메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 614-622

Clinical trials in the elderly: Ethical and methodological considerations;Essais therapeutiques chez le sujet age: Particularites ethiques et methodologiques

Author keywords

Ageing; Clinical trial; Elderly; Ethics; Methodology

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ETHICS; GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH; HUMAN; INFORMED CONSENT; METHODOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BIOETHICS; MEDICAL ETHICS; REPRODUCIBILITY; RESEARCH; REVIEW;

EID: 0034235107     PISSN: 02488663     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0248-8663(00)80007-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0022401684 scopus 로고
    • Survey of the age structure of 'age relevant' articles in four general medical journals
    • 1 Clarfield AM, Friedman R. Survey of the age structure of 'age relevant' articles in four general medical journals. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985; 33:773-8.
    • (1985) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.33 , pp. 773-778
    • Clarfield, A.M.1    Friedman, R.2
  • 2
    • 0018579580 scopus 로고
    • Five year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. 1. Reduction in mortality
    • Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) Cooperative Group
    • 2 Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) Cooperative Group. Five year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. 1. Reduction in mortality. JAMA 1979; 242: 2562-71.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.242 , pp. 2562-2571
  • 3
    • 0001384022 scopus 로고
    • Report by the Management Committee: The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension
    • 3 Report by the Management Committee: the Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1980; i: 1261.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1261
  • 5
    • 0024373728 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in elderly patients
    • 5 Applegate WB. Hypertension in elderly patients. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 901-15.
    • (1989) Ann Intern Med , vol.110 , pp. 901-915
    • Applegate, W.B.1
  • 6
    • 0026782559 scopus 로고
    • The exclusion of the elderly and women from clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction
    • 6 Gurwitz JH, Col NF, Avorn J. The exclusion of the elderly and women from clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 1992; 268: 1417-22.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.268 , pp. 1417-1422
    • Gurwitz, J.H.1    Col, N.F.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 7
    • 0024503930 scopus 로고
    • The impact of age on the incidence and prognosis of initial acute myocardial infarction: The Worcester Heart Attack Study
    • 7 Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, Gurwitz JH. The impact of age on the incidence and prognosis of initial acute myocardial infarction: the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Am Heart J 1989; 117: 543-9.
    • (1989) Am Heart J , vol.117 , pp. 543-549
    • Goldberg, R.J.1    Gore, J.M.2    Gurwitz, J.H.3
  • 8
    • 0003405566 scopus 로고
    • National Institutes of Health publication No 91-2789. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health
    • 8 Ries LG, Hankey BF, Miller BA. Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1988. National Institutes of Health publication No 91-2789. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health; 1992.
    • (1992) Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1988
    • Ries, L.G.1    Hankey, B.F.2    Miller, B.A.3
  • 10
    • 0026734731 scopus 로고
    • Reasons for non-entry in randomized clinical trials for breast cancer: A single institutional study
    • 10 Kotwall CA, Mahoney LJ, Myers RE, Decoste L. Reasons for non-entry in randomized clinical trials for breast cancer: a single institutional study. J Surg Oncol 1992; 50: 125-9.
    • (1992) J Surg Oncol , vol.50 , pp. 125-129
    • Kotwall, C.A.1    Mahoney, L.J.2    Myers, R.E.3    Decoste, L.4
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0025909542 scopus 로고
    • The ambiguous relation between aging and adverse drug reactions
    • 14 Gurwitz JH, Avorn J. The ambiguous relation between aging and adverse drug reactions. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 956-66.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.114 , pp. 956-966
    • Gurwitz, J.H.1    Avorn, J.2
  • 15
    • 0029761276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General medical and ethical problems of drug treatment in the elderly
    • 15 Wolf R. General medical and ethical problems of drug treatment in the elderly. Thérapie 1996; 51: 424-8.
    • (1996) Thérapie , vol.51 , pp. 424-428
    • Wolf, R.1
  • 16
    • 0026795022 scopus 로고
    • Use of medications by persons 65 and over: Data from the established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly
    • 16 Chrischilles EA, Foley DJ, Wallace RB, Lemke JH, Semla TP, Hanlon JT, et al. Use of medications by persons 65 and over: data from the established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly. J Gerontol 1992; 47: 137-44.
    • (1992) J Gerontol , vol.47 , pp. 137-144
    • Chrischilles, E.A.1    Foley, D.J.2    Wallace, R.B.3    Lemke, J.H.4    Semla, T.P.5    Hanlon, J.T.6
  • 17
    • 0014481661 scopus 로고
    • Predisposing factors in adverse reactions to drugs
    • 17 Hurwitz N. Predisposing factors in adverse reactions to drugs. Br Med J 1969; 1: 536-9.
