Vertical gradients in photosynthetic light response within an old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock canopy

Tree Physiology

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 447-456

  Lewis, J D ^a,c   McKane, R B ^b   Tingey, D T ^b   Beedlow, P A ^b  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^c FORDHAM UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon assimilation; Leaf irradiance; Light compensation point; Photosynthesis; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Respiration; Tsuga heterophylla

Indexed keywords

FOREST CANOPY; LIGHT EFFECT; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHESIS;

PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA;

EID: 0034176838     PISSN: 0829318X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/20.7.447     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Bassow, S.L. and F.A. Bazzaz. 1998. How environmental conditions affect canopy leaf-level photosynthesis in four deciduous tree species. Ecology 79:2660-2675.
2. Beadle, C.L., R.E. Neilson, H. Talbot and P.G. Jarvis. 1985. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in a mature Scots pine forest. I. Diurnal, seasonal and spatial varation in shoots. J. Appl. Ecol. 22:557-571.
3. Björkman, O. 1981. Responses to different quantum flux densities. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. Vol. 12A. Eds. O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond and H. Ziegler. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 57-107.
4. Boardman, N. K. 1977. Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28:355-377.
5. Bond, B.J., B.T. Farnsworth, R.A. Coulombe and W.E. Winner. 1999. Foliage physiology and biochemistry in response to light gradients in conifers with varying shade tolerance. Oecologia 120:183-192.
6. Brooks, J.R., T.M. Hinckley, E.D. Ford and D.G. Sprugel. 1991. Foliage dark respiration in Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes: variation within the canopy. Tree Physiol. 9:325-338.
7. Brooks, J.R., T.M. Hinckley and D.G. Sprugel. 1994. Acclimation responses of mature Abies amabilis sun foliage to shading. Oecologia 100:316-324.
8. Brooks, J.R., D.G. Sprugel and T.M. Hinckley. 1996. The effects of light acclimation during and after foliage expansion on photosynthesis of Abies amabilis foliage within the canopy. Oecologia 107:21-32.
9. Carter, R.E. and K. Klinka. 1992. Variations in shade tolerance of Douglas-fir, western hemlock and western red cedar in coastal British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manage. 55:87-105.
10. Carter, G.A. and W.K. Smith. 1985. Influence of shoot structure on light interception and photosynthesis in conifers. Plant Physiol. 79:1038-1043.
11. DeJong, T.M. and J.F. Doyle. 1985. Seasonal relationships between leaf nitrogen content (photosynthetic capacity) and leaf canopy light exposure in peach (Prunus persica). Plant Cell Environ. 8:701-706.
12. DeLucia, E.H., H.D. Shenol, L.S. Naidu and T.A. Day. 1991. Photosynthetic symmetry of sun and shade leaves of different orientations. Oecologia 87:51-57.
13. Dyrness, C.T. 1973. Early stages of plant succession following logging and burning in the western Cascades of Oregon. Ecology 54:57-69.
14. Ellsworth, D.S. and P.B. Reich. 1993. Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest. Oecologia 96:169-178.
15. Field, C. 1983. Allocating leaf nitrogen for the maximization of carbon gain: leaf age as a control on the allocation program. Oecologia 56:341-347.
16. Field, C.B., J.T. Ball and J.A. Berry. 1989. Photosynthesis: principles and field techniques. In Plant Physiological Ecology: Field Methods and Instrumentation. Eds. R.W. Pearcy, J. Ehleringer, H.A. Mooney and P.W. Rundel. Chapman Hall, New York, pp 209-253.
17. Fonda, R.W. and L.C. Bliss. 1969. Forest vegetation of the montane and subalpine zones, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Ecol. Monogr. 39:271-301.
18. Franklin, J.F. and D.S. DeBell. 1988. Thirty-six years of tree population change in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest. Can. J. For. Res. 18:633-639.
19. Franklin, J.F. and C.T. Dyrness. 1988. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR, 452 p.
20. Fry, D.J. and I.D.J. Phillips. 1977. Photosynthesis of conifers in relation to annual growth cycles and dry matter production. II. Seasonal photosynthetic capacity and mesophyll ultrastructure in Abies grandis, Picea sitchensis, Tsuga heterophylla and Larix leptolepis growing in S.W. England. Physiol. Plant. 40:300-306.
21. Givnish, T.J. 1988. Adaptation to sun and shade: A whole-plant perspective. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15:63-92.
