CDT as a marker of alcohol abuse: A review;La transferrine deficiente en hydrates de carbone: Quoi de neuf 20 ans plus tard?

Annales de Biologie Clinique

Volumn 58, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 298-309

  Schellenberg, F ^a   Mouray, H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF TOURS   (France)

Author keywords

Alcohol abuse; CDT; Marker; Transferrin

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; ISOPROTEIN; TRANSFERRIN;

AGE; ALCOHOL ABUSE; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE MARKER; GLYCOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; KINETICS; MARRIAGE; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SEX; ALCOHOLISM; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

ALCOHOLISM; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLYCOPROTEINS; HUMANS; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TRANSFERRIN;

EID: 0034182026     PISSN: 00033898     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Stibler H, Allgulander C, Borg S, Kjellin KG. Abnormal microheterogeneity of transferrin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in alcoholism. Acta Med Scand 1978 ; 204 : 49-56.
2. Stibler H, Borg S. Evidence of a reduced sialic acid content in serum transferrin in male alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1981 ; 5 : 545-9.
3. Stibler H, Borg S. Carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin in alcoholic patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986 ; 10 : 61-4.
4. De Jong G, Van Dijk JP, Van Eijk HG. The biology of transferrin. Clin Chim Acta 1990 ; 190 : 1-46.
5. Xin Y, Lasker JM, Lieber CS. Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin : mechanism of increase after chronic alcohol intake. Hepatology 1995 ; 22 : 1462-8.
6. Tuma D, Sorell M. Effect of ethanol on hepatic secretory proteins. Recent Dev Alcohol 1984 ; 2 : 159-80.
7. Ashwell G, Harford J. Carbohydrate specific receptors of the liver. Ann Rev Biochem 1982 ; 51 : 531-54.
8. Landberg E, Pahlsson P, Lundblad A, Arnetorp A, Jeppsson JO. Carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin isoforms from patients with high alcohol consumption. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1995; 210: 267-74.
9. Stibler H, Sidow O. Quantitative estimation of abnormal microheterogeneity of serum transferrin in alcoholics. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1980 ; 13 (suppl. 1): 47-51.
10. Schellenberg F, Weill J. Serum desialotransferrin in the detection of alcohol abuse : definition of a tf index. Drug Alcohol Depend 1987 ; 19 : 181-91.
11. Löf K, Koivula T, Seppä K, Fukunaga T, Sillanaukee P. Semi-automatic method for determination of different isoforms of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Clin Chim Acta 1993 ; 217 : 175-86.
12. Godsell PA, Whitfield JB, Conigrave KM, Hanratty SJ, Saunders JB. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin levels in hazardous alcohol consumption. Alcohol Alcohol 1995 ; 30 : 61-6.
13. Xin Y, Lasker JM, Rosman AS, Lieber CS. Isoelectric focusing/western blotting : a novel and pratical method for quantitation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1991 ; 15 : 814-21.
14. Bean P, Peter JB. A new approach 10 quantitate carbohydrate-deficient transferrin isoforms in alcohol abusers : partial iron saturation in isoelectric focusing/immunoblotting and laser densitometry. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993 ; 17 : 1163-70.
15. Vesterberg O, Petren S, Schmidt D. Increased concentrations of a transferrin variant after alcohol abuse. Clin Chim Acta 1984 ; 141 : 33-9.
16. Kwoh-Gain I, Fletcher LM, Price J, Powell LW, Halliday JW. Desialylated transterrin and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase compared as laboratory markers of excessive alcohol consumption. Clin Chem 1990 ; 36: 841-5.
17. Stibler H, Borg S, Joustra M. A modified method for the assay of carbohydrate-deficient transterrin (CDT) in serum. Alcohol Alcohol 1991 ; (suppl. 1): 451-4.
18. Bell H, Tallaksen CCM, Haug E, Try K. A comparison between two commercial methods for determining carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT). Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994 ; 54 : 453-7.
19. Viitala K. Lähdesmäki K, Niemelä O. Comparison of the Axis %CDT TIA and the CDTect method as laboratory tests of alcohol abuse. Clin Chem 1998 ; 44: 1209-15.
