Distinguishing Genuine from Spurious Causes: A Coherence Hypothesis

Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 87-137

  Lien, Yunnwen ^a   Cheng, Patricia W ^b  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; REPRODUCIBILITY;

COGNITION; CUES; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 0034146693     PISSN: 00100285     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0724     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ahn, W., Kalish, C. W., Medin, D. L., & Gelman, S. A. (1995). The role of covariation versus mechanism information in causal attribution, Cognition, 54, 299-352.
2. Alloy, L. B., & Tabachnik, N. (1984). Assessment of covariation by humans and animals: The joint influence of prior expectations and current situational information. Psychological Review, 91, 112-149.
3. Bullock, M. (1979). Aspects of the young child's theory of causation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
4. Bullock, M., Gelman, R., & Baillargeon, R. (1982). The development of causal reasoning. In W. J. Friedman (Ed.), The developmental psychology of time. New York: Academic Press.
5. Cartwright, N. (1983). How the laws of physics lie. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
6. Cartwright, N. (1989). Nature's capacities and their measurement. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
7. Cheng, P. W. (1993). Separating causal laws from casual facts: Pressing the limits of statistical relevance. In D. L. Medin (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 30, pp. 215-264).
8. Cheng, P. W. (1997). From covariation to causation: A causal power theory. Psychological Review, 104, 367-405.
9. Cheng, P. W., & Novick, L. R. (1990). A probabilistic contrast model of causal induction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 545-567.
10. Cheng, P. W., & Novick, L. R. (1991). Causes versus enabling conditions. Cognition, 40, 83-120.
11. Cheng, P. W., & Novick, L. R. (1992). Covariation in natural causal induction. Psychological Review, 99, 365-382.
12. Elman, J. L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14, 179-211.
13. Garcia, J., & Koelling, R. A. (1966). Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning. Psychonomic Science, 4, 123-124.
14. Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7, 155-170.
15. Glymour, C., & Cheng, P. W. (1998). Causal mechanism and probability: A normative approach. In M. Oaksford and N. Chater (Eds.), Rational models of cognition. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press.
16. Gluck, M., & Bower, G. H. (1988). From conditioning to category learning: An adaptive network model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 227-247.
17. Harré, R., & Madden, E. H. (1975). Causal powers: A theory of natural necessity, Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.
18. Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94, 211-228.
19. Koslowski, B. (1996). Theory and evidence: The development of scientific reasoning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
20. Koslowski, B., Okagaki, L., Lorenz, C., & Umbach, D. (1989). When covariation is not enough: The role of causal mechanism, sampling method, and sample size in causal reasoning. Child Development, 60, 1316-1327.
21. Kruschke, J. K. (1992). ALCOVE: An exemplar-based connectionist model of category learning. Psychological Review, 99, 22-44.
22. Leslie, A. M., & Keeble, S. (1987). Do six-month-old infants perceive causality? Cognition, 25, 265-288.
23. Lewis, C. I. (1929). Mind and the world order. New York: Scribner. Chapter XI.
24. Lien, Y., & Cheng, P. W. (1989). A framework for psychological causal induction: Integrating the power and covariation views. In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, (pp. 729-733). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
25. Marr, D. (1982). Vision. New York: Freeman.
26. McClelland, J. L., Rumelhart, D. E., & The PDP Research Group. (1986). Parallel distributed processing; Explorations in the microstructure of cognition: Psychological and biological models (Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
27. Pearce, J. M. (1994). Similarity and discrimination: A selective review and a connectionist model. Psychological Review, 101, 587-607.
28. Pearl, J. (1988). Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: Networks of plausible inference. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
29. Hempel, C. (1965). Aspects of scientific explanation. New York: Free Press.
30. Holyoak, K. J., & Hummel, J. E. (in press). The proper treatment of symbols in a connectionist architecture. In E. Deitrich and A. Markman (Eds.), Cognitive dynamics: Conceptual change in human and machines. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Hummel, J. E., & Holyoak, K. J. (1997). Distributed representations of structure: A theory of analogical access and mapping. Psychological Review, 104, 427-466
32. Reed, S. K. (1972). Pattern recognition and categorization. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 382-407.
33. Reichenbach, H. (1956). The direction of time. Berkeley/Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press.
34. Reichenbach, H. (1938). Experience and prediction: An analysis of the foundations and the structure of knowledge. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press.
35. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F Prokasy (Eds.). Classical conditioning II. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
36. Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
37. Rosch, E., & Mervis, C. B. (1975). Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 573-605.
38. Salmon, W. C. (1971). Statistical explanation. In W. C. Salmon, R. C., Jeffrey, and J. G. Greeno (Eds.), Statistical explanation and statistical relevance (pp. 29-87). Pittsburgh, PA: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press.
39. Salmon, W. C. (1977). A third dogma of empiricism. In R. Butts & J. Hintikka (Eds.), Basic problems in methodology and linguistics (pp. 149-166). Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
40. Salmon, W. C. (1980). Probabilistic causality. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 61, 50-74.
41. Salmon, W. C. (1984). Scientific explanation and the causal structure of the world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
42. Shanks, D., & Dickinson, A. (1987). Associative accounts of causality judgment. In G. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 21). New York: Academic Press.
43. Shultz, T. R. (1982). Rules of causal attribution. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 47.
44. Shultz, T. R., & Kesterbaum, N. R. (1985). Causal reasoning in children. Annuals of Child Development, 2, 195-249.
45. Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (1993). Causation, prediction and search. Springer-Verlag: New York.
46. Suppes, P. (1970). A probabilistic theory of causality. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
47. White, P. A. (1989). A theory of causal processing. British Journal of Psychology, 80, 431-454.
48. White, P. A. (1992). Causal powers, causal questions, and the place of regularity information in causal attribution. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 161-188.
49. White, P. A. (1995). Use of prior beliefs in the assignment of causal roles: Causal powers versus regularity-based accounts. Memory & Cognition, 23, 243-254.
50. Wu, M. & Cheng, P. W. (1999). Why causation need not follow from statistical association: Boundary conditions for the evaluation of generative and preventive causal powers. Psychological Science, 10, 92-97.