메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 162-169

Clozapine- and olanzapine-induced Fos expression in the rat medial prefrontal cortex is mediated by β-adrenoceptors

Author keywords

Adrenergic receptors; Atypical antipsychotics; Clozapine; Fos, Prefrontal cortex; Immediate early genes; Negative symptom; Noradrenaline; Olanzapine; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; CLOZAPINE; NORADRENALIN; OLANZAPINE; PROPRANOLOL; PROTEIN;

EID: 0034042950     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00105-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0024461513 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine: Pharmacokinetic investigation and biochemical effects in man
    • Ackenheil M. Clozapine. Pharmacokinetic investigation and biochemical effects in man Psychopharmacology. 99:1989;S32-S37.
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , pp. 32-S37
    • Ackenheil, M.1
  • 2
    • 0018931063 scopus 로고
    • Central levels of noradrenaline, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol and cyclic AMP in the rat after activation of locus coeruleus neurons: Influence of single and repeated neuroleptic treatment
    • Ader J.P., Sebens J.B., Korf J. Central levels of noradrenaline, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol and cyclic AMP in the rat after activation of locus coeruleus neurons. Influence of single and repeated neuroleptic treatment Psychopharmacology. 70:1980;239-245.
    • (1980) Psychopharmacology , vol.70 , pp. 239-245
    • Ader, J.P.1    Sebens, J.B.2    Korf, J.3
  • 3
  • 4
    • 0026745045 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical studies of noradrenergic-induced expression of c-fos in the rat CNS
    • Bing G., Stone E.A., Zhang Y., Filer D. Immunohistochemical studies of noradrenergic-induced expression of c-fos in the rat CNS. Brain Res. 592:1992;57-62.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.592 , pp. 57-62
    • Bing, G.1    Stone, E.A.2    Zhang, Y.3    Filer, D.4
  • 5
    • 0026022725 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine is a potent and selective muscarinic antagonist at the five cloned human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells
    • Bolden C., Cusack B., Richelson E. Clozapine is a potent and selective muscarinic antagonist at the five cloned human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 192:1991;205-206.
    • (1991) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.192 , pp. 205-206
    • Bolden, C.1    Cusack, B.2    Richelson, E.3
  • 8
    • 0029880065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical evidence for antagonism by olanzapine of dopamine, serotonin, α1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in vivo in rats
    • b
    • Bymaster F.P., Hemrick-Luecke S.K., Perry K.W., Fuller R.W. Neurochemical evidence for antagonism by olanzapine of dopamine, serotonin, α1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in vivo in rats. Psychopharmacology. 124:1996;87-94. b.
    • (1996) Psychopharmacology , vol.124 , pp. 87-94
    • Bymaster, F.P.1    Hemrick-Luecke, S.K.2    Perry, K.W.3    Fuller, R.W.4
  • 9
    • 0017741055 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine receptors on locus coeruleus neurons: Pharmacological characterization
    • Cedarbaum J.M., Aghajanian G.K. Catecholamine receptors on locus coeruleus neurons. Pharmacological characterization Eur J Pharmacol. 44:1977;375-385.
    • (1977) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 375-385
    • Cedarbaum, J.M.1    Aghajanian, G.K.2
  • 11
    • 0021795985 scopus 로고
    • 6-Hydroxydopamine pretreatment effects on α- And β-adrenergic receptor adaptation to clorgyline
    • Cohen R.M., Aulakh C., McLellan C., Murphy D.L. 6-Hydroxydopamine pretreatment effects on α- and β-adrenergic receptor adaptation to clorgyline. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol. 329:1985;158-161.
    • (1985) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol , vol.329 , pp. 158-161
    • Cohen, R.M.1    Aulakh, C.2    McLellan, C.3    Murphy, D.L.4
  • 12
    • 0026516298 scopus 로고
    • General pharmacology of clozapine
    • Coward D.M. General pharmacology of clozapine. Br J Psychiatry. 160(Suppl 17):1992;5-11.