20. Vernet M, Renversez JC, Revenant MC, et al. Étude multicentrique du dosage de la transferrine déficiente en acide sialique par deux techniques chromatographiques. Ann Biol Clin 1994 ; 52 : 535-46.
21. Schellenberg F, Martin M, Caces E, Bénard JY, Weill J. Nephelometric determination of carbohydrate deficient transferrin. Clin Chem 1996 ; 42 : 551-7.
22. Jeppsson JO, Kristensson H, Fimiani C. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin quantified by HPLC to determine heavy consumption of alcohol. Clin Chem 1993 ; 39 : 2115-20.
23. Renner F, Kanitz RD. Quantification of carbohydrate deficient transferrin by ion exchange chromatography with an enzymatically prepared calibrator. Clin Chem 1997 ; 40 : 485-90.
24. Sillanaukee P, Löf K, Härlin A. Martensson O, Brandt R, Seppä K. Comparison of different methods for detecting carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994 ; 18 : 1150-5.
25. Heggli DE, Aurebekk A, Granum B, Westby C, Sundrehagen E. Should trisialotransferrin be included when calculating CDT for diagnosing elevated alcohol intake ? Alcohol Alcohol 1996 ; 31 : 381-4.
26. Prasad R, Stout RL, Coffin D, Smith J. Analysis of carbohydrate deficient transferrin by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1997; 18: 1814-8.
27. Tagliaro F, Crivellente F, Manetto G, Puppi I, Deyl Z, Marigo M. Optimized determination of carbohydrate-deficient transterrin isoforms in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1998 ; 19 : 3033-9.
28. Yoshikawa K, Umetsu K, Shinzawa H, et al. Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin separated by lectin affinity chromatography for detecting chronic alcohol abuse. FEBS Lett 1999 ; 458 : 112-6.
29. Keating J, Cheung C, Peters TJ, Przemioslo R, Williams R, Sherwood RA. Carbohydrate deficient transterrin in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease : a comparison of two assay methods. Addiction Biology 1998 ; 3 : 205-11.
30. Martensson O, Härlin A, Brandt R, Seppä K, Sillanaukee P. Transterrin isoform distribution : gender and alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997 ; 21 : 1710-5.
31. La Grange L, Anton RF, Garcia S, Herrbold C. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin levels in a female population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995 ; 19: 100-3.
32. Stauber RE, Vollmann H, Pesserl I, et al. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in healthy women : relation to estrogens and iron status. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 ; 20 : 1114-7.
33. De Jong G, Van Noort WL, Feelders RA, De Jeu-Jaspars CMG, Van Eijk HG. Adaptation of transferrin protein and glycan synthesis. Clin Chim Acta 1992 ; 212 : 27-45.
34. De Feo TM, Fargion S, Duca L, et al. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a sensitive marker of chronic alcohol abuse, is highly influenced by body iron. Hepatology 1999 ; 29 : 658-63.
35. Sorvajärvi K, Blake JE, Israel Y, Niemelä O. Sensitivity and specificity of carbohydrate deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol abuse are significantly influenced by alterations in serum transferrin : comparison of two methods. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 : 20 : 449-54.
36. Nalpas B, Hispard E, Thepot V, Pol S, Dally S, Berthelot P. A comparative study between carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the diagnosis of excessive drinking in a liver unit. J Hepatol 1997 ; 27 : 1003-8.
37. Arndt T, Hackler R, Muller T, Kleine TO, Gressner AM. Increased serum concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patients with combined pancreas and kidney transplantation. Clin Chem 1997; 43 : 344-51.
38. Larsson A, Flodin M, Kollberg H. Increased serum concentrations of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in patients with cystic fibrosis. Ups J Med Sci 1998; 103 : 231-6.
39. Agelink MW, Dirkes-Kersting A, Zeit T, Bertling R, Malessa R, Klieser E. Sensitivity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in relation to age and duration of abstinence. Alcohol Alcohol 1998 ; 33 : 164-7.
40. Helander A. Absolute or relative measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum ? Experiences with three immunological assays. Clin Chem 1999 ; 45 : 131-5.