    • (1969) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 536-539
    • Hurwitz, N.1
  • 18
    • 0018956582 scopus 로고
    • Adverse reactions to prescribed drugs in the elderly: A multicenter investigation
    • 18 Williamson J, Chopin JM. Adverse reactions to prescribed drugs in the elderly: A multicenter investigation. Age Ageing 1980; 9: 73-9.
    • (1980) Age Ageing , vol.9 , pp. 73-79
    • Williamson, J.1    Chopin, J.M.2
  • 20
    • 0030931530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and pharmacology
    • 20 Vestal RE. Aging and pharmacology. Cancer 1997; 80: 1302-10.
    • (1997) Cancer , vol.80 , pp. 1302-1310
    • Vestal, R.E.1
  • 21
    • 0018978684 scopus 로고
    • Patient heterogeneity in clinical trials
    • 21 Simon R. Patient heterogeneity in clinical trials. Cancer Treat Rep 1980; 64: 405-10.
    • (1980) Cancer Treat Rep , vol.64 , pp. 405-410
    • Simon, R.1
  • 22
    • 0023194609 scopus 로고
    • Human aging: Usual and successful
    • 22 Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Human aging: Usual and successful. Science 1987; 237: 143-9.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 143-149
    • Rowe, J.W.1    Kahn, R.L.2
  • 24
    • 85045808798 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials and the elderly
    • 24 Wassertheil-Smoller S. Clinical trials and the elderly [letter]. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 497.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 497
    • Wassertheil-Smoller, S.1
  • 26
    • 0029973937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials in the elderly. Should we do more?
    • 26 Cameron HJ, Williams BO. Clinical trials in the elderly. Should we do more? Drugs Aging 1996; 9: 307-10.
    • (1996) Drugs Aging , vol.9 , pp. 307-310
    • Cameron, H.J.1    Williams, B.O.2
  • 27
    • 0020975041 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials and drug toxicity in the elderly. The experience of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
    • 27 Begg CB, Carbone PP. Clinical trials and drug toxicity in the elderly. The experience of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer 1983; 52: 1986-92.
    • (1983) Cancer , vol.52 , pp. 1986-1992
    • Begg, C.B.1    Carbone, P.P.2
  • 28
    • 0028104998 scopus 로고
    • Treatment tolerance of elderly cancer patients entered onto phase II clinical trials: An Illinois Cancer Center Study
    • 28 Giovanazzi-Bannon S, Rademaker A, Lai G, Benson III AB. Treatment tolerance of elderly cancer patients entered onto phase II clinical trials: an Illinois Cancer Center study. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 2447-52.
    • (1994) J Clin Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 2447-2452
    • Giovanazzi-Bannon, S.1    Rademaker, A.2    Lai, G.3    Benson A.B. III4
  • 29
    • 0023525777 scopus 로고
    • Should the elderly hypertensive be treated? Evidence from clinical trials
    • 29 Davidson RA, Caranasos GJ. Should the elderly hypertensive be treated? Evidence from clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 1933-7.
    • (1987) Arch Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 1933-1937
    • Davidson, R.A.1    Caranasos, G.J.2
  • 30
    • 0004034867 scopus 로고
    • Rockville (MD): Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Drug Evaluation (HFD-100)
    • 30 Food and Drug Administration. Guideline for the study of drugs likely to be used in the elderly (DHHS Publication). Rockville (MD): Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Drug Evaluation (HFD-100); 1989.
    • (1989) Guideline for the Study of Drugs Likely to be Used in the Elderly (DHHS Publication)
  • 31
    • 0027251048 scopus 로고
    • Le volontaire sain âgé: Une nécessité
    • 31 Allain H, Le Coz F, Bureau M. Le volontaire sain âgé: une nécessité. Thérapie 1993; 48: 239-42.
    • (1993) Thérapie , vol.48 , pp. 239-242
    • Allain, H.1    Le Coz, F.2    Bureau, M.3
  • 32
    • 0026033776 scopus 로고
    • Factors that motivate healthy adults to participate in phase 1 drug trials
    • 32 Kirkpatrick MA. Factors that motivate healthy adults to participate in phase 1 drug trials. Drug Inf J 1991; 25: 109-13.