    • (1992) Br J Psychiatry , vol.160 , Issue.SUPPL. 17 , pp. 5-11
    • Coward, D.M.1
  • 13
    • 0029655657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of antipsychotic drugs on Fos protein expression in the prefrontal cortex: Cellular localization and pharmacological characterization
    • Deutch A.Y., Duman R.S. The effects of antipsychotic drugs on Fos protein expression in the prefrontal cortex. Cellular localization and pharmacological characterization Neuroscience. 70:1996;377-389.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.70 , pp. 377-389
    • Deutch, A.Y.1    Duman, R.S.2
  • 14
    • 0024425142 scopus 로고
    • The use of c-fos as a metabolic marker in neuronal pathway tracing
    • Dragunow M., Faull R. The use of c-fos as a metabolic marker in neuronal pathway tracing. J Neurosci Meth. 29:1989;261-265.
    • (1989) J Neurosci Meth , vol.29 , pp. 261-265
    • Dragunow, M.1    Faull, R.2
  • 15
    • 0028170769 scopus 로고
    • Effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on Fos protein expression in the rat forebrain
    • Fink-Jensen A., Kristensen P. Effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on Fos protein expression in the rat forebrain. Neurosci Lett. 182:1994;115-118.
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.182 , pp. 115-118
    • Fink-Jensen, A.1    Kristensen, P.2
  • 16
    • 0029073795 scopus 로고
    • The effect of clozapine on Fos protein immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain is not mimicked by the addition of α1-adrenergic or 5HT2 receptor blockade to haloperidol
    • Fink-Jensen A., Ludvigsen T.S., Korsgaard N. The effect of clozapine on Fos protein immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain is not mimicked by the addition of α1-adrenergic or 5HT2 receptor blockade to haloperidol. Neurosci Lett. 194:1995;77-80.
    • (1995) Neurosci Lett , vol.194 , pp. 77-80
    • Fink-Jensen, A.1    Ludvigsen, T.S.2    Korsgaard, N.3
  • 17
    • 0021137420 scopus 로고
    • Idazoxan (RX 781094) selectively antagonizes α2-adrenoceptors on rat central neurons
    • Freedman J.E., Aghajanian G.K. Idazoxan (RX 781094) selectively antagonizes α2-adrenoceptors on rat central neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 105:1984;265-272.
    • (1984) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.105 , pp. 265-272
    • Freedman, J.E.1    Aghajanian, G.K.2
  • 18
    • 0031890807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous quantification of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline levels in single frontal cortex dialysates of freely-moving rats reveals a complex pattern of reciprocal auto-and heteroreceptor-mediated control of release
    • Gobert A., Rivet J.M., Audinot V., Newman-Tancredi A., Cistarelli L., Millan M.J. Simultaneous quantification of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline levels in single frontal cortex dialysates of freely-moving rats reveals a complex pattern of reciprocal auto-and heteroreceptor-mediated control of release. Neuroscience. 84:1998;413-429.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.84 , pp. 413-429
    • Gobert, A.1    Rivet, J.M.2    Audinot, V.3    Newman-Tancredi, A.4    Cistarelli, L.5    Millan, M.J.6
  • 19
    • 0026782906 scopus 로고
    • Both phasic sensory stimulation and tonic pharmacological activation increase Fos-like immunoreactivity in the rat locus coeruleus
    • Grant S.J., Bittman K., Benno R.H. Both phasic sensory stimulation and tonic pharmacological activation increase Fos-like immunoreactivity in the rat locus coeruleus. Synapse. 12:1992;112-118.
    • (1992) Synapse , vol.12 , pp. 112-118
    • Grant, S.J.1    Bittman, K.2    Benno, R.H.3
  • 20
    • 0028931718 scopus 로고
    • Receptor mechanisms mediating clozapine-induced c-fos expression in the forebrain
    • Guo N., Klitenic M.A., Tham C.S., Fibiger H.C. Receptor mechanisms mediating clozapine-induced c-fos expression in the forebrain. Neuroscience. 65:1995;747-756.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.65 , pp. 747-756
    • Guo, N.1    Klitenic, M.A.2    Tham, C.S.3    Fibiger, H.C.4
  • 21
    • 0030610487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin 1A receptor agonists induce Fos protein expression in the locus coeruleus of the conscious rat
    • Hamamura T., Lee Y., Fujiwara Y., Kuroda S. Serotonin 1A receptor agonists induce Fos protein expression in the locus coeruleus of the conscious rat. Brain Res. 759:1997;156-159.
