Changes in US health care access in the 90s: Race and income differences from the CARDIA study

Ethnicity and Disease

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 418-431

  Kiefe, Catarina I ^a,b,f   Williams, O Dale ^a   Weissman, Norman W ^a   Schreiner, Pamela J ^c   Sidney, Stephen ^d   Wallace, Dennis D ^e  

^a University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^b BIRMINGHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^d DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Accessibility; Employment; Income; Insurance; Race; Source of Care

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CLASSIFICATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECONOMICS; FEMALE; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMAN; INCOME; INSURANCE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; URBAN POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; COHORT STUDIES; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; FINANCING, PERSONAL; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMANS; INCOME; INSURANCE COVERAGE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; UNITED STATES; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 0034279377     PISSN: 1049510X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Jensen GA, Morrisey MA, Gaffney S, Liston DK. The new dominance of managed care: insurance trends in the 1990s. Health Aff. 1997;16(1):125-136.
2. Smith BM. Trends in health care coverage and financing and their implications for policy. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(14): 1000-1003.
3. Mann J, Melnick G, Bamezai A, Zwanziger J. Uncompensated care: hospitals, responses to fiscal pressures. Health Aff. 1995;14(1):263-270.
4. Pappas G, Hadden WC, Kozak LJ, Fisher GF. Potentially avoidable hospitalizations: inequalities in rates between US socioeconomic groups. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(5):811-816.
5. Weissman JS, Epstein AM. The insurance gap: does it make a difference? Ann Rev Public Health. 1993;14:243-270.
6. Millman M, ed. Access to Personal Health Services: Report of the IOM Committee on the Monitoring of Access to Personal Health Care Services. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1992.
7. Freeman HE, Blendon RJ, Aiken LH, Sudman S, Mullinix CF, Corey CR. Americans report on their access to health care. Health Aff. 1987;6:6-8.
8. Office of Technology Assessment. Does Health Insurance Make a Difference? Washington, DC: US Congress, US Government Printing Office; 1992. Background paper, OTA-BP-H-99.
9. Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU. Reverse targeting of preventive care due to lack of health insurance. JAMA. 1988;259(19):2872-2874.
10. Hafner-Eaton C. Physician utilization disparities between the uninsured and insured. Comparisons of the chronically ill, acutely ill, and well nonelderly populations. JAMA. 1991;269(6):787-792.
11. Hadley J, Steinberg EP, Feder J. Comparison of uninsured and privately insured hospital patients. Condition on admission, resource use, and outcome. JAMA. 1991;265(3):374-379.
12. Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, et al. Race, resource use, and survival in seriously ill hospitalized adults. The SUPPORT Investigators. J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11(7):387-396.
13. Pappas G. Elucidating the relationships between race, socioeconomic status, and health. Am J Public Health. 1994;84(6):892-893.
14. Blendon RJ, Aiken LH, Freeman HE, Corey CR. Access to medical care for Black and White Americans. A matter of continuing concern. JAMA. 1989;261(2):278-281.
15. Kochanek KD, Maurer JD, Rosenberg HM. Why did Black life expectancy decline from 1984 through 1989 in the United States? Am J Public Health. 1994;84(6):938-944.
16. Ginzberg E. Improving health care for the poor: lessons from the 1980s. JAMA. 1994;271(6):464-467.
17. Meadow A. Access to care under physician payment reform: a physician-based analysis. Health Care Financing Rev. 1995;17(2):195.
18. Hayward RA, Shapiro MF, Freeman HE, Corey CR. Inequities in health services among insured Americans. Do working-age adults have less access to medical care than the elderly? N Engl J Med. 1988;318(23):1507-1512.
19. Friedman GD, Cutter GR, Donahue RP, et al. CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(11):1105-1116.
20. Cutter GR, Burke GL, Dyer AR, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. The CARDIA baseline monograph. Control Clin Trials. 1991;12(suppl 1):1S-77S.
