Ecstasy (MDMA) - Intoxication. A review;Ecstasy (MDMA) - Intoxikation. Ein Uberblick

Anaesthesist

Volumn 46, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 697-703

  Dinse, H ^a,b  

^a Berufsgenossenschaftliche U   (Germany)

^b NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

complications; Ecstasy; intoxication; MDMA

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CAFEDRINE PLUS THEODRENALINE; DIAZEPAM; DOPAMINE; ESMOLOL; HALOPERIDOL; NIFEDIPINE; PHENYTOIN;

CLINICAL FEATURE; COLLOID; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG INTOXICATION; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIA; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; SEROTONIN SYNDROME; SYMPTOM;

EID: 0030823904     PISSN: 00032417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s001010050456     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Ames D, Wirshing WC (1993) Ecstasy, the serotonin-syndrome, and neuroleptic syndrome - a possible link? (letter). JAMA 269:869
2. Bakir AA, Dunea G (1996) Drugs of abuse and renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 5:122-126
3. Barrett PJ (1992) Ecstasy and dantrolene (letter). Br Med J 305:1225
4. Barren PJ (1993) "Ecstasy" misuse - overdose or normal dose? (letter). Anaesthesia 48:83
5. Barrett PJ, Taylor GT (1993) "Ecstasy" ingestion: a case report of severe complications. J R Soc Med 86:233-234
6. Bohn M, Bohn G, Blaschke G (1993) Synthesis markers in illegally manufactured 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Int J Leg Med 106:19-23
7. Büro für Suchtprävention (1995) XTC Fachtagung Anhang. In: Büro für Suchtprävention: Ecstasy - Prävention des Mißbrauchs. Neuland, Geesthacht, S 107-110
8. Cadier MA, Clarke JA (1993) Ecstasy and whizz at a rave resulting in a major burn plus complications. Burns 19:239-240
9. Campkin NTA, Davies UM (1992) Another death from ecstasy. J R Soc Med 85:61
10. Campkin NTA, Davies UM (1993) Treatment of "ecstasy" overdose with dantrolene (letter). Anaesthesia 48:82-83
11. Chenard-Neu MP, Boudjema K, Bernuau J, Degott C, Belghiti J, Chergui D, Costes V, Domergue J, Durand F, Erhard J, De Hemptinne B, Gubernatis G, Hadengue A, Kemnitz J, McCarthy M, Maschek H, Mentha G, Oldhafer K, Portmann B, Praet M, Ringers J, Rogiers X, Rubbia L, Schalm S, Ten Kate F, Terpstra O, Van Hoek B, Williams R, Zafrani ES, Cinqualbre J, Wolf Ph, Jareck D, Bellocq JP (1996) Auxiliary liver transplantation: Regeneration of the native liver and outcome in 30 patients with fulminant hepatic failure - A multicenter European study. Hepatology 23:1119-1127
12. Cohen RS (1996) Adverse symptomatology and suicide associated with the use of methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA; "Ecstasy"). Biol Psychiatr 39:819-820
13. Cook TM (1996) Cerebral oedema after MDMA ("ecstasy) and unrestricted water intake. Values for plasma osmolality may have been wrong (letter)". Br Med J 313:689
14. Coore JR (1996) A fatal trip with ecstasy: a case of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine/3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine toxicity. J R Soc Med 89:51-52
15. Cox DE (1993) "Rave" to the grave. Forensic Sci Int 60:5-6
16. Cregg MT, Tracey JA (1993) Ecstasy abuse in Ireland. Ir Med J 86:118-120
17. Das Bundesministerium des Innern (1996) Rauschbilanz 1996, Bonn
18. De Silva RN, Harries DP (1992) Misuse of ecstasy (letter). Br Med J 305:310
19. Demirkiran M, Jankovic J, Dean JM (1996) Ecstasy intoxication: an overlap between serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol 19:157-164
20. Deutsche Hauptstelle gegen die Suchtgefahren e.V. (1995) Drogenabhängigkeit. Eine Information für Ärzte. DHS, Hamm, S 24
21. Dowsett RP (1996) Deaths attributed to "ecstasy" overdose (letter). MJA 164:700
22. Drake WM, Broadhurst PA (1996) QT-interval prolongation with Ecstasy. SAMJ 86:180-181
