Destination image, self-congruity, and travel behavior: Toward an integrative model

Journal of Travel Research

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 340-352

  Sirgy, M Joseph ^a   Su, Chenting ^b  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PERCEPTION; TOURIST DESTINATION; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 0034084349     PISSN: 00472875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/004728750003800402     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Alba, J. W., and J. W. Hutchinson (1987). "Dimensions of Consumer Expertise." Journal of Consumer Research, 13: 411-54.
2. Allport, G. W. (1943). Becoming: Basic Considerations for a Psychology of Personality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
3. Amin, S. (1979). Classe et nation. Paris: Les Edition.
4. Ascher, F. (1985). Tourism: Transnational Corporations and Cultural Identities. Paris: UNESCO.
5. Backman, S., and J. Crompton (1991). "Differentiating between High, Spurious, Latent, and Low Loyalty Participants in Two Leisure Activities." Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 9 (2): 1-17.
6. Backman, S., and C. Veldkamp (1995). "Examination of the Relationship between Service Quality and User Loyalty." Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 13 (2): 29-41.
7. Beatty, S. E., L. R. Kahle, P. Homer, and S. Misra (1990). "Alternative Measurement Approaches to Consumer Values: The List of Values and the Rokeach Value Survey." Psychology and Marketing, 2: 181-99.
8. Belch, G. E., and E. L. Landon, Jr. (1977). "Discriminant Validity of a Product-Anchored Self-Concept Measure." Journal of Marketing Research, 14:252-56.
9. Bellenger, Danny N., Earle Steinberg, and Wilbur W. Stanton (1976). "The Congruence of Store Image and Self Image." Journal of Retailing, 52: 17-32.
10. Birdwell, A. E. (1968). "A Study of Influence of Image Congruence on Consumer Choice." Journal of Business, 41: 76-88.
11. Blank, U. (1989). The Community Tourism Industry Imperative: The Necessity, the Opportunities, Its Potential. State College, PA: Venture.
12. Bracks, Merrie (1985). "The Effects of Product Class Knowledge on Information Search Behavior." Journal of Consumer Research, 12: 1-16.
13. Chaiken, Shelley (1980). "Heuristic versus Systematic Information Processing and the Use of Source versus Message Cues in Persuasion." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39:752-66.
14. Chon, K. (1990). "The Role of Destination Image in Tourism: A Review and Discussion." The Tourist Review, 45 (2): 2-9.
15. _ (1992). "Self-Image/Destination-Image Congruity.;quot;Annals of Tourism Research, 19: 360-63.
16. Chon, K., and M. D. Olsen (1991). "Functional and Symbolic Congruity Approaches to Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction in Tourism." Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research, 3.
17. Claiborne, C. B., and Joseph Sirgy (1990). "Self-Congruity as a Model of Attitude Formation and Change: Conceptual Review and Guide for Future Research."In Developments in Marketing Science, Vol. 13, edited by B. J. Dunlap. Cullowhee, NC: Academy of Marketing Science, pp. 1-7.
18. Cohen, Joel B., and Kunal Basu (1987). "Alternative Models of Categorization: Toward a Contingent Processing Framework."Journal of Consumer Research 13: 455-72.
19. Coleman, R. (1983). "The Continuing Significance of Social Class to Marketing." Journal of Consumer Research, 10: 265-80.
20. Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human Nature and the Social Order. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons.
21. Crompton, J. (1979). "Motivations for Pleasure Vacation." Annals of Tourism Research, 6: 404-24.
22. Dann, G. (1981). "Tourism Motivation: An Appraisal." Annals of Tourism Research, 9: 187-219.
23. Echtner, C., and J.R.B. Ritchie (1991). "The Meaning and Measurement of Destination Image."Journal of Tourism Studies, 2: 2-12.
24. _ (1993). "The Measurement of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment." Journal of Travel Research, 32 (4): 3-14.
