Development of Working Memory: Should the Pascual-Leone and the Baddeley and Hitch Models Be Merged?

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

Volumn 77, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 128-137

  Baddeley, Alan D ^a   Hitch, Graham J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Children's memory; Working memory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NOTE; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RECALL;

ADULT; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE;

EID: 0034296640     PISSN: 00220965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jecp.2000.2592     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2, pp. 89-105). New York: Academic Press.
2. Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Clarendon.
3. Baddeley, A. D. (1996). Exploring the central executive. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49, 5-28.
4. Baddeley, A. D. (1998). Recent developments in working memory. Current Opinion in Neurobiol-ogy, 8, 234-238.
5. Baddeley, A. D. (in press). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
6. Baddeley, A. D., Bressi, S., Della Sala, S., Logie, R. H., & Spinnler, H. (1991). The decline of working memory in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study. Brain, 114, 2521-2542.
7. Baddeley, A., Gathercole, S., & Papagno, C. (1998). The phonological loop as a language learning device. Psychological Review, 105, 158-173.
8. Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation Vol. 8 (pp. 47-89). New York: Academic Press.
9. Baddeley, A. D., & Logie, R. H. (1999). Working memory: The multiple-component model. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (pp. 28-61). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
10. Baddeley, A. D., Papagno, C., & Vallar, G. (1988). When long-term learning depends on short-term storage. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 586-596.
11. Baddeley, A. D., Thomson, N., & Buchanan, M. (1975). Word length and the structure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 14, 575-589.
12. Baddeley, A. D., Vallar, G., & Wilson, B. (1987). Sentence comprehension and phonological memory: Some neuropsychological evidence. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention & performance XII: The psychology of reading (pp. 509-529). London: Erlbaum.
13. Bourke, P. A., Duncan, J., & Nimmo-Smith, I. (1996). A general factor involved in dual-task performance decrement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49A, 525-545.
14. Brandimonte, M. A., Hitch, G. J., & Bishop, D. V. M. (1992). Verbal recoding of visual stimuli impairs mental image transformations. Memory and Cognition, 20, 449-455.
15. Broadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication. London: Pergamon.
16. Brown, G. D. A., & Hulme, C. (1995). Modeling item length effects in memory span-No rehearsal needed. Journal of Memory & Language, 34, 594-621.
17. Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. J. (1992). Toward a network model of the articulatory loop. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 429-460.
18. Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. J. (1999). Memory for serial order: A network model of the phonological loop and its timing. Psychological Review, 106, 551-581.
19. Case, R., Kurland, M., & Goldberg, J. (1982). Operational efficiency and the growth of short term memory span. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 33, 386-404.
20. Chandler, M. J., & Chapman, M. (1991). Criteria for competence: Controversies in the conceptualization and assessment of children's abilities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
21. Cowan, N., Day, L., Saults, J. S., Keller, T. A., Johnson, T., & Flores, L. (1992). The role of verbal output time in the effects of word length on immediate memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 1-17.
22. Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 450-466.
23. D'Eposito, M., Detre, J. A., Alsop, D. C., Shin, R. K., Atlas, S., & Grossman, M. (1995). The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory. Nature, 378, 279-281.
24. Elliot, R., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Dissociable functions in the medial and lateral orbito-frontal cortex: Evidence from human neuro-imaging studies. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 308-317.
25. Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-term working memory. Psychological Review, 102, 211-245.
26. Gathercole, S. E. (1995). Is nonword repetition a test of phonological memory or long-term knowledge - It all depends on the nonwords. Memory and Cognition, 23, 83-94.
27. Gathercole, S. E., Adams, A-M., & Hitch, G. J. (1994). Do young children rehearse? An individual differences analysis. Memory & Cognition, 22, 201-207.
28. Gathercole, S. E., Frankish, C. R., Pickering, S. J., & Peaker, S. (1999). Phonotactic influences on short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 25, 84-95.