    • (1991) Drug Inf J , vol.25 , pp. 109-113
    • Kirkpatrick, M.A.1
  • 33
    • 0030758559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial participant satisfaction: Survey of SHEP enrolles
    • SHEP Coopérative Research Group. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
    • 33 Schron EB, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Pressel S. Clinical trial participant satisfaction: survey of SHEP enrolles. SHEP Coopérative Research Group. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45: 934-8.
    • (1997) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.45 , pp. 934-938
    • Schron, E.B.1    Wassertheil-Smoller, S.2    Pressel, S.3
  • 34
    • 0024504188 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials in elderly subjects
    • 34 Turner P. Clinical trials in elderly subjects. Postgrad Med J 1989; 65: 218-20.
    • (1989) Postgrad Med J , vol.65 , pp. 218-220
    • Turner, P.1
  • 35
    • 0016809941 scopus 로고
    • Médical expérimentation in the elderly
    • 35 Bernstein J, Nelson K. Médical expérimentation in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1975; 23: 327-9.
    • (1975) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.23 , pp. 327-329
    • Bernstein, J.1    Nelson, K.2
  • 36
    • 0021086229 scopus 로고
    • Readability of informed consent forms for research in a Vétérans Administration Médical Center
    • 36 Baker MT, Taub HA. Readability of informed consent forms for research in a Vétérans Administration Médical Center. JAMA 1983; 250: 2646-8.
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.250 , pp. 2646-2648
    • Baker, M.T.1    Taub, H.A.2
  • 37
    • 0018849820 scopus 로고
    • How readable are subject consent forms
    • 37 Morrow GR. How readable are subject consent forms. JAMA 1980; 244: 56-68.
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.244 , pp. 56-68
    • Morrow, G.R.1
  • 38
    • 0025768222 scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial comparing quantitative informed consent formats
    • 38 Simel DL, Feussner JR. A randomized controlled trial comparing quantitative informed consent formats. J Clin Epidemiol 1991; 44: 771-7.
    • (1991) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.44 , pp. 771-777
    • Simel, D.L.1    Feussner, J.R.2
  • 39
    • 85031589172 scopus 로고
    • Le consentement: « le point de vue d'une éthique rationnelle »
    • 39 Isambert F. Le consentement: « le point de vue d'une éthique rationnelle ». Méd Hygiène 1986; 44: 2021-3.
    • (1986) Méd Hygiène , vol.44 , pp. 2021-2023
    • Isambert, F.1
  • 40
    • 0017304984 scopus 로고
    • The fiction of informed consent
    • 40 Laforet E. The fiction of informed consent. JAMA 1976; 235: 1579-85.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.235 , pp. 1579-1585
    • Laforet, E.1
  • 42
    • 0016838939 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on informed consent in non-therapeutic research
    • 42 Garnham JC. Some observations on informed consent in non-therapeutic research. J Med Ethics 1975; 1: 138-45.
    • (1975) J Med Ethics , vol.1 , pp. 138-145
    • Garnham, J.C.1
  • 43
    • 0019120758 scopus 로고
    • Informed consent, memory and age
    • 43 Taub HA. Informed consent, memory and age. Gerontologist 1980; 20: 686-90.
    • (1980) Gerontologist , vol.20 , pp. 686-690
    • Taub, H.A.1
  • 44
    • 0019449716 scopus 로고
    • The elderly patient and informed consent: Effects of vocabulary level and corrected feedback
    • 44 Taub HA, Kline GE, Baker MT. The elderly patient and informed consent: Effects of vocabulary level and corrected feedback. Exp Aging Res 1981; 7: 137-46.
    • (1981) Exp Aging Res , vol.7 , pp. 137-146
    • Taub, H.A.1    Kline, G.E.2    Baker, M.T.3
  • 45
    • 0021146731 scopus 로고
    • The elderly patient and informed consent: Empirical findings
    • 45 Stanley B, Guido J, Stanley M, Shortell D. The elderly patient and informed consent: Empirical findings. JAMA 1984; 252: 1302-6.
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.252 , pp. 1302-1306
    • Stanley, B.1    Guido, J.2    Stanley, M.3    Shortell, D.4
  • 46
    • 0025163749 scopus 로고
    • Designing and executing randomized clinical trials involving elderly persons
    • 46 Applegate WB, Curb JD. Designing and executing randomized clinical trials involving elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38: 943-50.
    • (1990) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.38 , pp. 943-950
    • Applegate, W.B.1    Curb, J.D.2
  • 48
    • 0021276170 scopus 로고
    • Clinical research in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: Suggested guidelines addressing the ethical and légal issues
    • 48 Melnick VL, Dubler NN. Clinical research in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: suggested guidelines addressing the ethical and légal issues. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984; 32: 531-41.
