Carotid wall thickness is predictive of incident clinical stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 151, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 478-487

  Chambless, Lloyd E ^a   Folsom, Aaron R ^b   Clegg, Limin X ^c   Sharrett, A Richey ^d   Shahar, Eyal ^b   Nieto, F Javier ^e   Rosamond, Wayne D ^a   Evans, Greg ^f  

^a IL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^f WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Carotid arteries; Cerebrovascular disorders; Incidence; Risk factors; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; B SCAN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ARTERY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE;

EID: 0034159755     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010233     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Burke GL, Evans GW, Riley WA, et al. Arterial wall thickness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Stroke 1995;26:386-91.
2. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, et al. Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:483-94.
3. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasonographically assessed carotid morphology and the risk of coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:1245-9.
4. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression. Circulation 1993;3(suppl 2):II56-65.
5. Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: The Rotterdam Study. Circulation 1997;96:1432-7.
6. The ARIC Investigators. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:687-702.
7. Jackson R, Chambless LE, Yang K, et al. Differences between respondents and nonrespondents in a multi-center community-based study vary by gender and ethnicity. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49:1441-6.
8. Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, et al. Intimai plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Circulation 1986;74:1399-406.
9. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 6A: ultrasound assessment - part A, ultrasound scanning. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
10. The ARIC Study Group. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound scanning methods in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC). J Neuroimaging 1991;1:68-73.
11. National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 6B: ultrasound assessment - part A, ultrasound reading. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
12. The ARIC Study Group. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound reading methods in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. J Neuroimaging 1991;1:168-72.
13. Dixon W, Brown M, Engelman L, et al. BMDP statistical software manual. Version 7.1. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993.
14. Chambless LE, Zhong MM, Arnett D, et al. Variability in B-mode ultrasound measurements in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Ultrasound Med Biol 1996;22: 545-54.
15. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 7: blood collection and processing. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
16. Papp AC, Hatzakis H, Bracey A, et al. ARIC hemostasis study. I. Development of a blood collection and processing system suitable for multicenter hemostatic studies. Thromb Haemost 1989;61:15-19.
17. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 8: lipid and lipoprotein determinations. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
18. Siedel J, Hagele EO, Ziegenhorn J, et al. Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total cholesterol with improved lipolytic efficiency. Clin Chem 1983;29:1075-80.
19. Nagele U, Hagele EO, Sauer G, et al. Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total triglycerides with improved lipolytic efficiency. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1984;22: 165-74.
20. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
21. Clauss A. Gerinnungsphysiologische Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung des Fibrinogens. (In German). Acta Haematol 1957;17:237-46.
22. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 9: hemostasis determinations. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
23. Wu KK, Papp AC, Patsch W, et al. ARIC hemostasis study. II. Organizational plan and feasibility study. Thromb Haemost 1990;64:521-5.
24. Sharrett AR. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: introduction and objectives of the hemostasis component. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:467-9.
25. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 10: clinical chemistry determinations. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
26. Chambless LE, McMahon RP, Brown SA, et al. Short-term intraindividual variability in lipoprotein measurements: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:1069-81.
27. Chambless LE, McMahon R, Wu K, et al. Short-term intraindividual variability in hemostasis factors: The ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Intraindividual Variability Study. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:723-33.
28. Eckfeldt JH, Chambless LE, Shen Y-L. Short-term, within-person variability in clinical chemistry test results: experience from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994;118:496-500.
29. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 2: cohort component procedures. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
30. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 11: sitting blood pressure. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
31. Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36:936-42.
32. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 5: electrocardiography. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
33. Crow RS, Prineas RJ, Rautaharju P, et al. Relation between electrocardiography and echocardiography for left ventricular mass in mild systemic hypertension (results from Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study). Am J Cardiol 1995;75:1233-8.
34. White AD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, et al. Community surveillance of coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: methods and initial two years' experience. J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49:223-33.
35. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study manual of operations, no. 3: surveillance component procedures. Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC: ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, 1987.
36. Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, et al. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke 1999;30:736-43.
37. Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, Health Care Financing Administration. International classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification. Washington, DC: US GPO, 1980. (DHHS publication no. 80-1260).
38. The National Survey of Stroke. National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Stroke 1981;12(suppl 1):I1-91.
39. Wilcosky T, Chambless LE. A comparison of direct adjustment and regression adjustment of epidemiologic measures. J Chronic Dis 1985;38:849-56.
40. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE, eds. Applied regression analysis and other multivariable regression methods. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS-Kent Publishing Company, 1988.
41. Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL. The statistical analysis of failure time data. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1980.
42. Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL, Pollock BG. Regression models in clinical studies: determining relationships between predictors and response. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:1198-202.
43. Prentice RL. Covariate measurement errors and parameter estimation in a failure time regression model. Biometrika 1982;69:331-42.
44. Whittemore AS. Errors-in-variables regression using Stein estimates. Am Stat 1989;43:226-8.
45. Persson J, Formgren J, Israelsson B, et al. Ultrasound-determined intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis: direct and indirect validation. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:261-4.
46. Wong M, Edelstein J, Wollman J, et al. Ultrasonic-pathological comparison of the human arterial wall: verification of intima-media thickness. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:482-6.
47. Sollberg LA, McGarry PA, Moossy J, et al. Severity of atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries, coronary arteries, and aortas. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1968;149:956-73.
48. Baker AB, Iannone A. Cerebrovascular disease. I. The large arteries of the circle of Willis. Neurology 1959;9:321-32.
49. Baker AB, Iannone A. Cerebrovascular disease. II. The smaller intracerebral arteries. Neurology 1959;9:391-6.
50. Bruno A, Rosenberg GA. The spectrum of lacunar infarction in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 1991;7:443-53.
51. Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Cardiogenic brain embolism: the second report of the Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Arch Neurol 1989;46:727-43.
52. Little RJ, Rubin DB. Statistical analysis with missing data. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1987.
53. Salonen R, Salonen JT. Determinants of carotid intima-media thickness: a population based ultrasonography study in eastern Finnish men. J Intern Med 1991;229:225-31.
54. Tell GS, Howard G, McKinney WM. Risk factors for site specific extracranial carotid artery plaque distribution as measured by B-mode ultrasound. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42:551-9.
55. Crouse JR, Toole JF, McKinney WM, et al. Risk factors for extracranial artery atherosclerosis. Stroke 1987;18:990-6.
56. Bonithon-Kopp C, Scarabin P-Y, Taquet A, et al. Risk factors for early carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged French women. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:966-72.
57. Giral P, Filetti V, Levenson J. et al. Relation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease to early atherosclerosis detected by ultrasonography in middle-aged normotensive hypercholesterolemic men. PCV Metra Group. Atherosclerosis 1990;85: 151-9.
58. Whisnant JP, Homer D, Ingall TJ, et al. Duration of cigarette smoking is the strongest predictor of severe extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis. Stroke 1990;21:707-14.
59. Wu KK, Folsom AR, Heiss G, et al. Association of coagulation factors and inhibitors with carolid artery atherosclerosis: early results of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:471-80.
60. Folsom AR, Eckfeldt JH, Weitzman S, et al. Relation of carotid artery wall thickness to diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose and insulin, body size, and physical activity. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Stroke 1994;25: 66-73.
61. Howard G, Burke GL, Szklo M, et al. Active and passive smoking are associated with increased carotid wall thickness: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:1277-82.
62. Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Barnes R, et al. Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC Study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:250-6.
63. Tell G, Howard G, Evans G, et al. Cigarette smoking and extracranial atherosclerosis. In: Diana JN, ed. Tobacco smoking and atherosclerosis: pathogenesis and cellular mechanisms. New York, NY: Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1990: 39-49.
64. Salonen JT, Seppanen K, Rauramaa R, et al. Risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: The Kupio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Ann Med 1989;21:227-9.
65. O'Leary DH, Anderson KM, Wolf PA, et al. Cholesterol and carotid atherosclerosis in older persons: The Framingham Study. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:147-53.
66. Wilson PW, Hoeg JM, D'Agostino RB, et al. Cumulative effects of high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking on carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:516-22.
67. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. Distribution and correlates of sonographically detected carotid artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke 1992;23:1752-60.