21. Kish L. A procedure of objective respondent selection within the household. J Am Statistical Assoc. 1949;44:380-387.
22. Rosner B. Fundamental of Biostatistics. 3rd ed. Boston, Mass: PWS-Kent; 1990.
23. Kiefe CI, Bild DE, Williams OD, McCreath H, Sekar P. Response rates over ten years: the CARDIA study. Can J Cardiol. 1997;13(suppl B):62B.
24. Health, United States, 1996-97 and Injury Chartbook.. Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1997:77-78.
25. Hand R, Sener S, Imperato J, Chmiel JS, Sylvester JA, Fremgen A. Hospital variables associated with quality of care for breast cancer patients. JAMA. 1991;266(24):3429-3432.
26. Franks P, Clancy CM, Gold MR. Health insurance and mortality: evidence from a national cohort. JAMA. 1993;270(6):737-741.
27. Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ, Backlund E, Bradham DD. Mortality in the uninsured compared with that in persons with public and private health insurance. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:2409-2416.
28. Braveman PA, Egerter S, Bennett T, Showstack J. Differences in hospital resource allocation among sick newborns according to insurance coverage. JAMA. 1991;266(23):3300-3308.
29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State-specific prevalence of lapses in health-care-insurance coverage-United States, 1995. JAMA. 1998;279(11):822, 824.
30. Bloom B, Simpson G, Cohen RA, Parsons PE. Access to health care, part 2: working-age adults. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat. 1997; 10(97).
31. Bindman AB, Grumbach K, Osmond D, et al. Preventable hospitalizations and access to health care. JAMA. 1995;274(4):305-311.
32. Weissman JS, Gatsonis C, Epstein AM. Rates of avoidable hospitalization by insurance status in Massachusetts and Maryland. JAMA. 1992;268 (17):2388-2394.
33. Selby JV. Cost sharing in the emergency department - Is it safe? Is it needed? N Engl J Med. 1997;336(24):1750-1751.
34. Selby JV, Fireman BH, Swain BE. Effect of a copayment on use of the emergency department in a health maintenance organization. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:635-641.
35. Magid DJ, Koepsell TD, Every NR, et al. Absence of association between insurance copayments and delays in seeking emergency care among patients with myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1722-1729.
36. Keeler EB, Brook RH, Goldenberg GA, Kamberg CJ, Newhouse JP. How free care reduced hypertension in the Health Insurance Experiment. JAMA. 1985:254:1926-1931.
37. Shapiro MF, Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. Effects of cost sharing on seeking care for serious and minor symptoms. Ann Intern Med. 1986:104:246-251.
38. Simon GE, VonKorff M, Durham ML. Predictors of outpatient mental health utilization by primary care patients in a health maintenance organization. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151:908-913.
39. Kiefe C, McKay S, Halevy A, Brody B. Is cost a barrier to screening mammography for low-income women on Medicare? A randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1217-1224.
40. Medicaid Access Study Group. Access of Medicaid recipients to outpatient care. New Engl J Med. 1994;330:1426-1430.
41. Bodenheimer T. Underinsurance in America. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:274-278.
42. Cutler DM, Gruber J. Medicaid and private insurance: evidence and implications. Health Aff. 1997;16(1):194-200.
43. Cooper PF, Steinberg-Schone B. More offers, fewer takers for employment-based health insurance: 1987 and 1996. Health Aff. 1997;16(6):142-149.
44. Hayward RA, Bernard AM, Freeman HE, Corey CR. Regular source of ambulatory care and access to health services [published erratum appears in Am J Public Health. 1991;81(7): 838]. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(4):434-438.
45. Hayward RA, Bernard AM, Freeman HE, Corey CR. Regular source of ambulatory care and access to health services [published erratum appears in Am J Public Health. 1991;81(7): 838]. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(4):434-438.
46. Lambrew JM, DeFriese GH, Carey TS, Ricketts TC, Biddle AK. The effects of having a regular doctor on access to primary care. Med Care. 1996;34(2):138-151.
47. Kiefe C, Hyman DY. Do public clinic systems provide health care access for the urban poor? A cross-sectional survey. J Community Health. 1996;21(1):61-70.
48. Penchansky R, Thomas JW. The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Med Care. 1981;19:127-140.