25. Ericksen, Mary Kay, and Joseph M. Sirgy (1989). "Achievement Motivation and Clothing Behavior of Working Women: A Self-Congruity Analysis." Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 4: 307-26.
26. _ (1992). "Employed Females' Clothing Preference, Self-Congruity, and Career Anchorage." Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22: 208-222.
27. Gartner, W. C. (1989). "Tourism Image: Attribute Measurement of State Tourism Products Using Multidimensional Scaling Techniques." Journal of Travel Research, 28 (2): 16-20.
28. _ (1993). "Image Formation Process." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2: 191-215.
29. Grabum, N. (1983). "The Anthropology of Tourism." Annals of Tourism Research, 10: 9-13.
30. Gray, J. (1986). "Marketing to Tourism." Speech to Northeast Missouri Travel and Conference, Hannibal.
31. Grubb, E. L., and H. L. Grathwohl (1967). "Consumer Self-Concept, Symbolism, and Market Behavior: A Theoretical Approach." Journal of Marketing, 31: 22-27.
32. Grubb, E. L., and G. Hupp (1968). "Perception of Self, Generalized Stereo-types, and Brand Selection." Journal of Marketing Research, 5: 58-63.
33. Grubb, E. L., and B. L. Stern (1971). "Self-Concept and Significant Others." Journal of Marketing Research, 8: 382-85.
34. Holloway, J. C., and R. V. Plant (1988). Marketing for Tourism. London: Pitman.
35. Hong, Jae W., and George M. Zinkhan (1995). "Self-Concept and Advertising Effectiveness: The Influence of Congruency, Conspicuousness, and Response Mode." Psychology and Marketing, 12: 53-77.
36. Hsieh, S., and J. T. O'Leary (1994). "A Travel Decision Model for Japanese Pleasure Travel." In Tourism: The Economy's Silver Lining. Travel and Tourism Research Association, pp. 94-104.
37. Hu, Y., and B. Ritchie (1993). "Measuring Destination Attractiveness: A Contextual Approach." Journal of Travel Research, 32 (2): 25-34.
38. Hughes, G. D., and J. L. Guerrero (1971). "Automobile Self-Congruity Models Reexamined." Journal of Marketing Research, 9: 125-27.
39. Jackson, G. (1973). "A Preliminary Bicultural Study of Value Orientations and Leisure Attitudes." Journal of Leisure Research, 5: 10-20.
40. James, William (1890). The Principles of Psychology. New York: Holt.
41. Johar, J. S., and Joseph M. Sirgy (1991). "Value Expressive versus Utilitarian Appeals: When and Why to Use Which Appeal." Journal of Advertising, 20 (3): 23-34.
42. Kiecker, Pamela, and Cathy L. Hartman (1993). "Purchase Pal Use: Why Buyers Choose to Shop with Others." In 1993 AMA Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings. Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 378-84.
43. Klenosky, D. B., E. G. Charles, and M. Michael (1993). "Understanding the Factors Influencing Ski Destination Choice: A Means-End Analytic Approach." Journal of Leisure Research, 24: 362-79.
44. Landon, E. L. (1974). "Self-Concept, Ideal Self-Concept and Consumer Purchase Intentions." Journal of Consumer Research, 1: 44-51.
45. Lawson, R., J. Gnoth, and K. Paulin (1995). "Tourists' Awareness of Prices for Attraction and Activities." Journal of Travel Research, 34 (1): 3-10.
46. Lecky, P. (1945). Self-Consistency: A Theory of Personality. New York: Island Press.
47. Malhotra, N. K. (1981). "A Scale to Measure Self-Concepts, Person Concepts and Product Concepts." Journal of Marketing Research, 18: 454-64.
48. _ (1988). "Self-Concept and Product Choice: An Integrated Perspective." Journal of Economic Psychology, 9: 1-28.
