Polyphosphates: A review. Their chemistry and application with particular reference to mineral processing

Minerals Engineering

Volumn 13, Issue 10, 2000, Pages 1019-1035

  Rashchi, F ^a   Finch, J A ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGENTS; FLOTATION; INORGANIC POLYMERS;

POLYPHOSPHATES;

PHOSPHATES;

EID: 0034274133     PISSN: 08926875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00087-X     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Bassett, H., Bedwell, W.L. and Hutchinson, J.B., Studies of phosphates. Part IV. Pyrophosphates of some bivalent metals and their double salt, and solid solutions with sodium pyrophosphate. Journal of Chemical Society, 1936, 1412-1429.
2. Bobtelsky, M. and Kertes, S., The phosphorous of calcium, strontium, barium and magnesium: Their complex character, composition and behaviour. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1954, 4, 419-429.
3. Changgen, L. and Yongxin, L., Selective flotation of scheelite from calcium minerals with sodium oleate as a collector and phosphates as modifiers. II. The mechanism of the interaction between phosphate modifiers and minerals. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 1983, 10, 219-235.
4. Corbridge, D.E.C., Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology, 4th edn. 1990, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
5. Davies, C.W. and Monk, C.B., Condensed phosphoric acids and their salts, I. Soluble metaphosphates, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1949, 413-422
6. De Jager, H. and Heyns, A.M., Study of the hydrolysis of sodium polyphosphate in water using Raman spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy, 1998, 52, 808-814.
7. Farrell-Poe, K. and Etzel, J.E., Complexing of heavy metals with phosphates. In Proceedings of 46th Industrial Waste Conference. Purdue University, Lewis Publishers, 1991, pp. 329.
8. Feiler, A., Jenkins, P. and Ralston, J., Modification of particle adsorption and desorption processes using polyphosphates with reference to the management of "slimes" in mineral processing operations. In Polymers in Mineral Processing, ed. J.S. Laskowski, Quebec City, 1999, pp.123-137.
9. Flory, P.J., Statistical Mechanics of Chain Molecules. 1969, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
10. Fuliang, W. and Fenglou, L., Study on influence of calcium and magnesium ions on floatability of galena. Mining and Metallurgy, 1997, 6(4), 30-37.
11. Fytas K. and Evangelou B., Phosphate coating on pyrite to prevent acid mine drainage, International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 12, 1998, 101-104.
12. Grimes, S.M., Johnston, S.R. and Batchelder, D.N., Lead carbonate-phosphate system: solid-dilute solution exchange reactions in aqueous systems. Analyst, 1995, 120, 2741-2746.
13. Jones, H.W. and Monk, C.B., Condensed phosphoric acids and their salts, V. Dissociation constants of some tetrametaphosphates, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1950, 3475-3478.
14. Lamm, O., Measurement and calculation of sedimentation equilibrium of high-molecular metaphosphates. Arkiv fur Kemi Mineralogi och Geologi, 1944, 17A, 25-51.
15. Lee, J.D., Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edn. 1996, Chapman & Hall, London.
16. Lower, S.K., Maurice, P.A., Traina, SJ. and Carlson, E.H., Aqueous Pb sorption by hydroxylapatite: Applications of atomic force microscopy to dissolution, nucleation, and growth studies. American Mineralogist, 1998, 83, 147-158.
17. Ma, Q.Y., Traina, S.J., Logan, T.J. and Ryan, J.A., In situ lead immobilization by apatite. Environmental Science and Technology, 1993, 27, 1803-1810.
18. 2+ immobilization by hydroxyapatite. Environmental Science and Technology, 1994a, 28, 408-418.
19. Ma, Q.Y., Traina, S.J., Logan, T.J. and Ryan, J.A., Effects of aqueous A1, Cd, Cu, Fe+(II), Ni, and Zn on Pb immobilization by hydroxyapatite. Environmental Science and Technology, 1994b, 28, 1219-1228.
20. Ma, Q.Y., Logan, T.J. and Traina, S.J., Lead immobilization from aqueous solutions and contaminated soils using phosphate rocks. Environmental Science and Technology, 1995, 29, 1118-1126.
21. Michelmore, A., Gong, W., Jenkins, P., Schumann, R., and Ralston, J., The influence of polyphosphates in modifying the surface behavior and interactions of metal oxide particles. In Polymers in Mineral Processing, ed. J.S. Laskowski, Quebec City, 1999, pp. 231-245.
22. Miyajima, T., Onaka, T. and Ohashi, S., A gel chromatographic study on the interactions of long chain polyphosphate anions with magnesium ions. In Phosphorous Chemistry: Proceedings of the 1981 International Conference, eds. L.D. Quin & J.G. Verkade, 1981, pp. 377-380.
23. Monk, C.W., The condensed phosphoric acids and their salts, VI. Dissociation constants of strontium trimetaphosphate and tetrametaphosphate complexes, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1952, 1314-1317.