41. Peneda JA, Fonseca A, Neves M, et al. Asialotransferrin discriminating excessive subacute and chronic active alcohol consumption : clinical usefulness in hepatic disease. Acta Med Port 1996 ; 9 : 103-11.
42. Grimsrud K, Sundrehagen E. Units, mg/l or % CDT for detection of harmful alcohol consumption ? Addiction Biology 1997 ; 2 : 229-31.
43. Keating J, Cheung C, Peters TJ, Sherwood RA. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the assessment of alcohol misuse : absolute or relative measurements ? A comparison of two methods with regard to total transferrin concentration. Clin Chim Acta 1998 ; 272 : 159-69.
44. Huseby NE, Nilssen O, Kanitz RD. Evaluation of two biological markers combined as a parameter of alcohol dependency. Alcohol Alcohol 1997 ; 32: 731-7.
45. Schellenberg F, Bénard JY, Le Goff AM, Bourdin C, Weill J. Evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin compared with Tf index and other markers of alcohol abuse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1989 ; 13 : 605-10.
46. Anton R, Bean P. Two methods for measuring carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in inpatient alcoholics and healthy controls compared. Clin Chem 1994 ; 40 : 364-8.
47. Stibler H, Dahlgren L, Borg S. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in women with early alcohol addiction. Alcohol 1988 ; 5 : 393-8.
48. Sillanaukee P, Seppä K, Löf K, Koivula T. CDT by anion-exchange chromatography followed by RIA as a marker of heavy drinking among men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993 ; 17 : 230-3.
49. Löf K, Seppä K, Itälä L, Koivula T, Turpeinen U, Sillanaukee P. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as an alcohol marker among female heavy drinkers : a population-based study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994 ; 18 : 889-94.
50. Planche F, Hourcade F, Albuisson E, Meunier MN, Planche R, Reynaud M. Dosage de la carbohydrate deficient transferrin : diagnostic des patients alcooliques dépendants à gamma GT normales. Alcoologie 1997 ; 19 : 407-12.
51. Stibler H, Hulterantz R. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum in patients with liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1987 ; 11 : 468-73.
52. Ouyahya F, Bacq Y, Schellenberg F, Metman EH, Weill J. Transferrine déficiente en acide sialiqne et maladies du foie. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1995 ; 19: 698-702.
53. Meregalli M, Giacomini V, Lino S, et al. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcohol and nonalcohol abusers with liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995 ; 19: 1525-7.
54. Murawaki Y, Sugisaki H, Yuasa I, Kawasaki H. Serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin in patients with nonalcoholic liver disease and with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 1997 ; 259 : 97-108.
55. Spies CD, Ashkabous E, Neumann T, et al. Relevance of carbohydrate deficient transferrin as a predictor of alcoholism in intensive care patients following trauma. J Trauma 1995 ; 39: 742-8.
56. Bell H, Tallaksen CME, Try K, Haug E. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and other markers of high alcohol consumption : a study of 502 patients admitted consecutively to a medical department. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994 ; 18: 1103-8.
57. Yersin B, Nicolet JF, Decrey H. Burnier M, Van Melle G, Pécoud A. Screening for excessive alcohol drinking. Arch Int Med 1995; 155: 1907-11.
58. Mikkelsen IM, Kanitz RD, Nilssen O, Huseby NE. Carbohydrate-deficent transferrin : marker of actual alcohol consumption or chronic alcohol misuse ? Alcohol Alcohol 1998 ; 33 : 646-50.
59. Spies CD, Von Winterfeld A, Muller C, et al. Reliability of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to detect chronic alcohol misuse in carcinoma patients. Eur Addiction Res 1996 ; 2 : 156-62.
60. Poupon RE, Schellenherg F, Nalpas B, Weill J. Assessment of the transferrin index in screening heavy drinkers from a general practice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1989 ; 13 : 549-53.
61. Nyström M, Peräsalo J, Salaspuro M. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum as a possible indicator of heavy drinking in young university students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992 ; 16 : 93-7.