29. Gathercole, S. E., Pickering, S. J., Hall, M., & Peaker, S. J. (2000). Dissociable lexical and phonological influences on serial recognition and serial recall. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53A, xxx-xxx.
30. Gathercole, S. E., Service, E., Hitch, G. J., Adams, A. M., & Martin, A. J. (1999). Phonological short-term memory and vocabulary development: Further evidence on the nature of the relationship. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 65-77.
31. Henry, L. A. (1991). The effects of word length and phonemic similarity in young children's short-term memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43A, 35-52.
32. Henson, R. N. A. (1998). Short-term memory for serial order: The start-end model. Cognitive Psychology, 36, 73-137.
33. Hitch, G. J. (1990). Developmental fractionation of working memory. In G. Vallar & T. Shallice (Eds.), Neuropsychological impairment of short-term memory (pp. 215-246). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
34. Hitch, G. J., Halliday, M. S., Dodd, A., & Littler, J. E. (1989). Development of rehearsal in short-term memory: Differences between pictorial and spoken stimuli. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 347-362.
35. Hitch, G. J., & Towse, J. (1995). Working memory: What develops? In W. Schneider & F. E. Weinert (Eds.), Memory performance and competencies: Issues in growth and development (pp. 3-22). Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Hitch, G. J., Towse, J. N., & Hutton, U. (in press). What limits children's working memory span? Theoretical accounts and application to scholastic development. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
37. Hitch, G. J., Woodin, M., & Baker, S. L. (1989). Visual and phonological components of working memory in children. Memory and Cognition, 17, 175-185.
38. Hulme, C., Thomson, N., Muir, C., & Lawrence, A. (1984). Speech rate and the development of short-term memory span. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 241-253.
39. Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A. D., & Hewes, A. K. (1999). Genetically dissociated components of working memory: Evidence from Down's and Williams' syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 37, 637-651.
40. Kemps, E., De Rammelaere, S., & Desmet, T. (2000). The development of working memory: Exploring the complementarity of two models. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, 89-109.
41. Macken, W. J., & Jones, D. M. (1995). Functional characteristics of the 'inner voice' and the 'inner ear': Single or double agency? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 21, 436-448.
42. Morra, S. (2000). A new model of verbal short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75, 191-227.
43. Neath, I., & Nairne, J. S. (1995). Word length effects in immediate memory - Overwriting trace decay theory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 429-441.
44. Nicolson, R. (1981). The relation between memory span and processing speed. In J. P. Das & N. O'Connor (Eds.), Intelligence and learning (pp. 179-183). New York: Plenum.
45. Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior. In R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz, & D. E. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self-regulation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 4, pp. 1-18). New York: Plenum.
46. Page, M. P. A., & Norris, D. (1998). The primacy model: A new model of immediate serial recall. Psychological Review, 105, 761-781.
47. Pascual-Leone, J. (1970). A mathematical model for the transition rule in Piaget's developmental stages. Acta Psychologica, 63, 301-345.
48. Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1998). Neuroimaging analyses of human working memory. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 12061-12068.
49. Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999). Neuroscience - Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283, 1657-1661.
50. Snowling, M., Chiat, S., & Hulme, C. (1991). Words, nonwords, and phonological processes: Some comments on Gathercole, Willis, Emslie & Baddeley. Applied Psycholinguistics, 12, 369-373.
51. Towse, J. N., & Hitch, G. J. (1995). Is there a relationship between task demand and storage space in tests of working memory capacity? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 108-124.
52. Towse, J. N., Hitch, G. J., & Hutton, U. (1998). A reevaluation of working memory capacity in children. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 195-217.
53. Wang, P. P., & Bellugi, U. (1994). Evidence from two genetic syndromes for a dissociation between verbal and visuo-spatial short-term memory. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 317-322.
54. Wilson, B. A., Baddeley, A. D., & Kapur, N. (1995). Dense amnesia in a professional musician following Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17, 668-681.