The Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998

Transportation Journal

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 27-34

  Lewis, Ira ^a   Vellenga, David B ^b  

^a Naval Postgraduate School   (United States)

^b ALBION COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034342804     PISSN: 00411612     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Public Law 105-258, 112 Stat. 902, Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998, approved October 14, 1998 (hereafter "OSRA").
2. United States Senate, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Report 105-61, Ocean Shipping Reform Act, July 31, 1997.
3. Shipping Act of 1984, 46 App USC Sec 1701; Christopher Clott and Gary S. Wilson, "Ocean shipping deregulation and maritime ports: Lessons learned from airline deregulation," Transportation Law Journal, 26(2), Spring 1999, 205-218.
4. Shipping Act of 1984, 46 App USC Sec 1701; Christopher Clott and Gary S. Wilson, "Ocean shipping deregulation and maritime ports: Lessons learned from airline deregulation," Transportation Law Journal, 26(2), Spring 1999, 205-218.
5. For a discussion of the evolution of the U.S. Merchant Marine, see Clifford B. Donn, "Foreign competition, technological change, and the decline in U.S. maritime employment," Transportation Journal, 27(4), Summer 1998, 31-41; Robert C. Waters, "Federal regulations and the competitiveness of U.S. liner ship operators," Transportation Journal, 33(1), Fall 1993, 51-58; Jon D. Helmick and Nicholas A. Glaskosky, Jr., "Regulatory constraints on innovative manning practices in the U.S.-flag merchant fleet," Logistics and Transportation Review, 30(3), September 1994, 283-301.
6. For a discussion of the evolution of the U.S. Merchant Marine, see Clifford B. Donn, "Foreign competition, technological change, and the decline in U.S. maritime employment," Transportation Journal, 27(4), Summer 1998, 31-41; Robert C. Waters, "Federal regulations and the competitiveness of U.S. liner ship operators," Transportation Journal, 33(1), Fall 1993, 51-58; Jon D. Helmick and Nicholas A. Glaskosky, Jr., "Regulatory constraints on innovative manning practices in the U.S.-flag merchant fleet," Logistics and Transportation Review, 30(3), September 1994, 283-301.
7. For a discussion of the evolution of the U.S. Merchant Marine, see Clifford B. Donn, "Foreign competition, technological change, and the decline in U.S. maritime employment," Transportation Journal, 27(4), Summer 1998, 31-41; Robert C. Waters, "Federal regulations and the competitiveness of U.S. liner ship operators," Transportation Journal, 33(1), Fall 1993, 51-58; Jon D. Helmick and Nicholas A. Glaskosky, Jr., "Regulatory constraints on innovative manning practices in the U.S.-flag merchant fleet," Logistics and Transportation Review, 30(3), September 1994, 283-301.
8. Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping, Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping, April 10, 1992 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office); "Shipping Act Review: What each group wants," Journal of Commerce, August 31, 1989, p. 8B; Monteiro and Robertson, op.cit., Shipping Act of 1984, op. cit.
9. Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping, Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping, April 10, 1992 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office); "Shipping Act Review: What each group wants," Journal of Commerce, August 31, 1989, p. 8B; Monteiro and Robertson, op.cit., Shipping Act of 1984, op. cit.
10. Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping, Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping, April 10, 1992 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office); "Shipping Act Review: What each group wants," Journal of Commerce, August 31, 1989, p. 8B; Monteiro and Robertson, op.cit., Shipping Act of 1984, op. cit.
11. Clott and Wilson, op. cit.; Joseph Monteiro and Gerald Robertson, "Shipping conference legislation in Canada, the European Economic Community, and the United States: Background, emerging developments, trends, and a few major issues," Transportation Law Journal, 26(2), Spring 1999, 141-204.
12. Clott and Wilson, op. cit.; Joseph Monteiro and Gerald Robertson, "Shipping conference legislation in Canada, the European Economic Community, and the United States: Background, emerging developments, trends, and a few major issues," Transportation Law Journal, 26(2), Spring 1999, 141-204.
13. See note 5 above.
14. "Contract confidentially not guaranteed," Logistics Management and Distribution Report, Online edition September1999 (http://www.manufacturing.net/magazine/logistics/archives/1999/log0901.99/732.ht m).