    • (1984) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.32 , pp. 531-541
    • Melnick, V.L.1    Dubler, N.N.2
  • 49
    • 0024166188 scopus 로고
    • Assessing patient's capacities to consent to treatment
    • 49 Appelbaum PS, Grisso T. Assessing patient's capacities to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1635-8.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1635-1638
    • Appelbaum, P.S.1    Grisso, T.2
  • 50
    • 0004138223 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating competencies: Forensic assessments and instruments
    • Sales BD, ed. New York: Plenum Press
    • 50 Grisso T. Evaluating competencies: forensic assessments and instruments. In: Sales BD, ed. Perspectives in law and psychology, 7. New York: Plenum Press; 1986.
    • (1986) Perspectives in Law and Psychology , vol.7
    • Grisso, T.1
  • 51
    • 0023909950 scopus 로고
    • Assessing judgments
    • 51 Kaplan KH. Assessing judgments. Gen Hosp Psychol 1988; 9: 202-8.
    • (1988) Gen Hosp Psychol , vol.9 , pp. 202-208
    • Kaplan, K.H.1
  • 52
    • 0018240061 scopus 로고
    • Videotape aids informed consent decision
    • 52 Barbour GL, Blumenkrantz MJ. Videotape aids informed consent decision. JAMA 1978; 240: 2741-2.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 2741-2742
    • Barbour, G.L.1    Blumenkrantz, M.J.2
  • 53
    • 0016401626 scopus 로고
    • The two-part consent form. A suggestion for promoting free and informed consent
    • 53 Miller R, Willner HS. The two-part consent form. A suggestion for promoting free and informed consent. N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 964-6.
    • (1974) N Engl J Med , vol.290 , pp. 964-966
    • Miller, R.1    Willner, H.S.2
  • 54
    • 0025071031 scopus 로고
    • Clinicat trials in the elderly. Pivotal points
    • 54 Kitler ME. Clinicat trials in the elderly. Pivotal points. Clin Geriatr Med 1990; 6: 235-55.
    • (1990) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.6 , pp. 235-255
    • Kitler, M.E.1
  • 55
    • 0023508112 scopus 로고
    • Clinical research in the elderly: Ethical and methodological considerations
    • 55 Bell JA, May FE, Steward RB. Clinical research in the elderly: Ethical and methodological considerations. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1987; 21: 1002-7.
    • (1987) Drug Intell Clin Pharm , vol.21 , pp. 1002-1007
    • Bell, J.A.1    May, F.E.2    Steward, R.B.3
  • 56
    • 0019805071 scopus 로고
    • The conduct of clinical trials in the impaired elderly
    • 56 Gershon S. The conduct of clinical trials in the impaired elderly. Psychopharmacol Bull 1981; 17: 108-16.
    • (1981) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.17 , pp. 108-116
    • Gershon, S.1
  • 57
    • 0026823619 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials and clinical practice in the elderly. A focus on hypertension
    • 57 Kitler ME. Clinical trials and clinical practice in the elderly. A focus on hypertension. Drugs Aging 1992; 2: 86-94.
    • (1992) Drugs Aging , vol.2 , pp. 86-94
    • Kitler, M.E.1
  • 58
    • 0026638989 scopus 로고
    • Components of blood pressure variability in the elderly and effects on sample size calculations for clinical trials
    • 58 Silagy CA, McNeil JJ, Parish S, McCloud PI, McGrath BP. Components of blood pressure variability in the elderly and effects on sample size calculations for clinical trials. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 449-58.
    • (1992) Am J Hypertens , vol.5 , pp. 449-458
    • Silagy, C.A.1    McNeil, J.J.2    Farish, S.3    McCloud, P.I.4    McGrath, B.P.5
  • 59
    • 0028868403 scopus 로고
    • Scientific and ethical concerns in clinical trials in Alzheimer's patients: The bridging study
    • 59 Cutler NR, Sramek JJ. Scientific and ethical concerns in clinical trials in Alzheimer's patients: the bridging study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 48: 421-8.
    • (1995) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 421-428
    • Cutler, N.R.1    Sramek, J.J.2
  • 60
    • 0026788495 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials in cognitive impairment in the elderly
    • 60 Forette F. Panisset M, Boller F. Clinical trials in cognitive impairment in the elderly. Aging (Milano) 1992; 4: 239-50.