23. Dykhuizen RS, Brunt PW, Atkinson P, Simpson JG, Smith CC (1995) Ecstasy induced hepatits mimicking viral hepatitis. Gut 36:939-941
24. Ellis AJ, Wendon JA, Portmann B, Williams R (1996) Acute liver damage and ecstasy ingestion. Gut 38:454-458
25. Fahal IH, Sallomi DF, Yaqoob M, Bell GM (1992) Acute renal failure after ecstasy. Br Med J 305:29
26. Finch E, Sell L, Arnold D (1996) Cerebral oedema after MDMA ("ecstasy") and unrestricted water intake. Drug workers emphasise that water is not an antidote to drug (letter). Br Med J 313:690
27. Friedman R (1993) Ecstasy, the serotonin syndrome, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome - a possible link? (letter). JAMA 269:869-870
28. Gartside SE, McQuade R, Sharp T (1996) Effects of repeated administration. J Pharmacol ExpTher 279:277-283
29. Gledhill JA, Moore DF, Bell D, Henry JA (1993) Subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with MDMA abuse (letter). J Neurol neurosurg Psychiatry 56:1036-1037
30. Gorard DA, Davies SE, Clark ML (1992) Misuse of ecstasy (letter). Br Med J 305:309
31. Green AR (1996) Ecstasy and neurodegeneration. Br Med J 312:1493
32. Heinz TW (1996) Auswirkungen des Konsums von"Designerdrogen". Dt Ärztebl 93:358-360
33. Henry JA (1992) Ecstasy and the dance of death. Br Med J 305:5-6
34. Henry JA (1996) Ecstasy and serotonin depletion (letter). Lancet 347:833
35. Henry JA, Jeffreys KJ, Dawling S (1992) Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"). Lancet 340:384-387
36. Hermle L, Gouzoulis E, Oepen G, Spitzer M, Kovar KA, Borchardt D, Fünfgeld M, Berger M (1993) Zur Bedeutung der historischen und aktuellen Halluzinogenforschung in der Psychiatrie. Nervenarzt 64:562-571
37. Holden R, Jackson MA (1996) Near-fatal hyponatriaemic coma due to vasopressin over-secretion after "ecstasy" (letter). Lancet 347:1052
38. Huarte-Muniesa MP, Pueyo-Royo AM (1995) Hepatitis aguda tras consume de exstasis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 87:681-683
39. Hughes JC, Mccabe M, Evan RJ (1993) Intracranial haemorrhage associated with ingestion of "Ecstasy". Arch Emerg Med 10:372-374
40. Jamin J (1995) Verbotene Früchte - Drogenprävention nach Maß. Die niederländische Drogenpolitik der Schadensreduzierung am Beispiel Ecstasy - Monitoring, Qualitätskontrolle, Präventionsstrategien. In: Büro für Suchtprävention: Ecstasy - Prävention des Mißbrauchs. Neuland, Geesthacht, S 91-105
41. Kessel B (1994) Hyponatriaemia after ingestion of "ecstasy" Br Med J 308:414
42. Larner AJ (1992) Complications of "ecstasy" misuse (letter). Lancet 340:726
43. Larner AJ (1993) Dantrolene and "ecstasy" overdose. Anaesthesia 48:179-180
44. Lee JWY (1994) Catatonic stupor after "ecstasy". Br Med J 308:717-718
45. Levine AJ, Drew S, Rees GM (1993) "Ecstasy" induced pneumomediastinum. Royal Society of Medicine 86:232-233
46. Manchada S, Connolly MJ (1993) Cerebral infarction in association with Ecstasy abuse. Postgrad Med J 69:874-875
47. Marsh JC, Abboudi ZH, Gibson FM, Scopes J, Daly S, O'Shaunnessy DF, Baughan AS (1994) Aplastic anaemia following exposure to methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"). Br J Haematol 88:281-285
48. Massari FM, Comerio G, Perlini S, Bocciolone M, Lotto A (1995) Infarto miocardico acuto in eta giovanille e tossicodipendenze. Revisione della letteratura ed esperienza personal. G Ital Cardiol 25:1273-1283
49. Matthai SM, Sills JA, Davidson DC, Alexandrou D (1996) Cerebral oedema after ingestion of MDMA ("ecstasy") and unrestricted intake of water (letter). Br Med J 312(7042):1359
50. McCauley JC (1996) Deathy attributed to "ecstasy" (letter). MJA 164:56
51. McCoy EP, Renfrew C, Jonston JR, Lavery G (1994) Malignant hyperpyrexia in an MDMA ("ecstasy") abuser. Ulster Med J 63:103-107
52. Merck E (1914) Verfahren zur Darstellung von Alkyloxyaryldialyloxyaryl und Alkyenedioxyarlaminopropanen bzw. deren am Stickstoff monoalkylierten Derivaten. German Patent 274:350