15. Richard L. Clarke, "An analysis of the international ocean shipping conference system," Transportation Journal, 36(4), Summer 1997, 17-29.
16. United States Senate, op. cit.
17. OSRA, Sec. 104.
18. American Association of Port Authorities, Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998-How it affects ports. Downloaded April 16, 1999 from www.aapa-ports.org/govrel/oceanship.htm.
19. "FMC allows guidelines for contracts," American Shipper, 41(4), April 1999, p. 10.
20. Lisa H. Harrington, "A new era dawns," Industry Week, 248(1), January 4, 1999, 48-52; Peter Bradley et. al, "Ocean shipping's brave new world," Logistics Management and Distribution Report, 37(11), November 1998, 21-23.
21. Lisa H. Harrington, "A new era dawns," Industry Week, 248(1), January 4, 1999, 48-52; Peter Bradley et. al, "Ocean shipping's brave new world," Logistics Management and Distribution Report, 37(11), November 1998, 21-23.
22. See Clarke, op. cit., and Seok-Min Lim, "Economies of scale in container shipping," Maritime Policy and Management, 25(4), October-December 1998, 361-373.
23. See Clarke, op. cit., and Seok-Min Lim, "Economies of scale in container shipping," Maritime Policy and Management, 25(4), October-December 1998, 361-373.
24. Bradley et. al, op. cit.
25. Philip Damas and Tony Beargie, "Carrier agreements under attack," American Shipper, 41(5), May 1999, 8-13.
26. Ted Prince, "Service contracts for dummies," American Shipper, 41(4), April 1999, 12-18.
27. OSRA, Sec. 102(11).
28. Clarke, op. cit.
29. "OSRA already under attack, "American Shipper, 41(6), June 1999, 12-14; Tony Beargie, "Will carriers' antitrust immunity survive Hyde? American Shipper, 41(12), December 1999, 6-8.
30. "OSRA already under attack, "American Shipper, 41(6), June 1999, 12-14; Tony Beargie, "Will carriers' antitrust immunity survive Hyde? American Shipper, 41(12), December 1999, 6-8.
31. OSRA, Sec. 106.
32. American Association of Port Authorities, op. cit.
33. OSRA, Sec. 109(10).
34. Congressional Research Service, Maritime economic deregualtion: Background and selected public policy issues, November 13, 1998 (Issue Brief 97035).
35. OSRA, Sec. 102(10).
36. James A. Calderwood, "New shipping reform act." Transportation and Distribution, 39(12), December 1998, p. 92.
37. Paul R. Murphy and James M. Daley, "A preliminary analysis of the strategies of international freight forwarders,"Transportation Journal, 35(4), Summer 1996, 5-11.
38. James A. Calderwood, "FMC implements ocean reform act," Transportation and Distribution, 40(2), February 1999, p. 96.
39. "FMC allows guidelines for contracts," op. cit.
40. Congressional Research Service, op. cit.; Michael Fabey, "Entering uncharted waters," Traffic World, December 7, 1998, 29-32.
41. Congressional Research Service, op. cit.; Michael Fabey, "Entering uncharted waters," Traffic World, December 7, 1998, 29-32.
42. Bradley et al, op. cit.
43. Sarah Stone, "Maritime deregulation gets mixed review," Purchasing, November 5, 1998, 121-122.
44. Sarah Stone, "Ocean shipping changes affect prices," Purchasing, March 25, 1999, 93-94.
45. Ronald N. Cobert, "NVOCCs eye shippers associations," Journal of Commerce, December 7, 1998, downloaded April 19, 1999 from www.gjcobert.com/jocoped.html.
46. Harrington, op. cit.
47. Ken Cottrill, "FMC's uncharted waters," Traffic World, April 19, 1999, p. 35.
48. See Federal Maritime Commission, FMC authorizes actions based on transpacific fact finding investigation, news release 99-07, March 12, 1999, downloaded April 14, 1999 from www.fmc.gov/Pressreleases/PR99-07.htm and Ken Cottrill, "FMC finds antitrust abuse," Traffic World, March 22, 1999, p. 23.
49. See Federal Maritime Commission, FMC authorizes actions based on transpacific fact finding investigation, news release 99-07, March 12, 1999, downloaded April 14, 1999 from www.fmc.gov/Pressreleases/PR99-07.htm and Ken Cottrill, "FMC finds antitrust abuse," Traffic World, March 22, 1999, p. 23.
50. Clarke, op. cit.
51. See Remarks of Commissioner John Moran, Federal Maritime Commission, before the Journal of Commerce Conference "Making it work: Compliance and ocean transport deregulation," New York, New York, March 15, 1999, downloaded April 14, 1999 from www.fmc.gov/Speeches/Moran/MORAN.htm, and Clayton Boyce, "Smoking gun," Traffic World, March 22, 1999, p.4.
52. See Remarks of Commissioner John Moran, Federal Maritime Commission, before the Journal of Commerce Conference "Making it work: Compliance and ocean transport deregulation," New York, New York, March 15, 1999, downloaded April 14, 1999 from www.fmc.gov/Speeches/Moran/MORAN.htm, and Clayton Boyce, "Smoking gun," Traffic World, March 22, 1999, p.4.
53. Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping, op. cit.