Discrete and continuous prepulses have differential effects on startle prepulse inhibition and skin conductance orienting

Psychophysiology

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 224-230

  Wynn, Jonathan K ^a   Dawson, Michael E ^a   Schell, Anne M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b OCCIDENTAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Continuous prepulse; Discrete prepulse; Orienting; Prepulse inhibition; Skin conductance; Startle

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUDIOMETRY; AUDITORY STIMULATION; AUDITORY SYSTEM; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NOISE; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SKIN CONDUCTANCE; STARTLE REFLEX; STIMULUS RESPONSE;

ADULT; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE; HUMANS; MALE; STARTLE REACTION;

EID: 0034053997     PISSN: 00485772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0048577200981940     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Acocella, C. M., & Blumenthal, T. D. (1990). Directed attention influences the modification of startle reflex probability. Psychological Reports. 66, 275-285.
2. Berg, K. M. (1985). Temporal masking level differences for transients: Further evidence for a short-term integrator. Perception and Psychophysics, 37, 397-406.
3. Blumenthal, T. D. (1996). Inhibition of the human startle response is affected by both prepulse intensity and eliciting stimulus intensity. Biological Psychology, 44, 85-104.
4. Blumenthal, T. D. (1999). Short lead interval startle modification. In M. E. Dawson, A. M. Schell, & A. H. Böhmelt (Eds.), Startle modification: Implications for cognitive science, clinical science, and neuroscience (pp. 51-71). New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. Blumenthal, T. D., & Goode, C. T. (1991). The startle eyeblink response to low intensity acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology, 28, 296-306.
6. Blumenthal, T. D., & Levey, B. J. (1989). Prepulse rise time and startle reflex modification: Different effects for discrete and continuous prepulses, Psychophysiology, 26, 158-165.
7. Braff, D. L., & Geyer, M. A. (1990). Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia: Human and animal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 181-188.
8. Braff, D. L., Grillon, C., & Geyer, M. A. (1992). Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 206-215.
9. Breitmeyer, B., & Ganz, L. (1976). Implications of transient and sustained channels for theories of visual pattern masking, saccadic suppression, and information processing. Psychological Review, 83, 1-17.
10. Dawson, M. E., Hazlett, E. A., Filion, D. L., Nuechterlein, K. H., & Schell, A. M. (1993). Attention and schizophrenia: Impaired modulation of the startle reflex. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 633-641.
11. Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M., Kelly, K. A., Marshall, B. D., Jr., Hayden, J., McGee, M., & Green, M. F. Startle modification impairment and schizophrenia: Exploring the nature of the deficit. In preparation.
12. Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M., Swerdlow, N. R., & Filion, D. L. (1997). Cognitive, clinical, and neurophysiological implications of startle modification. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. T. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 257-275). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
13. Filion, D. L., Dawson, M. E., & Schell, A. M. (1998). The psychological significance of human startle eyeblink modification: A review. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 1-43.
14. Gersuni, G. V. (1971). Temporal organization of the auditory function. In G. V. Gersuni (Ed.), Sensory processes at the neuronal and behavioral levels (pp. 85-114). New York: Academic Press.
15. Gescheider, G. A., Huffman, K. E., Harrison, M. A., Travis, M. L., & Bolanowski, S. J. (1994). The effects of masking on vibrotactile temporal summation in the detection of sinusoidal and noise signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 1001-1016.
16. Graham, F. K. (1975). The more or less startling effects of weak prestimulation. Psychophysiology, 12, 238-248.
17. Graham, F. K. (1980). Control of blink reflex excitability. In R. F. Thompson, L. H. Hicks, & V. B. Shvyrkov (Eds.), Neural mechanisms of goal-directed behavior and learning (pp. 511-519). New York: Academic Press.
18. Graham, F. K. (1992). Attention: The heartbeat, the blink, and the brain. In B. A. Campbell, H. Hayne, & R. Richardson (Eds.), Attention and information processing in infants and adults: Perspectives from human and animal research (pp. 3-29). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Graham, F. K., & Murray, G. M. (1977). Discordant effects of weak prestimulation on magnitude and latency of the reflex blink. Physiological Psychology, 5, 108-114.
20. Grillon, C. Ameli, R., Charney, D. S., Krystal, J., & Braff, D. (1992). Startle gating deficits occur across prepulse intensities in schizophrenic patients. Biological Psychiatry, 32, 939-943.
21. Hammond, G. R., McAdam, D. W., & Ison, J. R. (1972). Effects of prestimulation on the electromyographic response associated with the acoustic startle reaction in rats. Physiology and Behavior, 8, 535-537.
22. Hazlett, E. A., Buchsbaum, M. S., Haznedar, M. M., Singer, M. B., Schnur, D. B., Jimenez, E. A., Buchsbaum, B. R., & Troyer, B. T. (1998). Prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism and startle eyeblink modification abnormalities in unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Psychophysiology, 35, 186-198.
23. Huffman, H. S. (1999). A historical note on the "Discovery" of startle modification. In M. E. Dawson, A. M. Schell, & A. H. Böhmelt (Eds.), Startle modification: Implications for neuroscience, cognitive science, and clinical science (pp. 1-5). New York: Cambridge University Press.
24. Hoffman, H. S., & Ison, J. R. (1980). Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychological Review, 87, 175-189.
25. Hoffman, H. S., & Searle, J. L. (1968). Acoustic and temporal factors in the evocation of startle. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 43, 269-282.
26. Hoffman, H. S., & Wible, B. L. (1969). Temporal parameters in startle facilitation by steady background signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 45, 7-12.
27. Jennings, P. D., Schell, A. M., Filion, D. L., & Dawson, M. E. (1996). Tracking early and late stages of information processing: Contributions of startle eyeblink reflex modification. Psychophysiology, 33, 148-155.
28. Lane, S. J., Ornitz, E. M., & Guthrie, D. (1991). Modulatory influence of continuous tone, tone offset, and tone onset on the human acoustic startle response. Psychophysiology, 28, 579-587.
29. Musiek, F. E., & Lamb, L. (1992). Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of central auditory processing. In J. Katz, N. A. Stecker, & D. Henderson (Eds.), Central auditory processing: A transdisciplinary view (pp. 11-36). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Year Book.
30. Näätänen, R. (1992). Attention and brain function. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Öhman, A. (1992). Orienting and attention: Preferred preattentive processing of potentially phobic stimuli. In B. A. Campbell (Ed.), Attention and information processing in infants and adults: Perspectives from human and animal research (pp. 263-295). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
32. Pickles, J. O. (1988). An introduction to the physiology of hearing (2nd ed.), London: Academic Press.
33. Rom, D. M. (1990). A sequentially rejective test procedure based on a modified Bonferroni inequality. Biometrika, 77, 663-666.
34. Scharf, B., & Houtsma, A. J. M. (1986). Audition II: Loudness, pitch, localization, aural distortion, pathology. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance. Volume I: Sensory processes and perception (pp. 15-1-15-60). New York: Wiley.
35. Schwartz, S. H., & Loop, M. S. (1984). Effect of duration on detection by the chromatic and achromatic systems. Perception and Psychophysics, 36, 65-67.