49. Mangleburg, Tamara, Joseph M. Sirgy, Dhruv Grewal, Maria Hatzios, Danny Axsom, and Trina Bogel (1998). "The Moderating Effect of Prior Experience in Consumers' Use of User-Image Based versus Utilitarian Cues in Brand Attitude." Journal of Business and Psychology, 13 (1): 101-13.
50. Mansfeld, Y. (1992). Tourism: Toward a Behavioral Approach. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
51. Markus, H., and P. Nurius (1986). "Possible Selves." American Psychologist, 4: 954-69.
52. Martin, Warren, and Joseph Bellizzi (1982). "Analysis of Congruous Relationships between Self-Images and Product Images." Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 10: 473-89.
53. Mathieson, A., and G. Wall (1982). Tourism - Economic, Physical, and Social Impacts. New York: Longman.
54. Matra, J. (1984). Social Inequality, Stratification, and Mobility. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
55. Mazanec, J. (1994). "Consumer Behavior." In Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Research, edited by J.R.B. Ritchie and C. R. Goeldner. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 294-99.
56. McIntosh, R. W., C. R. Goeldner, and J.R.B. Ritchie (1995). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
57. Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
58. Milman, A., and A. Pizam (1995). "The Role of Awareness and Familiarity with a Destination: The Central Florida Case." Journal of Travel Research, 33 (3): 21-27.
59. Moeran, B. (1983). "The Language of Japanese Tourism." Annals of Tourism Research 10: 93-108.
60. Ostrowski, P., T. O'Brien, and G. Gordon (1993). "Service Quality and Consumer Loyalty in the Commercial Airline Industry." Journal of Travel Research, 32: 16-24.
61. Palmer, A., and D. Bejou (1995). "Tourism Destination Marketing Alliances." Annals of Tourism Research, 3: 616-29.
62. Pearce, G. D. (1989). Tourist Development. Burnt Mill, NY: Longman.
63. Pearce, P. L. (1982). The Social Psychology of Tourist Behavior. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
64. Petty, R., and J. T. Cacioppo (1986). Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
65. Petty, R., J. T. Cacioppo, and D. Schumann (1983). "Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement." Journal of Consumer Research, 10: 135-46.
66. Pizam, A., and R. Calantone (1987). "Beyond Psychographics - Values as Determinants of Tourist Behavior." International Journal of Hospitality Management, 6: 177-81.
67. Reimer, G. (1991). "Packaging Dreams: Canadian Tour Operators at Work." Annals of Tourism Research, 18: 501-12.
68. Riley, R. W. (1995). "Prestige Worthy Tourist Behavior." Annals of Tourism Research, 22: 630-49.
69. Robinson, H. (1979). A Geography of Tourism. London: Macdonald and Evans.
70. Ross, I. (1971). "Self-Concept and Brand Preference." Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, 44: 38-50.
71. Senior, G. (1987). "How to Target Customers Effectively." Travel Trade Gazette, 15.
72. Seyhmus, B., and D. Brinberg (1997). "Affective Images of Tourism Destination." Journal of Travel Research, 35 (3): 11-15.
73. Sheldon, P. J., and J. Mark (1987). "The Demand for Package Tours: A Mode Choice Model." Journal of Travel Research, 24: 16-23.
74. Sirgy, M. Joseph (1979). "Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior." Ph.D. thesis, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
75. _ (1980). "Self Concept in Relation to Product Preference and Purchase Intention." In Developments in Marketing Science, Vol. 3, edited by V. V. Bellur. Marquette, MI: Academy of Marketing Science, pp. 350-54.
76. _ (1982). "Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review." Journal of Consumer Research, 9: 287-300.
77. _ (1983). "Self-Image/Product-Image Congruity and Product Preference versus Purchase Intention: A Role Playing Experiment." In Proceedings of the Division 23 Program, 90th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, edited by Michael Mazis. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 5-9.
78. _ (1985a). "Self-Image/Product Image Congruity and Consumer Decision Making." International Journal of Management, 2 (4): 49-63.
79. _ (1985b). "Using Self-Congruity and Ideal Congruity to Predict Purchase Motivation." Journal of Business Research, 13: 195-206.
