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Dose-response relationship of intrathecal morphine for postcesarean analgesia
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1 Palmer CM, Emerson S, Volgoropolous D, Alves D. Dose-response relationship of intrathecal morphine for postcesarean analgesia. Anesthesiology 1999; 90:437-444. An excellent study establishing a dose-response curve for intrathecal morphine with respect to analgesia and side-effects. The authors also demonstrated that intrathecal morphine alone does not result in complete pain relief, supplemental analgesia is always required.
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Palmer, C.M.1
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Determination of an effective dose of intrathecal morphine for pain relief after cesarean section
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50 of spinal morphine as part of a multi-modal approach to post-caesarean analgesia. The technique of up-and-down sequential allocation is, however, not a good way to evaluate the potency of drugs.
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5 Yang T, Breen TW, Archer D, Pick G. Comparison of 0.25 mg and 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine for analgesia after cesarean section. Can J Anesth 1999; 46:856-860.
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7 Beilin Y, Bernstein HH, Zucker-Pinchoff B, Zahn J, Zenzen WJ. Subhypnotic doses of propofol do not relieve pruritus induced by intrathecal morphine after cesarean section. Anesth Analg 1998; 86:310-313.
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Beilin, Y.1
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8 Husaini SW, Russell IF. Intrathecal diamorphine compared with morphine for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81:135-139. One of the first studies comparing morphine and diamorphine, establishing the effectiveness and safety of diamorphine.
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Husaini, S.W.1
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9 Kelly MC, Carabine UA, Mirakhur RK. Intrathecal diamorphine for analgesia after cesarean section. Anaesthesia 1998; 53:231-237.
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10 Hallworth SP, Fernando R, Bell R, Parry MG, Lim GH. Comparison of intrathecal and epidural diamorphine for elective caesarean section using a combined spinal-epidural technique. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82:228-232.
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11 Krukowski JA, Hood DH, Eisenach JC, Mallak KA, Parker RL. Intrathecal neostigmine for post-cesarean section analgesia: dose-response. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:1269-1275.
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12 Chung CJ, Kim JS, Park HS, Chin YJ. The efficacy of intrathecal neostigmine, intrathecal morphine and their combination for post-Cesarean section analgesia. Anesth Analg 1998; 87:341-346.
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13 Klamt JG, Garcia LV, Prado WA. Analgesic and adverse effects of a low dose of intrathecally administered hyperbaric neostigmine alone or combined with morphine in patients submitted to spinal anaesthesia: pilot studies. Anaesthesia 1999; 54:27-31.
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14 Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Ma ML. Patient controlled epidural analgesia after caesarean section using meperidine. Can J Anaesth 1997; 44:702-706.
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Meperidine for patient controlled analgesia after cesarean section. Intravenous versus epidural administration
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15 Peach MJ, Moore JS, Evans SF. Meperidine for patient controlled analgesia after Cesarean section. Intravenous versus epidural administration. Anesthesiology 1994; 80:1268-1276.
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16 Ngan Kee WD, Lam KK, Chen PP, Gin T. Epidural meperidine after cesarean section: the effect of diluent volume. Anesth Analg 1997; 85:380-384.
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Addition of adrenaline to pethidine for epidural analgesia after caesarean section
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17 Ngan Kee WD, Ma ML, Khaw KS. Addition of adrenaline to pethidine for epidural analgesia after caesarean section. Anaesthesia 1997; 52:853-857.
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19 Fanshawe MP. A comparison of patient controlled epidural pethidine versus single dose epidural morphine for analgesia after ceasarean section. Anaesth Intens Care 1999; 27:610-614.
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20 Vercauteren MP, Coppejans HC, ten Broecke PW, Van Steenberge AL, Adriaensen HA. Epidural sufentanil for postoperative patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with or without background infusion: a double blind comparison. Anesth Analg 1995; 80:76-80.
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21 Vercauteren MP, Vandeput DM, Meert TF, Adriaensen HA. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with sufentanil following Caesarean section: the effect of adding adrenaline and clonidine admixture. Anaesthesia 1994; 49:767-771.
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A randomized, double blind, dose-response comparison of epidural fentanyl versus sufentanil analgesia after cesarean section
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22 Grass JA, Sakima NT, Schmidt R, Michitsch R, Zuckerman RL, Harris AP. A randomized, double blind, dose-response comparison of epidural fentanyl versus sufentanil analgesia after cesarean section. Anesth Analg 1997; 85:365-371.
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0032996073
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Patient controlled analgesia: Epidural fentanyl and iv morphine compared after caesarean section
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23 Cooper DW, Saleh U, Taylor M, Whyte S, Ryall D, Kokri MS, et al. Patient controlled analgesia: epidural fentanyl and iv morphine compared after Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82:366-370.
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Cooper, D.W.1
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24 Cohen S, Lowenwirt I, Pantuck CB, Amar D, Pantuck EJ. Bupivacaine 0.01 % and/or epinephrine 0.5 μg/mt improve epidural fentanyl analgesia after Cesarean section. Anesthesiology 1998; 89:1354-1361. An excellent study that demonstrates clearly that epidural pain relief using a multi-drug approach is safe and provides excellent pain relief superior to single drug schemes.
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Cohen, S.1
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25 Siddik-Sayyid S, Aouad-Maroun M, Sleiman D, Sfeir M, Baraka A. Epidural tramadol for postoperative pain after Cesarean section. Can J Anesth 1999; 46:731-735.
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