    • (1992) Aging (Milano) , vol.4 , pp. 239-250
    • Forette, F.1    Panisset, M.2    Boller, F.3
  • 61
    • 0032436429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soliciting defined populations to recruit samples of high-risk older adults
    • 61 Boult C, Boult L, Morishita L, Pirie P. Soliciting defined populations to recruit samples of high-risk older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1998; 53: 379-84.
    • (1998) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.53 , pp. 379-384
    • Boult, C.1    Boult, L.2    Morishita, L.3    Pirie, P.4
  • 63
    • 0024517648 scopus 로고
    • The elderly in clinical trials
    • 63 Kitler ME. The elderly in clinical trials. Drug Inf J 1989; 23: 123-37.
    • (1989) Drug Inf J , vol.23 , pp. 123-137
    • Kitler, M.E.1
  • 64
    • 0008575189 scopus 로고
    • Methodological considerations for geriatric drug testing (phase 1 and 2 trials)
    • 64 Vestal RE. Methodological considerations for geriatric drug testing (phase 1 and 2 trials). Drug Inf J 1985; 19: 435-45.
    • (1985) Drug Inf J , vol.19 , pp. 435-445
    • Vestal, R.E.1
  • 65
    • 0028337267 scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant drug therapy in the elderly: A critical review of the controlled clinical trials conducted since 1980
    • 65 Volz HP, Möller HJ. Antidepressant drug therapy in the elderly: a critical review of the controlled clinical trials conducted since 1980. Pharmacopsychiatry 1994; 27: 93-100.
    • (1994) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 93-100
    • Volz, H.P.1    Möller, H.J.2
  • 66
    • 0025350996 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of elderly people about clinical research in aging
    • 66 Kaye JM, Lawton P, Kaye D. Attitudes of elderly people about clinical research in aging. Gerontologist 1990; 30: 100-6.
    • (1990) Gerontologist , vol.30 , pp. 100-106
    • Kaye, J.M.1    Lawton, P.2    Kaye, D.3
  • 67
    • 0031157021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials referral resource. Clinical trials in elderly patients
    • 67 Cheson BD, Nelson A. Clinical trials referral resource. Clinical trials in elderly patients. Oncology (Huntingt) 1997; 11: 838-42.
    • (1997) Oncology (Huntingt) , vol.11 , pp. 838-842
    • Cheson, B.D.1    Nelson, A.2
  • 68
    • 0025221867 scopus 로고
    • Outcome criteria in clinical trials with elderly subjects
    • 68 Bowes SG, Dobbs SM. Dobbs RJ, Weller C. Outcome criteria in clinical trials with elderly subjects. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 353-5.
    • (1990) Age Ageing , vol.19 , pp. 353-355
    • Bowes, S.G.1    Dobbs, S.M.2    Dobbs, R.J.3    Weller, C.4
  • 70
    • 0028450997 scopus 로고
    • The trials and tribulations of clinical trials in the elderly
    • 70 Curb JD. The trials and tribulations of clinical trials in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994; 42: 682-3.
    • (1994) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.42 , pp. 682-683
    • Curb, J.D.1
  • 71
    • 0017042882 scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. Introduction and design
    • 71 Peto R, Armitage P, Breslow NE, Cox DR, Howard SV, et al. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. Introduction and design. Br J Cancer 1976; 34: 585-612.
    • (1976) Br J Cancer , vol.34 , pp. 585-612
    • Peto, R.1    Armitage, P.2    Breslow, N.E.3    Cox, D.R.4    Howard, S.V.5
  • 72
    • 0027987224 scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccine in the elderly. Scientific scrutiny and ethical responsibility
    • 72 Patriarca PA. A randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccine in the elderly. Scientific scrutiny and ethical responsibility. JAMA 1994; 272: 1700-1.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1700-1701
    • Patriarca, P.A.1
  • 73
    • 0008544846 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of clinical trials
    • Shapiro SH, Louis TA, eds. New York: Marcel Dekker
    • 73 Meier P. Statistical analysis of clinical trials. In: Shapiro SH, Louis TA, eds. Clinical trials. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1983. p 155-89.
    • (1983) Clinical Trials , pp. 155-189
    • Meier, P.1
  • 74
    • 0023605109 scopus 로고
    • The clinical investigation of drugs for use by the elderly: Food and drug guidelines
    • 74 Temple RT. The clinical investigation of drugs for use by the elderly: Food and drug guidelines. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 42: 681-5.
    • (1987) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.42 , pp. 681-685
    • Temple, R.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.