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.759 , pp. 156-159
    • Hamamura, T.1    Lee, Y.2    Fujiwara, Y.3    Kuroda, S.4
  • 22
    • 0031905314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine versus placebo and haloperidol: Quality of life and efficacy results of the North American double-blind trial
    • Hamilton S.H., Revicki D.A., Genduso L.A., Beasley C.M. Olanzapine versus placebo and haloperidol. Quality of life and efficacy results of the North American double-blind trial Neuropsychopharmacology. 18:1998;41-49.
    • (1998) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.18 , pp. 41-49
    • Hamilton, S.H.1    Revicki, D.A.2    Genduso, L.A.3    Beasley, C.M.4
  • 23
    • 0002302911 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy and function of noradrenaline in the mammalian brain
    • D.J. Heal, & C.A. Marsden. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Holes V.R. The anatomy and function of noradrenaline in the mammalian brain. Heal D.J., Marsden C.A. The pharmacology of noradrenaline in the central nervous system. 1990;1-40 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1990) The Pharmacology of Noradrenaline in the Central Nervous System , pp. 1-40
    • Holes, V.R.1
  • 24
    • 0023812652 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine
    • Kane J., Honigfeld G., Singer J., Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine Arch Gen Psychiatry. 45:1988;789-796.
    • (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 789-796
    • Kane, J.1    Honigfeld, G.2    Singer, J.3    Meltzer, H.4
  • 25
    • 0030975004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of YM-43611, a novel dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, on immediate early gene expression in the rat forebrain
    • Kurokawa K., Narita M., Koshiya K., Hidaka K., Ohmori J., Satoh K. Effects of YM-43611, a novel dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, on immediate early gene expression in the rat forebrain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 17:1997;27-33.
    • (1997) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.17 , pp. 27-33
    • Kurokawa, K.1    Narita, M.2    Koshiya, K.3    Hidaka, K.4    Ohmori, J.5    Satoh, K.6
  • 26
    • 0022649583 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of endogenous noradrenaline release in the rat cerebral cortex in vivo by transcortical dialysis: Effects of drugs affecting noradrenergic transmission
    • L'Heureux R., Dennis T., Curet O., Scatton B. Measurement of endogenous noradrenaline release in the rat cerebral cortex in vivo by transcortical dialysis. Effects of drugs affecting noradrenergic transmission J Neurochem. 46:1986;1794-1801.
    • (1986) J Neurochem , vol.46 , pp. 1794-1801
    • L'Heureux, R.1    Dennis, T.2    Curet, O.3    Scatton, B.4
  • 27
    • 0031933103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum
    • Li X.-M., Perry K.W., Wong D.T., Bymaster F.P. Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum. Psychopharmacology. 136:1998;153-161.
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology , vol.136 , pp. 153-161
    • Li, X.-M.1    Perry, K.W.2    Wong, D.T.3    Bymaster, F.P.4
  • 29
    • 0029949349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idazoxan and response to typical neuroleptics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, comparison with the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine
    • Litman R.E., Su T.-P., Potter W.Z., Hong W.W., Pickar D. Idazoxan and response to typical neuroleptics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, comparison with the atypical neuroleptic, clozapine. Br J Psychiatry. 168:1996;571-579.
    • (1996) Br J Psychiatry , vol.168 , pp. 571-579
    • Litman, R.E.1    Su, T.-P.2    Potter, W.Z.3    Hong, W.W.4    Pickar, D.5
  • 30
    • 0024466603 scopus 로고
    • Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D-1, D-2 and serotonin 2 pKi values
    • Meltzer H.Y., Matsubara S., Lee J.C. Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D-1, D-2 and serotonin 2 pKi values. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 251:1989;238-246.