22. Gray, A.N. and T.A. Spies. 1997. Microsite controls on tree seedling establishment in conifer forest canopy gaps. Ecology 78:2458-2473.
23. Hermann, R.K. and D.P. Lavender. 1990. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. In Silvics of North America Volume 1: Conifers. Eds. R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC, pp 527-540.
24. Hodges, J.D. 1967. Patterns of photosynthesis under natural environmental conditions. Ecology 48:234-242.
25. Hollinger, D.Y. 1989. Canopy organization and foliage photosynthetic capacity in a broad-leaved evergreen montane forest. Funct. Ecol. 3:53-62.
26. Hom, J.L. and W.C. Oechel. 1983. Thephotosynthetic capacity, nutrient content, and nutrient use efficiency of different needle age-classes of black spruce (Picea mariana) found in interior Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 13:834-839.
27. Huff. M.H. 1995. Forest age structure and development following wildfires in the western Olympic Mountains, Washington. Ecol. Appl. 5:471-483.
28. Jarvis, P.G. and J.W. Leverenz. 1983. Productivity of temperate deciduous and evergreen forests. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 12D. Eds. O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond and H. Ziegler. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 233-280.
29. Jordan, D.N. and W.K. Smith. 1993. Simulated influence of leaf geometry on sunlight interception and photosynthesis in conifer needles. Tree Physiol. 13:29-39.
30. Krueger, K.W. and R.H. Ruth. 1969. Comparative photosynthesis of Red Alder, Douglas Fir, Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock seedlings. Can. J. Bot. 47:519-527.
31. Kull, O. and A. Koppel. 1987. Net photosynthetic response to light intensity of shoots from different crown positions and age in Picea abies (L.) Karst. Scand. J. For. Res. 2:157-166.
32. Larcher, W. 1995. Physiological plant ecology. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 506 p.
33. Leverenz, J.W. 1981. Photosynthesis and transpiration in large forest-grown Douglas-fir: diurnal variation. Can. J. Bot. 59:349-356.
34. Leverenz, J.W. 1987. Chlorophyll content and the light response curve of shade-adapted conifer needles. Physiol. Plant. 71:20-29.
35. 2 concentration, temperature and acclimation on the convexity of the photosynthetic light response curve. Physiol. Plant. 74:332-341.
36. 2 partial pressures. Funct. Ecol. 9:413-421.
37. Leverenz, J.W. and T.M. Hinckley. 1990. Shade shoot structure and productivity of evergreen conifer stands. Tests of three alternative hypotheses. Scand. J. For. Res. 7:345-353.
38. Leverenz, J.W. and P.G. Jarvis. 1979. Photosynthesis in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). VIII. The effects of light flux density and direction on the rate of net photosynthesis and the stomatal conductance of needles. J. Appl. Ecol. 16:919-932.
39. Leverenz, J.W. and P.G. Jarvis, 1980. Photosynthesis in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). X. Acclimation to quantum flux density within and between trees. J. Appl. Ecol. 17:697-708.
40. Livingston, N.J. and T.A. Black. 1988. The growth and water use of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high-elevation south-facing clearcut. Can. J. For. Res. 18:1234-1242.
41. Marek, M., E. Masarovicová, I. Kratochvíla, P. Eliás and D. Janous. 1989. Stand microclimate and physiological activity of tree leaves in an oak-hornbeam forest. II. Leaf photosynthetic activity. Trees 4:234-240.
42. 3 leaves describing the dependence of net photosynthesis on irradiance. J. Exp. Bot. 120:29-39.
43. Medlyn. B.E. 1998. Physiological basis of the light-use efficiency model. Tree Physiol. 18:167-176.
44. Monteith, J.L. 1977. Climate and efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 281:277-294.
45. Mooney, H.A. and S.L. Gulmon. 1979. Environmental and evolutionary constraints on the photosynthetic characteristics of higher plants. In Topics in Plant Population Biology. Eds. O.T. Solbrig, S. Jain, C.B. Johnson and P.H. Raven. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 316-337.
46. Munger, T.T. 1940. The cycle from Douglas-fir to hemlock. Ecology 21:451-459.
47. Niinemets, Ü. 1997. Role of foliar nitrogen in light harvesting and shade tolerance of four temperate deciduous woody species. Funct. Ecol. 11:518-531.
48. Niinemets, Ü. and O. Kull. 1995a. Effects of light availability and tree size on the architecture of assimilative surface in the canopy of Picea abies: variation in needle morphology. Tree Physiol. 15:307-315.