80. _ (1986). Self-Congruity: Toward a Theory of Personality and Cybernetics. New York: Praeger.
81. _ (1987). "The Moderating Role of Response Mode in Consumer Self-Esteem/Self-Consistency Effects." In 1987 AMA Winter Educators Conference, edited by Russell Belk et al. Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 50-55.
82. _ (1990). "Self-Cybernetics: Toward an Integrated Model of Self-Concept Processes." Systems Research, 7 (1): 19-32.
83. Sirgy, M. Joseph, and J. Danes (1982). "Self-Image/Product-Image Congruence Models: Testing Selected Models." In Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 9, edited by Andrew Mitchell. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp. 556-61.
84. Sirgy, M. Joseph, D. Grewal, T. F. Mangleburg, J. O. Park, K. Chon, C. B. Claiborne, J. S. Johar, and H. Berkman (1997). "Assessing the Predictive Validity of Two Methods of Measuring Self-Congruity." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25: 229-41.
85. Sirgy, M. Joseph, and J. S. Johar (1985a). "Measures of Product Value-Expressiveness: An Initial Test of Reliability and Validity." In Proceedings of the Division of Consumer Psychology, American Psychological Association, 1985 Annual Convention, edited by Wayne D. Hoyer. Northridge: California State University, pp. 99-103.
86. _ (1985b). "Self-Congruity Models versus Multiattribute Attitude Models: When to Use Which Positioning Model." In 1985 AMA Educators Proceedings, edited by Robert F. Lusch, Gary T. Ford, Gary L. Frazier, Roy D. Howell, Charles A. Ingene, Michael Reilly, and Ronald W. Stampf. Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 11-15.
87. Sirgy, M. Joseph, J. S. Johar, and C. B. Claiborne (1992). "Self-Concept Motivation as Mediator between Self-Congruity and Attitude/Intention." In Developments in Marketing Science, Vol. 15, edited by V. L. Critten. Chestnut Hill, MA: Academy of Marketing Science, pp. 402-6.
88. Sirgy, M. Joseph, J. S. Johar, A. C. Samli, and C. B. Claiborne (1991). "Self-Congruity versus Functional Congruity: Predictors of Consumer Behavior." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 19: 363-75.
89. Sirgy, M. Joseph, and A. C. Samli (1985). "A Path Analytic Model of Store Loyalty Involving Self-Concept, Store Image, Socioeconomic Status, and Geographic Loyalty." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 13: 265-91.
90. Sujan, M. (1985). "Consumer Knowledge: Effects on Evaluation Strategies Mediating Consumer Judgments." Journal of Consumer Research, 12: 32-46.
91. Telisman-Kosuta, N. (1989). "Tourist Destination Image." In The Tourism Marketing and Management Handbook, edited by S. F. Witt and L. Moutinho. London: Prentice Hall, pp. 555-61.
92. Varvoglis, T. (1987). "Activation of Self-Image in a Store Setting and During Television Viewing." Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
93. Varvoglis, T., and M. J. Sirgy (1984). "The Interrelationship between Utilitarian and Value-Expressive Store Image Attributes." In Developments in Marketing Science, Vol. 7, edited by Jay D. Lindquist. Kalamazoo, MI: Academy of Marketing Science, pp. 27-31.
94. Vladimir, A. (1989). The Complete Travel Marketing Handbook. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Business Books.
95. Vogt, J. W. (1978). "Wandering: Youth and Travel Behavior." In Tourism and Behavior, edited by M. D. Zamora. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary Press, pp. 19-40.
96. Witt, S. F., and C. A. Martin (1987). "Econometric Models for Forecasting International Tourism Demand." Journal of Travel Research, 25: 23-30.
97. Wood, W., and C. A. Kallgren (1988). "Communicator Attributes and Persuasion: Recipients' Access to Attitude-Relevant Information in Memory." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14: 172-82.