Statins: Effective antiatherosclerotic therapy

American Heart Journal

Volumn 139, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 577-583

  Blumenthal, Roger S ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CERIVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL; FLUINDOSTATIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEVINOLIN; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; LIVER METABOLISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TISSUE SPECIFICITY;

EID: 0034068864     PISSN: 00028703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8703(00)90033-4     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. 1. Witzum JL. Drugs used in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. In: Hardman JG, Gilman AG, Limbird LE, editors. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 875-97.
2. 2. Sehayek E, Butbul E, Avner R, et al. Enhanced cellular metabolism of very low density lipoprotein by simvastatin: a novel mechanism of action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Eur J Clin Invest 1994; 24:173-8.
3. 3. Gaw A, Packard CJ, Murray EF, et al. Effects of simvastatin on apoB metabolism and LDL subfraction distribution. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:170-89.
4. 4. Illingworth DR, Tobert JA. A review of clinical trials comparing HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Clin Ther 1994;16:366-85.
5. 5. Furberg CO. Natural statins and stroke risk. Circulation 1999; 99:185-8.
6. 6. Pitt B, Waters D, Brown WV, et al, for the Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators (AVERT): aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1999;341:70-6.
7. 7. Herd JA, Ballantyne CM, Farmer JA, et al, for the LCAS Investigators. Effects of fluvastatin on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with mild to moderate cholesterol elevations (Lipoprotein and Coronary Atherosclerosis Study [LCAS]). Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:278-86.
8. 8. Naoumova RP, Marais AD, Mountney J, et al. Plasma mevalonic acid, an index of cholesterol synthesis in vivo, and responsiveness to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 1996;119:203-13.
9. 9. Yang B-B, Smithers JA, Stern RH, et al. Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of atorvastatin and its active metabolites. Pharm Res 1996;13[suppl]:S437.
10. 10. Blum CB. Comparison of properties of four inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:3D-11D.
11. 11. Lea AP, McTavish D. Atorvastatin: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of hyperlipidaemias. Drugs 1997;53:828-47.
12. 12. McTavish D, Sorkin EM. Pravastatin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in hypercholesterolaemia. Drugs 1991;42:65-89.
13. 13. Plosker GL, Wagstaff AJ. Fluvastatin: a review of its pharmacology and use in the management of hypercholesterolaemia. Drugs 1996; 51:433-59.
14. 14. Plosker GL, McTavish D. Simvastatin: a reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in hypercholesterolaemia. Drugs 1995; 50:334-63.
15. 15. Henwood JM, Heel RC. Lovastatin: a preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic use in hyperlipidaemia. Drugs 1988;36:429-54.
16. 16. McClellan KJ, Wiseman LR, McTavish D. Cerivastatin. Drugs 1998; 55:415-20; discussion 421-2.
17. 17. Sliskovic DR, Roth BD, Bocan TMA. Tissue selectivity of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Drug News Perspect 1992;5:517-33.
18. 18. Bocan TM, Ferguson E, McNally W, et al. Hepatic and nonhepatic sterol synthesis and tissue distribution following administration of a liver selective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, CI-981: comparison with selected HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992;1123:133-44.
19. 19. Jones P, Kafonek S, Laurora I, et al. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study). Am J Cardiol 1998;81:582-7.
20. 20. Davidson M, McKenney J, Stein E, et al. Comparison of 1-year efficacy and safety of atorvastatin versus lovastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia. Atorvastatin Study Group I. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:1475-81.
21. 21. Bertolini S, Bon GB, Campbell LM, et al. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin compared to pravastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1997;130:191-7.
22. 22. Dart A, Jerums G, Nicholson G, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, 1-year study comparing safety and efficacy of atorvastatin versus simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:39-44.
23. 23. Stein EA, Lane M, Laskarzewski P. Comparison of statins in hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:66B-9B.
24. 24. Davidson MH, Stein EA, Dujovne CA, et al. The efficacy and 6-week tolerability of simvastatin 80 and 160 mg/day. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79:38-42.
25. 25. Bakker-Arkema RG, Davidson MH, Goldstein RJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 1996;275:128-33.
26. 26. Knapp RH. Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:498-511.
27. 27. National Cholesterol Education Program. Second Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). Circulation 1994;89:1333-445.
28. 28. Koren MJ, Smith DG, Hunninghake DB, et al. The cost of reaching National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) goals in hypercholesterolemic patients: a comparison of atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;14:59-70.
29. 29. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344:1383-9.
30. 30. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-9.
31. 31. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with provastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1349-57.
32. 32. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. Influence of pravastatin and plasma lipids on clinical events in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Circulation 1998;97:1440-5.
33. 33. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998;279:1615-22.
34. 34. The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA 1975;231:360-81.
35. 35. Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia: safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1237-45.
36. 36. Lipid Research Clinics Program. Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results, I: reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984;251:351-64.
37. 37. Lipid Research Clinics Program. Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results, II: the relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA 1984;251:365-74.
38. 38. Corsini A, Raiteri M, Soma MR, et al. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:21A-8A.
39. 39. Schwartz CJ, Valente AJ, Sprague EA. A modern view of atherogenesis. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:9B-14B.
40. 40. Ip JH, Fuster V, Badimon L, et al. Syndromes of accelerated atherosclerosis: role of vascular injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:1667-87.
41. 41. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, et al. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (2). N Engl J Med 1992;326:310-8.
42. 42. Rackley CE. Monotherapy with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and secondary prevention in coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol 1996;19:683-9.
43. 43. Pitt B, Mancini GB, Ellis SG, et al. Pravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLAC I): reduction in atherosclerosis progression and clinical events. PLAC I investigation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1133-9.
44. 44. Thompson GR. What targets should lipid-modulating therapy achieve to optimise the prevention of coronary heart disease? Atherosclerosis 1997;131:1-5.
45. 45. Treasure CB, Klein JL, Weintraub WS, et al. Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1995;332: 481-7.
46. 46. Anderson TJ, Meredith IT, Yeung AC, et al. The effect of cholesterollowering and antioxidant therapy on endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion. N Engl J Med 1995;332:488-93.
47. 47. Weber C, Erl W, Weber KS, et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors decrease CD11b expression and CD11b-dependent adhesion of monocytes to endothelium and reduce increased adhesiveness of monocytes isolated from patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:1212-7.
48. 48. Kleinveld HA, Demacker PN, De Haan AF, et al. Decreased in vitro oxidizability of low-density lipoprotein in hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors. Eur J Clin Invest 1993;23:289-95.
49. 49. Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 1990;343:425-30.
50. 50. de Groot E, Jukema JW, Montauban van Swijndregt AD, et al. B-mode ultrasound assessment of pravastatin treatment effect on carotid and femoral artery walls and its correlations with coronary arteriographic findings: a report of the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31:1561-7.