49. Niinemets, Ü. and O. Kull. 1995b. Effects of light availability and tree size on the architecture of assimilative surface in the canopy of Picea abies: variation in shoot structure. Tree Physiol. 15:791-798.
50. Ögren, E. 1993. Convexity of the photosynthetic light-response curve in relation to intensity and direction of light during growth. Plant Physiol. 101:1013-1019.
51. Oker-Blom, P. 1985. Photosynthesis of a Scots pine shoot: simulation of the irradiance distribution and photosynthesis of a shoot in different radiation fields. Agric. For. Meteorol. 34:31-40.
52. Oker-Blom, P., T. Lahti and H. Smolander. 1992. Photosynthesis of a Scots pine shoot: a comparison of two models of shoot photosynthesis in direct and diffuse radiation fields. Tree Physiol. 10:111-125.
53. Oya, V.M. and A.K. Laisk. 1976. Adaptation of the photosynthesis apparatus to the light profile in the leaf. Soviet Plant Physiol. 23:381-386.
54. Packee, E.C. 1990. Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. In Silvics of North America Volume 1: Conifers. Eds. R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC, pp 613-622.
55. Parker, G.G. 1997. Canopy structure and light environment of an old-growth Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest. Northwest Sci. 71:261-270.
56. Pearcy, R.W. and D.A. Sims. 1994. Photosynthetic acclimation to changing light environments: scaling from the leaf to the whole plant. In Exploitation of Environmental Heterogeneity by Plants: Ecophysiological Processes Above and Below Ground. Eds. M.M. Caldwell and R.W. Pearcy. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 145-174.
57. Penning de Vries, F.W.T. 1975. Cost of maintenance processes in plant cells. Ann. Bot. 39:77-92.
58. Pontailler, J.-Y. 1990. A cheap quantum sensor using a gallium arsenide photodiode. Funct. Ecol. 4:591-596.
59. 2 fixation: a critical analysis of methods used. Ann. Bot. 41:789-800.
60. Schulze, E.-D., M.I. Fuchs and M. Fuchs. 1977. Spacial distribution of photosynthetic capacity and performance in a mountain spruce forest of Northern Germany. Oecologia 29:43-61.
61. 3 plants: physics physiology and rate limitations. Bot. Rev. 51:53-105.
62. Sheriff, D.W., E.K.S. Nambiar and D.N. Fife. 1986. Relationships between nutrient status, carbon assimilation and water use efficiency in Pinus radiata (D. Don) needles. Tree Physiol. 2:73-88.
63. Spies, T.A., J.F. Franklin and T.B. Thomas. 1988. Coarse woody debris in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington. Ecology 69:1689-1702.
64. Sprugel, D.G., J.R. Brooks and T.M. Hinckley. 1996. Effects of light on shoot geometry and needle morphology in Abies amabilis. Tree Physiol. 16:91-98.
65. Stewart, G.H. 1986. Population dynamics of a montane conifer forest, western Cascade Range, Oregon, U.S.A. Ecology 67:534-544.
66. Terashima, I. and T. Saeki. 1985. A new model for leaf photosynthesis incorporating the gradients of light environment and of photosynthetic properties of chloroplasts within a leaf. Ann. Bot. 56: 489-499
67. Teskey, R.O., C.C. Grier and T.M. Hinckley. 1984. Change in photosynthesis and water relations with age and season in Abies amabilis. Can. J. For. Res. 14:77-84.
68. Troeng, E. and S. Linder. 1982. Gas exchange in a 20-year-old stand of Scots pine. II. Variation in net photosynthesis and transpiration within and between trees. Physiol. Plant. 54:15-23.
69. Tucker, G.F. and W.H. Emmingham. 1977. Morphological changes in leaves of residual western hemlock after clear and shelterwood cutting. For. Sci. 23:195-203.
70. van Pelt, R. and M.P. North. 1996. Analyzing canopy structure in Pacific Northwest old-growth forests with a stand-scale crown model. Northwest Sci. 70:15-31.
71. Wang, Y.P. and P.G. Jarvis. 1993. Influence of shoot structure on the photosynthesis of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). Funct. Ecol. 7:433-451.
72. Wang, Y.P., P.G. Jarvis and M.L. Benson. 1990. The two-dimensional needle area density distribution within the crowns of Pinus radiata trees. For. Ecol. Manage. 32:217-237.
73. Waring, R.H. and J.F. Franklin. 1979. Evergreen coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Science 204:1380-1386.
74. Waring, R.H. and W.H. Schlesinger. 1985. Forest ecosystems: concepts and management. Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 340 p.
75. 2 uptake in a forest canopy. J. Appl. Ecol. 15:245-255.
76. Webb, W.L., W.K. Lauenroth, S.R. Szarek and R.S. Kinerson. 1983. Primary production and abiotic controls in forests, grasslands, and desert ecosystems in the United States. Ecology 64:134-151.
77. Woodman, J.N. 1971. Variation of net photosynthesis within the crown of a large forest-grown conifer. Photosynthetica 5:50-54.