An in vivo study of locking and grasping techniques using a passive mobilization protocol in experimental animals

Journal of Hand Surgery

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 260-269

  Hatanaka, Hitoshi ^a,b   Zhang, Jinfan ^a   Manske, Paul R ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Yoshizuka Hayashi Hospital   (Japan)

Author keywords

Flexor tendon; Grasping loop; In vivo study; Locking loop; Repair technique

Indexed keywords

ADHESION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOG; FLEXOR TENDON; MOBILIZATION; NONHUMAN; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TENDON RECONSTRUCTION; TENSILE STRENGTH;

EID: 0034103979     PISSN: 03635023     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/jhsu.2000.jhsu25a0260     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Small J O, Brennen M D, Colville J. Early active mobilisation following flexor tendon repair in zone 2. J Hand Surg. 14B:1989;383-391.
2. Cullen K W, Tolhurst P, Lang D, Page R E. Flexor tendon repair in zone 2 followed by controlled active mobilisation. J Hand Surg. 14B:1989;392-395.
3. Savage R, Risitano G. Flexor tendon repair using a "six strand" method of repair and early active mobilisation. J Hand Surg. 14B:1989;396-399.
4. Lee H. Double loop locking suture: a technique of tendon repair for early active mobilization. Part II: clinical experience. J Hand Surg. 15A:1990;953-958.
5. Bainbridge L C, Robertson C, Gillies D, Elliot D. A comparison of post-operative mobilization of flexor tendon repairs with "passive flexion-active extension" and "controlled active motion" techniques. J Hand Surg. 19B:1994;517-521.
6. Elliot D, Moiemen N S, Flemming A FS, Harris S B, Foster A J. The rupture rate of acute flexor tendon repairs mobilized by the controlled active motion regimen. J Hand Surg. 19B:1994;607-612.
7. Savage R. In vitro studies of a new method of flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg. 10B:1985;135-141.
8. Lin G-T, An K-N, Amadio P C, Cooney W P III. Biomechanical studies of running suture for flexor tendon repair in dogs. J Hand Surg. 13A:1988;553-558.
9. Lee H. Double loop locking suture: a technique of tendon repair for early active mobilization. Part I: evolution of technique and experimental study. J Hand Surg. 15A:1990;945-952.
10. Robertson G A, Al-Qattan M M. A biomechanical analysis of a new interlock suture technique for flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg. 17B:1992;92-93.
11. Aoki M, Pruitt D L, Kubota H, Manske P R. Effect of suture knots on tensile strength of repaired canine flexor tendons. J Hand Surg. 20B:1995;72-75.
12. Kubota H, Aoki M, Pruitt D L, Manske P R. Mechanical properties of various circumferential tendon suture techniques. J Hand Surg. 21B:1996;474-480.
13. Shaieb M D, Singer D I. Tensile strengths of various suture techniques. J Hand Surg. 22B:1997;764-767.
14. Hotokezaka S, Manske P R. Differences between locking loops and grasping loops: effects on 2-strand core suture. J Hand Surg. 22A:1997;995-1003.
15. Mashadi Z B, Amis A A. The effect of locking loops on the strength of tendon repair. J Hand Surg. 16B:1991;35-39.
16. Mason M L, Allen H S. The rate of healing of tendons: an experimental study of tensile strength. Ann Surg. 113:1941;424-459.
17. Urbaniak J R, Cahill J D Jr, Mortenson R A. Tendon suturing methods: analysis of tensile strength. Hunter JM Schneider LH. AAOS symposium on tendon surgery in the hand. 1975;70-80 CV Mosby, St Louis.
18. Hitchcock T F, Light T R, Bunch W H. The effect of immediate constrained digital motion on the strength of flexor tendon repairs in chickens. J Hand Surg. 12A:1987;590-595.