62. Nilssen O, Huseby NE, Hoyer G, Brenn T, Schirmer H, Forde OH. New alcohol markers : how useful are they in population studies : the Svalbard study 1988-1989. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992 ; 16 : 82-6.
63. Allen JP, Sillanaukee P, Anton R. Contribution of carbohydrate deficient transferrin to gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in evaluating progress of patients in treatment for alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999 ; 23: 115-20.
64. Oslin DW, Pettinati HM, Luck G, Semwanga A, Cnaan A, O'Brien CP. Clinical correlations with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels in women with alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998; 22: 1981-5.
65. Huseby NE, Nilssen O, Erfurth A, Wetterling T, Kanitz RD. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and alcohol dependency : variation in response to alcohol intake among different groups of patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Rss 1997 ; 21 : 1-5.
66. Stowell LI, Fawcett JP, Brooke M, Robinson GM, Stanton WR. Comparison of two commercial test kits for quantification of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin. Alcohol Alcohol 1997 ; 32 : 507-16.
67. Sillanaukee P, Aalto M, Seppa K. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and conventional alcohol markers as indicators for brief intervention among heavy drinkers in primary health care. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998 ; 22 : 892-6.
68. Schellenberg F, Bénard JY, Cacès E, Weill J. Influence de la quantité d'alcool et de la régularité de sa consummation sur l'élévation de la transferrine désialyléc sérique. Cahiers de l'Ireb 1989; 9 : 195-201.
69. Stibler H, Borg S, Joustra, M. Micro union exchange chromatography of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum in relation to alcohol consumption (swedish patent 8400587-5). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986 ; 10: 535-44.
70. Bell H, Tallaksen C, Sjaheim T, et al. Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol consumption in patients with chronic liver diseases. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993 ; 17 : 246-52.
71. Meerkerk GJ Njoo KH, Bongers IM, Trienekens P, van Oers JA. The specificity of the CDT assay in general practice : the influence of common chronic diseases and medication on the serum CDT concentration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998 ; 22 : 908-13.
72. Lesch OM, Walter H, Freitag H, et al. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin as a screening marker for drinking in a general hospital population. Alcohol Alcohol 1996 ; 31 : 249-56.
73. Bean P, Sutphin MS, Liu YS, Anton R, Reynolds TB, Shoenfeld Y, Peter JB. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and false positive results for alcohol abuse and primary biliary cirrhosis : differential diagnosis by detection of mitochondrial autoantibodies. Clin Chem 1995 ; 41 : 858-61.
74. Salmela KS, Laitinen K, Salaspuro M. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin during 3 weeks' heavy alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994 ; 18 : 228-30.
75. Huseby NF, Bjordal E, Nilssen O, Barth T. Utility of biological markers during outpatient treatment of alcohol-dependent subjects : Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin responds to moderate changes in alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997 ; 21 : 1343-6.
76. Helander A, Carlsson S. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels during disulfiram therapy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 ; 20 : 1202-5.
77. Lesch OM, Walter H, Antal J, et al. Alcohol dependence : is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin a marker for alcohol intake ? Alcohol Alcohol 1996 ; 31 : 257-64.
78. Mitchell C, Simpson D, Chick J. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in detecting relapse in alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 1997 ; 48 : 97-103.
79. Rosman AS, Basu P, Galvin K, Lieber CS. Utility of carbohydrate deficient transferrin as a marker of relapse in alcoholic patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995; 19: 611-6.
80. Reynaud M, Hourcade F, Planche F, Albuisson E, Meunier MN, Planche R. Usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcoholic patients with normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998 ; 22 : 615-8.