24. Nriagu, J.O., Lead orthophosphates: I. Solubility and hydrolysis of secondary lead orthophosphate. Inorganic Chemistry, 1972, 11, 2499-2503.
25. Nriagu, J.O., Lead orthophosphates: II. Stability of chloropyromorphite at 25°C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1973a, 37, 367-377.
26. Nriagu, J.O., Lead orthophosphates: III. Stability of fluoropyromorphite and bromopyromorphite at 25°C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1973b, 37, 1735-1743.
27. Nriagu, J.O., Lead orthophosphates: IV. Formulation and stability in the environment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1974, 38, 887-898.
28. Nriagu, J.O., Formation and stability of base metal phosphates in soils and sediments. In Phosphate Minerals, ed. J.O. Nriagu and P.B. Moore, Springer, Berlin, 1984, pp. 319-329.
29. Parks, J.R. and Van Wazer, J.R., Structure and properties of the condensed phosphates. XII. Reorganization theory and some applications. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1957, 79, 4890-4897.
30. Parsonage, P., Melven, D., Healy, A.F. and Watson, D., Depressant function in flotation of calcite, apatite and dolomite. In Reagents in the Minerals Industry, eds. M.J. Jones and R. Oblatt, 1984, pp. 33-45.
31. Ray, N.H., Inorganic Polymers, 1978, Academic Press, London.
32. Rogers, L. and Reynolds, C., Interaction of pyrophosphate ion with certain multivalent cations in aqueous solutions. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1949, 71, 2081-2085.
33. Ruby, M.V., Davis, A. and Nicholson, A., In situ formation of lead phosphates in soils as a method to immobilize lead. Environmental Science and Technology, 1994, 28, 646-654.
34. Samuelson, O., The constitution of Graham's salt. Svensk Kem. Tid., 1944, 56, 343-348.
35. Sauve, S., McBride, M. and, Hendershot, W., Lead phosphate solubility in water and soil suspensions. Environmental Science and Technology, 1998, 32, 388-393.
36. Scindewolf, U., Conductivity measurements on polyelectrolytes (polyphosphates), Zeitschrift fuer Physikalische Chemie, 1954, 1, 134-141.
37. Strauss, U.P., Smith, E.H. and Wineman, P.L., Polyphosphates as polyelectrolytes. I. Light scattering and viscosity of sodium polyphosphates in electrolyte solutions. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1953, 75, 3935-3940.
38. Strauss, U.P. and Treitler, T.L., Chain branching in glassy polyphosphates: Dependence on the Na/P ratio and rate of degradation at 25°C. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1955, 77, 1473-1476.
39. Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J., Aquatic Chemistry, 3rd edn. 1996, Wiley, New York.
40. Suzuki, T., Hatsushika, T. and Hayakawa, Y., Synthetic hydroxyapatites employed as inorganic cation exchangers. Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Transactions I, 1981, 77, 1059-1062.
41. Suzuki, T., Hatsushika, T. and Miyake, M., Synthetic hydroxyapatites as inorganic cation exchangers: 2. Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Transactions I, 1982, 78, 3605-3611.
42. 2+). Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Transactions I, 1984, 80, 3157-3165.
43. Svoboda, L. and Schmidt, U., Single column ion chromatography of linear polyphosphates. Journal of Chromatography A, 1997, 767(1), 107-113.
44. 2+ ions from water by addition of hydroxyapatite powder, 3. PH and sample conditioning effects. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 1990, 23, 75-80.
45. Takeuchi, Y., Suzuki, T. and Arai, H., A study of equilibrium and mass transfer in processes for removal of heavy metal ions by hydroxyapatite. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 1988, 21, 98-100.
46. Thilo, E. and Feldman, W., Condensed phosphates and arsenates. XXIII. The significance of the cation in paper chromatography of condensed phosphates. Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie., 1959, 298, 316-337.
47. Van Wazer, J.R., Structure and properties of the condensed phosphates. II. A theory of the molecular structure of sodium phosphate glasses. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1950, 72, 644-647.
48. Van Wazer, J.R. and Callis, C.F., Metal complexing by phosphates. Chemical Review, 1958, 58, 1011-1046.
49. Van Wazer, J.R. and Campanella, D.A., Structure and properties of the condensed phosphates. IV. Complex ion formation in polyphosphate solutions. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1950, 72, 655-663.
50. Van Wazer, J.R. and Karl-Kroupa, E., Existence of ring phosphates higher than the tetrametaphosphate. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1950, 78, 1772.
51. Wall, F.T. and Doremus, R.H., Electrolytic transference properties of polyphosphates. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1954, 76, 868-870.
52. Xu, Y. and Schwartz, F.W., Lead immobilization by hydroxyapatite in aqueous solutions. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 1994, 15, 187-206.