19. Aoki M, Kubota H, Pruitt D L, Manske P R. Biomechanical and histologic characteristics of canine flexor tendon repair using early postoperative mobilization. J Hand Surg. 22A:1997;107-114.
20. Feehan L M, Beauchene J G. Early tensile properties of healing chicken flexor tendons: early controlled passive motion versus postoperative immobilization. J Hand Surg. 15A:1990;63-68.
21. Gelberman R H, Woo S L-Y, Lothringer K, Akeson W H, Amiel D. Effects of early intermittent passive mobilization on healing canine flexor tendons. J Hand Surg. 7:1982;170-175.
22. Winters S C, Gelberman R H, Woo S L-Y, Chan S S, Grewal R, Seiler J G III. The effects of multiple-strand suture methods on the strength and excursion of repaired intrasynovial flexor tendons: a biomechanical study in dogs. J Hand Surg. 23A:1998;97-104.
23. Zar J H. Biostatistical analysis. 1999;Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River. p. 231-272.
24. Pennington D G. The locking loop tendon suture. Plast Reconstr Surg. 63:1979;648-652.
25. Hatanaka H, Manske P R. Effect of the cross-sectional area of locking loops in flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg. 24A:1999;751-760.
26. Lindsay W K, Thomson H G, Walker F G. Digital flexor tendons: an experimental study: Part II. The significance of a gap occurring at the line of suture. Br J Plast Surg. 13:1960;1-9.
27. Seradge H. Elongation of the repair configuration following flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg. 8:1983;182-185.
28. Becker H, Davidoff M. Eliminating the gap in flexor tendon surgery: a new method of sutuzre. Hand. 9:1977;306-311.
29. Ketchum L D. Suture materials and suture techniques used in tendon repair. Hand Clin. 1:1985;43-53.
30. Ejeskär A, Irstam L. Elongation in profundus tendon repair: a clinical and radiological study. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 15:1981;61-68.
31. Silfverskiöld K L, May E J, Törnvall A H. Gap formation during controlled motion after flexor tendon repair in zone II: a prospective clinical study. J Hand Surg. 17A:1992;539-546.
32. Greenwald D P, Randolph M A, Hong H-Z, May J W Jr. Augmented Becker versus modified Kessler tenorrhaphy in monkeys: dynamic mechanical analysis. J Hand Surg. 20A:1995;267-272.
33. Aoki M, Ito K, Wada T, Ooyama N. Mechanical characteristics of cross-stitch epitenon suture in association with various two-strand core sutures: a biomechanical study using canine cadaver tendons. Injury. 27:1996;703-707.
34. Diao E, Hariharan J S, Soejima O, Lotz J C. Effect of peripheral suture depth on strength of tendon repairs. J Hand Surg. 21A:1996;234-239.
35. Zatiti S CA, Mazzer N, Barbieri C H. Mechanical strengths of tendon sutures: an in vitro comparative study of six techniques. J Hand Surg. 23B:1998;228-233.
36. Thurman R T, Trumble T E, Hanel D P, Tencer A F, Kiser P K. Two-, four-, and six-strand zone II flexor tendon repairs: an in situ biomechanical comparison using a cadaver model. J Hand Surg. 23A:1998;261-265.
37. Stein T, Ali A, Hamman J, Mass D P. A randomized biomechanical study of zone II human flexor tendon repairs analyzed in an in vitro model. J Hand Surg. 23A:1998;1046-1051.
38. Pruitt D L, Aoki M, Manske P R. Effect of suture knot location on tensile strength after flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg. 21A:1996;969-973.
39. Kubota H, Manske P R, Aoki M, Pruitt D L, Larson B J. Effect of motion and tension on injured flexor tendons in chickens. J Hand Surg. 21A:1996;456-463.
40. Halikis M N, Manske P R, Kubota H, Aoki M. Effect of immobilization, immediate mobilization, and delayed mobilization on the resistance to digital flexion using a tendon injury model. J Hand Surg. 22A:1997;464-472.