53. Merrill J (1996) Ecstasy and neurodegeneration: Advice is that "less is more" (letter). Br Med J 313:423
54. Milroy CM, Clark JC, Forrest AR (1996) Pathology of deaths associated with "ecstasy" and "eve" misuse. J Clin Pathol 49:149-153
55. Nimmo SM, Kennedy BW, Tullett WM, Blyth AS, Dougall JR (1993) Drug-induced hyperthermia. Anaesthesia 48:892-895
56. Padkin A (1994) Treating MDMA ("Ecstasy") toxicity. Anaesthesia 49:259
57. Randall T (1992) Ecstasy-fueled "rave" parties become dances of death for english youths. JAMA 268:1505-1506
58. Riedlinger TJ, Riedlinger FLS, Riedlinger J (1994) Psychedelic and entactogenic drugs in the treatment of depression. J Psychactive Drugs 26:41-55
59. Rittoo D,Rittoo DB, Rittoo D (1992) Misuse of ecstasy (letter). Br Med J 305:309-310
60. Roebroek RM, Korten JJ (1996) Epileptische insulten, herseninfarct en rhabdomyolysis als complicates van amfetaminegebuik. Med Tijddschr Geneeskd 140:205-207
61. Saunders N (1996) Ecstasy and neurodegeneration: No evidence of neurotoxicity exists (letter). Br Med J 313-423
62. Schifano F (1991) Chronic atypical psychosis associated with MDMA ("ecstasy") (letter). Lancet 338:1335
63. Schmoldt A (1995) Hirnschädigung durch Ecstasy? MDMA: Medizinische und pharmakologische Aspekte. In: Büro für Suchtprävention: Ecstasy - Prävention des Mißbrauchs. Neuland, Geesthacht, S 59-70
64. Screaton GR, Cairns HS, Sarner M, Singer M, Thrasher A, Cohen SL (1992) Hyperpyrexia and rhabdomyolysis after MDMA ("ecstasy") abuse (letter). Lancet 339:677-678
65. Shearman JD, Chapman RWG, Satasangi J, Ryley NG (1992) Misuse of ecstasy (letter). Br Med J 305:309
66. Shewan D, Dalgarno Ph, King LA (1996) Ecstasy and neurodegeneration: ...such as ketamine (letter). Br Med J 313:424
67. Shulgin AT zitiert in Heinz TW (1996) Auswirkungen des Konsums von "Designerdrogen". Dt Ärztebl 93:358-360
68. Singarajah C, Lavies NG (1992) An overdose of ecstasy. Anaesthesia 47:686-687
69. Solowij N, Hall W, Lee N (1992) Recreational MDMA use in Sidney: a profile of "Ecstasy" users and their experiences with the drug. Br J Addict 87:1161-1172
70. Steele TD, McCann UA, Ricaurte GA (1994) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy": pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans. Addiction 89:539-555
71. Sternbach GL, Varon JV (1992) Designer drugs. Recognizing and managing their toxic effects. Postgrad Med 91:169-176
72. Stone RJ (1993) Treatment of ecstasy overdose with dantrolene (letter). Anaesthesia 48:83
73. Teggin AF (1992) Ecstasy - a dangerous drug. SAMJ 81:431-432
74. Tehan B (1993) Ecstasy and dantrolene (letter). Br Med J 306:146
75. Tehan B, Hardern R, Bodenham A (1993) Hyperthermia associated with 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine ("Eve"). Anaesthesia 48:507-510
76. Verweij AMA (1991) Verunreinigungen in illegalem Amphetamin. Arch Kriminol 188:155-158
77. Wardle I (1995) Ecstasy (MDMA) and Eve (MDEA) in Great Britain - the safer use campaign of Life-line project: intensions, experiences and information material. In: Büro für Suchtprävention: Ecstasy - Prävention des Mißbrauchs. Neuland, Geesthacht, S 71-80
78. Watson JD, Ferguson C, Hinds CJ, Skinner R, Coakley JH (1993) Exertional heat stroke induced by amphetamine analogues. Anaesthesia 48:1057-1060
79. Webb, C, Williams V (1993) Ecstasy intoxication: appreciation of complications and the role of dantrolene. Anaesthesia 48:542-543
80. Wilkins B (1996) Cerebral oedema after MDMA ("ecstasy") and unrestricted water intake. Hyponatriaemia must be treated with slow water input (letter). Br Med J 313:689-690
81. Winstock AR, King LA (1996) Ecstasy and neurodegeneration: tablets often contain substances in addition to, or instead of, ecstasy (letter). Br Med J 313:434-424
82. Wodarz N, Boning J (1993) "Ecstasy"- induziertes psychotisches Depersonalisationssyndrom. Nervenarzt 64:478-480