Muscle changes in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 223-227

  Behan, W M H ^a   Madigan, M ^a   Clark, B J ^a   Goldberg, J ^b   McLellan, D R ^b  

^a WESTERN INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^b VICTORIA INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ecstasy; Fluoxetine; LSD; Myopathy; Neuroleptic malignant syndrome; Remoxipride hydrochloride monohydrate

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; FLUOXETINE; LYSERGIDE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; REMOXIPRIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; EDEMA; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; MICROSCOPY; MUSCLE BIOPSY; MUSCLE INJURY; MYOPATHY; NECROSIS; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SARCOMA; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

ADULT; EDEMA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME;

EID: 0034067186     PISSN: 00219746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.53.3.223     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. 1 Addonizio G, Susman VL, Roth SD. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: review and analysis of 115 cases. Biol Psychiatry 1987;22:1004-20.
2. 2 Caroff SN, Mann SC. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Med Clin North Am 1993;77:185-202.
3. 3 Guze BH, Baxter LR. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. N Engl J Med 1985;313:163-6.
4. 4 Kellam AMP. The neuroleptic malignant syndrome so-called. A survey of the world literature. Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:752-9.
5. 5 Shalev A, Hermesh H, Munitz H. Mortality from neurolepric malignant syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50:18-29.
6. 6 Brown C, Osterloh J . Multiple severe complications from recreational ingestion of MDMA ("Ecstasy"). JAMA 1987;258:780-1.
7. 7 Dowling GP, McDonough ET, Bost RO. 'Eve' and 'Ecstasy'. A report of five deaths associated with the use of MDEA and MDMA. JAMA 1987;257:1615-17.
8. 8 Chadwick IS, Curry PD, Linsley A, et al. Ecstasy 3,4 methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a fatality associated with coagulopathy and hyperthermia. J R Soc Med 1991;84:371-4.
9. 9 Henry JA, Jeffreys KJ, Dawling S. Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"). Lancet 1992;340:384-7.
10. 10 Screaton GR, Singer M, Cairns MS, et al. Hyperpyrexia and rhabdomyolysis after MDMA ("Ecstasy") abuse. Lancet 1992;339:677-8.
11. 11 Campkin NTA, Davies UM. Another death from Ecstasy. J R Soc Med 1992;85:61.
12. 12 Milroy CM, Clark JC, Forrest ARW. Pathology of deaths associated with "ecstasy" and "eve" misuse. J Clin Pathol 1996;49:149-53.
13. 13 Dinse H. Ecstasy (MDMA)-intoxication. A review. Anaesthetist 1997;46:697-703.
14. 14 Velamoor VR, Norman RMG, Caroff SN, et al. Progression of symptoms in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis 1994;182:168-73.
15. 15 Ebadi M, Pfeiffer RF, Murrin LC. Pathogenesis and treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Gen Pharmacol 1990;21:367-86.
16. 16 Heiman-Patterson TD. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia. Med Clin North Am 1993;77: 477-92.
17. 17 Brown ERS, Jarvie DR, Simpson D. Use of drugs at 'raves'. Scot Med J 1995;40:168-71.
18. 18 Bertorini TE. Myoglobinaemia, malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome. Neurol Clin 1997;15:649-71.
19. 19 Burkhardt C, Kelly J-P, Lim Y-H, et al. Neuroleptic medications inhibit complex 1 of the electron transport chain. Ann Neurol 1993;33:512-17.
20. 20 Rutty GN, Milroy CM. The pathology of the ring-substituted amphetamine analogue 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy"). J Pathol 1997;181:255-6.
21. 21 Ellenhorn MJ, Barceloux DG, eds. Lysergic acid diethylamide. In: Medical toxicology. Diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning, chapter 29. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988: 663-72.
22. 22 Mercieca J, Brown EA. Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis associated with the use of a strait jacket in lysergide intoxication. BMJ 1984;288:1949-50.
23. 123I) iodobenzamide single-photon emission computed tomography in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Movement Disorders 1996;11:726-8.
24. 24 Horn E, Lach B, Lapierre Y, et al. Hypothalamic pathology in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1988;145:617-20.
25. 25 Eiser AR, Neff MS, Slifkin RF. Acute myoglobinuric renal failure. A consequence of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1982;142:601-3.
26. 26 Downey GP, Rosenberg M, Caroff S, et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: patient with unique clinical and physiologic features. Am J Med 1984;77:338-40.
27. 27 Schneider JM, Roger DJ, Uhl RL. Bilateral forearm compartment syndromes resulting from neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Hand Surg 1996;21:287-9.
28. 28 Martin DT, Swash M. Muscle pathology in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Neurol 1987;235:120-1.
29. 29 Behan WMH, Bakheit AMO, Behan PO, et al. The muscle findings in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with lysergic acid diethylamide. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54:741-3.
30. 30 Harriman DGF. Malignant hyperthermia myopathy - a critical review. Br J Anaesth 1988;60:309-16.
31. 31 Prescott RJ, Roberts SD, Williams G. Malignant hyperpyrexia: a rare cause of postoperative death. J Clin Pathol 1992;45:361-3.
32. 32 Burch GE, Sohal RS, Colcolough HL, et al. Virus-like particles in skeletal muscle of heat stroke victim. Arch Environ Health 1968;17:984-5.