An aerosol chemical reactor for coating metal oxide particles with (NH4)2SO4-H2SO4-H2O - Part 2: Manipulation of the metal oxide core

Journal of Aerosol Science

Volumn 31, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 1283-1298

  Martin, Scot T ^a   Yu, Jiangping ^a   Han, Jeong Ho ^a   Verdier, Melanie ^a   Li, Jia ^b   Buseck, Peter R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; COMPOSITION EFFECTS; CORUNDUM; FURNACES; IRON OXIDES; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; PYROLYSIS; SILICA; SINGLE CRYSTALS; SULFAMIC ACID; WATER; ZEOLITES;

HEMATITE; MULLITE; SPRAY PYROLYSIS;

AEROSOLS;

ALUMINUM OXIDE; ALUMINUM SILICATE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON MONOXIDE; FERRIC OXIDE; METAL OXIDE; METHANE; SILICON DIOXIDE; WATER;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL REACTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYSTALLIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; FLOW; FURNACE; GAS; MORPHOLOGY; NEBULIZATION; PARTICLE SIZE; PRECURSOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYROLYSIS; REACTOR; TECHNIQUE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TUBE;

EID: 0034333743     PISSN: 00218502     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-8502(00)00035-5     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Adamson A.W., Gast A.P. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. 1997;Wiley, New York.
2. Andreae M.O., Charlson R.J., Bruynseels F., Storms H., Van Grieken R., Maenhaut W. Internal mixture of sea salt, silicates, and excess sulfate in marine aerosols. Science. 232:1986;1620-1623.
3. Arnowitz D., Naegeli D.W., Glassman I. Kinetics of the pyrolysis of methanol. J. Phys. Chem. 81:1977;2555-2559.
4. Atkins P.W. Physical Chemistry. 1988;Oxford University Press, Oxford.
5. Beeston, B. E. P., Horne, R. W., & Markham, R. (1972) Electron diffraction and optical diffraction techniques. In Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy, Vol. 1 (Edited by Glauert, A. M.). North-Holland, Amsterdam.
6. Buseck P.R. Minerals and reactions at the atomic scale: transmission electron microscopy. 1992;Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC.
7. Buseck P.R., Posfai M. Airborne minerals and related aerosol particles: effects on climate and the environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96:1999;3372-3379.
8. Cabanas M.V., Vallet-Regi M., Labeau M., Gonzalez-Calbet J.M. Spherical iron oxide particles synthesized by an aerosol technique. J. Mater. Res. 8:1993;2694-2701.
9. Canals A., Hernandis V., Browner R.F. Evolution of drop size distribution for pneumatically generated aerosols in inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta. 45B:1990;591-601.
10. Chen Y., Kreidenweis S.M., McInnes L.M., Rogers D.C., DeMott P.J. Single particle analyses of ice nucleating aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25:1998;1391-1394.
11. Cziczo D.J., Nowak J.B., Hu J.H., Abbatt J.P.D. Infrared spectroscopy of model tropospheric aerosols as a function of relative humidity: observation of deliquescence and crystallization. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;18,843-18,850.
12. DeMott P.J., Rogers D.C., Kreidenweis S.M. The susceptibility of ice formation in upper tropospheric clouds to insoluble aerosol components. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;19,575-19,584.
13. Dentener F.J., Carmichael G.R., Zhang Y., Lelieveld J., Crutzen P.J. Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 101:1996;22,869-22,889.
14. Dougle P.G., Veefkind J.P., ten Brink H.M. Crystallisation of mixtures of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and soot. J. Aerosol Sci. 29:1998;375-386.
15. Everett D.H. Basic Principles of Colloid Science. 1988;Royal Society of Chemistry, London.
16. Gard E.E., Kleeman M.J., Gross D.S., Hughes L.S., Allen J.O., Morrical B.D., Fergenson D.P., Dienes T., Galli M.E., Johnson R.J., Cass G.R., Prather K.A. Direct observation of heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere. Science. 279:1998;1184-1187.
17. 3 particles with nanometer size by spray pyrolysis Mater. Lett. 18:1993;151-155.
18. 3(a ) on hydrated silica particles J. Phys. Chem. A. 103:1999;7217-7223.
19. Hagen D.E., Podzimek J., Heymsfield A.J., Trueblood M.B., Lutrus C.K. Potential role of nuclei in cloud element formation at high altitudes. Atmos. Res. 31:1994;123-135.
20. 2 J. Geophys. Res. 104:1999;3543-3553.
21. 2O . 1. New particle formation. Aerosol Sci. Technol., in press.
22. Hinds W.C. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. 1982;Wiley, New York.
23. Hurle, D. T. J. (1993) Handbook of Crystal Growth, Vol. 1a. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
24. Jain S., Skamser D.J., Kodas T.T. Morphology of single-component particles produced by spray pyrolysis. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 27:1997;575-590.
25. Janackovic D., Jokanovic V., Kostic-Gvozdenovic L., Zivovic L., Uskokovic D. Synthesis, morphology, and formation mechanism of mullite particles produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J. Mater. Res. 11:1996;1706-1716.
26. Junge C. Das Wachstum der Kondensationskerne mit der relativen Feuchtigkeit. Ann. Met. 3:1950;129-135.
27. Klein C., Hurlbut C.S. Manual of Mineralogy. 1993;Wiley, New York.
28. Levin E.M., Robbins C.R., McMurdie H.F. Phase Diagrams for Ceramists. 1964;American Ceramic Society, Columbus.
29. Li-Jones X., Maring H.B., Prospero J.M. Effect of relative humidity on light scattering by mineral dust aerosol as measured in the marine boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 103:1998;31,113-31,121.
30. 2O and the implications for cirrus cloud formation Geophys. Res. Lett. 25:1998;1657-1660.
