 1990. Optimal bundle pricing. Management Science, 36: 155-174.
29. Henderson, R., & Clark, K. B. 1990. Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 9-30.
30. Holland, J. 1994. Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: An introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
31. Holland, J. 1995. Hidden order: How adaptation builds complexity. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.
32. Holland, J. 1999. Emergence: From chaos to order. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.
33. Holt, C., & Sherman, R. 1986. Quality uncertainty and bundling. In P. M. Ippolito & D. T. Scheffman (Eds.), Empirical approaches to consumer protection economics: 221-250. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
34. Jacobides, M. 1997. Unbundling, standardization and competitive dynamics. Paper presented at the 1997 Strategic Management Society Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
35. Jeuland, A. 1984. Comments on "Gaussian Demand and Commodity Bundling," Journal of Business, 57: S231-S234.
36. Katz, M., & Shapiro, C. 1986. Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. Journal of Political Economy, 94: 822-841.
37. Kauffman, S. A. 1993. The origins of order. New York: Oxford University Press.
38. Kauffman, S. A. 1995. At home in the universe. New York: Oxford University Press.
39. Kiely, T. 1989. No mean feat for mini makers. New England Business, 11(7): 16-25.
40. Kinberg, Y., & Sudit, E. 1979. Country/service bundling in international tourism: Criteria for the selection of an efficient bundle mix and allocation of joint revenues. Journal of International Business Studies, 10(2): 51-63.
41. Langlois, R. 1992. External economies and economic progress: The case of the microcomputer industry. Business History Review, 66: 1-50.
42. Langlois, R. 2000. Capabilities and vertical disintegration in process technology: The case of semiconductor fabrication equipment. In N. J. Foss, & P. L. Robertson (Eds.), Resources, technology, and strategy: 199-206. London: Routledge.
43. Langlois, R., & Robertson, P. 1992. Networks and innovation in a modular system: Lessons from the microcomputer and stereo component industries. Research Policy, 21: 297-313.
44. Lawless, M. 1991. Commodity bundling for competitive advantage: Strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies, 28: 267-280.
45. Lei, D., Hitt, M. A., & Goldhar, J. D. 1996. Advanced manufacturing technology: Organizational design and strategic flexibility. Organization Studies, 17: 501-523.
46. Leonard-Barton, D. 1992. Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 111-125.
47. Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. 1986. Organizations: New concepts for new forms. California Management Review, 28(3): 62-73.
48. Nagle, T. 1987. The strategy and tactics of pricing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
49. Nesbitt, P. 1990. Long arm of the LAN; Local are network; DEC introduces networking as part of new strategy. PC User, 138: 24-28.
50. Orton, J., & Weick, K. 1990. Loosely coupled systems: A reconceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 15: 203-223.
51. Penrose, E. 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
52. Porter, M. 1985. Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.
53. PR Newswire. 1990. Two founders to leave Data General. December 12.
54. Prybeck, F., Alvarez, F., & Gifford, S. 1991. How to price for successful product bundling (Part II). Journal of Pricing Management, 2: 16-20.
55. Qi, L. 1988. Odd submodular functions, Dilworth functions and discrete convex functions. Mathematics of Operations Research. 13: 435-447.
56. Robertson, P., & Langlois, D. 1995. Innovation, networks, and vertical integration. Research Policy, 24: 543-562.
57. Sahal, D. 1981. Patterns of technological innovation. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
58. Sanchez, R. 1995. Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strategic Management Journal, 16: 135-159.
59. Sanchez, R., & Mahoney, J. 1996. Modularity, flexibility, and knowledge management in product and organizational design. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 63-76.
60. Schilling, M. 1999. Technology success and failure in winner-take-all markets: Testing a model of technological lockout. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.
61. Schilling, M., & Steensma, K. 1999. Technological change, globalization, and the adoption of modular organizational forms. Working paper, Boston University.
62. Simon, H. 1962. The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 106: 467-482.
63. Simon, H. 1995. Near decomposability and complexity: How a mind resides in a brain. In H. Morowitz & J. Singer (Eds.), The mind, the brain and complex adaptive systems. SFI studies in the sciences of complexity, vol. XXII: 25-43. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
64. Snow, C., Miles, R., & Coleman, H. J. 1992. Managing 21st century network organizations. Organizational Dynamics, 20(3): 5-20.
65. Slofstra, M. 1990. HP makes major midrange move. Computing Canada, 16(3): 1-3.
66. Streicher, T. 1991. Minicomputer technology: Where it's been, where it's headed. Instrumentation and Control Systems, 64(12): 31-41.
67. Teece, D. J. 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing, and public policy. Research Policy, 15: 285-305.
68. Van de Ven, A., Poole, A., & Scott, M. 1995. Explaining development and change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 20: 510-541.
69. van der Lely, H. K. 1997. Narrative discourse in grammatical specific language impaired children: A modular language deficit? Journal of Child Language, 24: 221-256.
70. Venkatraman, N. 1997. The college textbook marketplace in the 1990s: McGraw-Hill's launch of Primis. Teaching case, Boston University.
71. Wagner, G. P. 1995. Adaptation and the modular design of organisms. Advances in Artificial Life, 929: 317-328.
72. Wagner, G. P. 1996. Homologues, natural kinds and the evolution of modularity. American Zoologist, 36: 36-43.
73. Weick, K. E. 1976. Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21: 1-19.
74. Wilson, L., Weiss, A., & John, G. 1990. Unbundling of industrial systems. Journal of Marketing Research, 27: 123-138.
75. Worren, N. 1997. Creating dynamic capabilities: The role of individual vs. organizational learning. Dissertation proposal. Oxford University, Oxford, UK.