31. Matschiner, H., Hahn, M., & Matthias, G. (1999). Pyrolysis in methanol with ammonia detection for determination of total nitrogen in samples. In Ger. Offen., DE 19741810, Germany.
32. McMurry P.H., Litchy M., Huang P.F., Cai X., Turpin B.J., Dick W.D., Hanson A. Elemental composition and morphology of individual particles separated by size and hygroscopicity with the TDMA. Atmos. Environ. 30:1996;101-108.
33. Middlebrook A.M., Murphy D.M., Thomson D.S. Observations of organic material in individual marine particles at Cape Grim during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1). J. Geophys. Res. 103:1998;16,475-16,483.
34. 2 on mineral oxide particles: Spectroscopic evidence for oxide-coordinated and water-solvated surface nitrate Geophys. Res. Lett. 25:1998;3835-3838.
35. Morrow P.E., Mercer T.T. A point-to-plane electrostatic precipitator for particle size sampling. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 25:1964;8-14.
36. Murphy D.M., Thomson D.S. Chemical composition of single aerosol particles at Idaho Hill: Negative ion measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;6353-6368.
37. Murphy D.M., Thomson D.S. Chemical composition of single aerosol particles at Idaho Hill: Positive ion measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;6341-6352.
38. Murphy D.M., Thomson D.S., Middlebrook A.M., Schein M.E. In situ single-particle characterization at Cape Grim. J. Geophys. Res. 103:1998;16,485-16,491.
39. 2 , and mullite Mater. Chem. Phys. 53:1998;247-251.
40. Noble C.A., Prather K.A. Real-time measurement of correlated size and composition profiles of individual aerosol particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30:1996;2667-2680.
41. Norton T.S., Dryer F.L. Toward a comprehensive mechanism of methanol pyrolysis. Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 22:1990;219-241.
42. Pilinis C., Li X. Particle shape and internal inhomogeneity effects on the optical properties of tropospheric aerosols of relevance to climate forcing. J. Geophys. Res. 103:1998;3789-3800.
43. Pitchford M.L., McMurry P.H. Relationship between measured water vapor growth and chemistry of atmospheric aerosol for Grand Canyon, Arizona, in winter 1990. Atmos. Environ. 28:1994;827-839.
44. Posfai M., Anderson J.R., Buseck P.R., Sievering H. Compositional variations of sea-salt-mode aerosol particles from the North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 100:1995;23,063-23,074.
45. Posfai M., Xu H., Anderson J.R., Buseck P.R. Wet and dry sizes of atmospheric aerosol particles: an AFM-TEM study. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25:1998;1907-1910.
46. Pouchert, C. J. (1985). Aldrich Library of FT-IR Spectra. Aldrich, Milwaukee.
47. Pye K. Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits. 1987;Academic Press, San Diego.
48. Rood M.J., Covert D.S., Larson T.V. Hygroscopic properties of atmospheric aerosol in Riverside, California. Tellus. 39B:1987;383-397.
49. Rood M.J., Shaw M.A., Larson T.V., Covert D.S. Ubiquitous nature of ambient metastable aerosol. Nature. 337:1989;537-539.
50. Seinfeld J.H., Pandis S.N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 1998;Wiley, New York.
51. Sloane C.S. Optical properties of aerosols of mixed composition. Atmos. Environ. 18:1984;871-878.
52. Sokolik I.N., Toon O.B. Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths. J. Geophys. Res. 104:1999;9423-9444.
53. Spann J.F., Richardson C.B. Measurement of the water cycle in mixed ammonium acid sulfate particles. Atmos. Environ. 19:1985;819-825.
54. Tang I.N., Munkelwitz H.R. An investigation of solute nucleation in levitated solution droplets. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 98:1984;430-438.
55. Tang I.N., Munkelwitz H.R. Water activities, densities, and refractive indices of aqueous sulfates and sodium nitrate droplets of atmospheric importance. J. Geophys. Res. 99:1994;18,801-18,808.
56. Taylor P.H., Shanbhag S., Rubey W.A., Dellinger B., Bergin M. Speciation of organic by-products from the thermal decomposition of alternative automotive fuels. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 49:1999;39-48.
57. Ten Brink H.M., Veefkind J.P., Waijers-Ijpelaan A., van der Hage J.C. Aerosol light-scattering in the Netherlands. Atmos. Environ. 30:1996;4251-4261.
58. Twohy C.H., Gandrud B.W. Electron microscope analysis of residual particles from aircraft contrails. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25:1998;1359-1362.
59. Underwood G.M., Miller T.M., Grassian V.H. Transmission FT-IR and Knudsen cell study of the heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitrogen dioxide on mineral oxide particles. J. Phys. Chem. 103:1999;6184-6190.
60. Vallet-Regi M., Rodriguez-Lorenzo L.M., Ragel C.V., Salinas A.J., Gonzalez-Calbet J.M. Control of structural type and particle size in alumina synthesized by the spray pyrolysis method. Solid-State Ionics. 101-103:1997;197-203.
61. Warneck P. Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere. 1988;Academic Press, New York.
62. Weast R.C., Astle M.J., Beyer W.H. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 1983;CRC, Boca Raton.
63. Williams, Q. (1995). Infrared, Raman and optical spectroscopy of earth materials. In: Mineral Physics & Crystallography (Edited by Ahrens, T. J.). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
64. Zhang Y., Carmichael G.R. The role of mineral aerosol in tropospheric chemistry in East Asia - a model study. J. Appl. Meteorol. 38:1999;353-366.
65. Zhang W.G., McMurry P.H., Hering S.V., Casuccio G.S. Mixing characteristics and water content of submicron aerosols measured in Los Angeles and at the Grand Canyon. Atmos. Environ. 27A:1993;1593-1608.