    • (1989) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.251 , pp. 238-246
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    Matsubara, S.2    Lee, J.C.3
  • 31
    • 0025672801 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex
    • H.B.M. Uylings, C.G. Van Eden, J.P.C. De Bruin, M.A. Corner, & M.G.P. Feenstra. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Parnavelas J.G. Neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex. Uylings H.B.M., Van Eden C.G., De Bruin J.P.C., Corner M.A., Feenstra M.G.P. The Prefrontal Cortex. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 85. 1990;13-29 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1990) The Prefrontal Cortex. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 85 , pp. 13-29
    • Parnavelas, J.G.1
  • 33
    • 0026772116 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biologic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia: Crossover comparison with fluphenazine
    • Picker D., Owen R.R., Litman R.E., Konicki P.E., Gutierrez R., Rapaport M.H. Clinical and biologic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. Crossover comparison with fluphenazine Arch Gen Psychiatry. 49:1992;345-353.
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 345-353
    • Picker, D.1    Owen, R.R.2    Litman, R.E.3    Konicki, P.E.4    Gutierrez, R.5    Rapaport, M.H.6
  • 34
    • 0022645647 scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus norepinephrine-containing neurons: Effects produced by acute and subchronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs and amphetamine
    • Ramirez O.A., Wang R.Y. Locus coeruleus norepinephrine-containing neurons. Effects produced by acute and subchronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs and amphetamine Brain Res. 362:1986;165-170.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.362 , pp. 165-170
    • Ramirez, O.A.1    Wang, R.Y.2
  • 35
    • 0028080521 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical findings of negative symptoms in schizophrenia and their putative relevance to pharmacologic treatment
    • Rao M.L., Moller H.J. Biochemical findings of negative symptoms in schizophrenia and their putative relevance to pharmacologic treatment. Neuropsychobiology. 30:1994;160-172.
    • (1994) Neuropsychobiology , vol.30 , pp. 160-172
    • Rao, M.L.1    Moller, H.J.2
  • 36
    • 0026565729 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptics increase c-fos expression in the forebrain: Contrasting effects of haloperidol and clozapine
    • Robertson G.S., Fibiger H.C. Neuroleptics increase c-fos expression in the forebrain. Contrasting effects of haloperidol and clozapine Neuroscience. 46:1992;315-328.
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.46 , pp. 315-328
    • Robertson, G.S.1    Fibiger, H.C.2
  • 37
    • 0028135046 scopus 로고
    • Induction patterns of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the forebrain as predictors of atypical antipsychotic activity
    • Robertson G.S., Matsumura H., Fibiger H.C. Induction patterns of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the forebrain as predictors of atypical antipsychotic activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 271:1994;1058-1066.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.271 , pp. 1058-1066
    • Robertson, G.S.1    Matsumura, H.2    Fibiger, H.C.3
  • 38
    • 0030048254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of olanzapine on regional c-fos expression in rat forebrain
    • Robertson G.S., Fibiger H.C. Effects of olanzapine on regional c-fos expression in rat forebrain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 14:1996;105-110.
    • (1996) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.14 , pp. 105-110
    • Robertson, G.S.1    Fibiger, H.C.2
  • 39
    • 0030694503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine increases dopamine release in prefrontal cortex by 5-HT1A receptor activation
    • Rollema H., Lu Y., Schmidt A.W., Zorn S.H. Clozapine increases dopamine release in prefrontal cortex by 5-HT1A receptor activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 338:1997;R3-R5.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.338 , pp. 3-R5
    • Rollema, H.1    Lu, Y.2    Schmidt, A.W.3    Zorn, S.H.4
  • 40
    • 0023891990 scopus 로고
    • Expression of c-fos protein in brain: Metabolic mapping at the cellular level
    • Sagar S.M., Sharp F.R., Curran T. Expression of c-fos protein in brain. Metabolic mapping at the cellular level Science. 240:1988;1328-1331.
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 1328-1331
    • Sagar, S.M.1    Sharp, F.R.2    Curran, T.3
  • 41
    • 0031826710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine-induced Fos expression in the rat fore brain; Cross-tolerance with haloperidol and clozapine
    • Sebens J.B., Koch T., Ter Horst G.T., Korf J. Olanzapine-induced Fos expression in the rat fore brain; cross-tolerance with haloperidol and clozapine. Eur J Pharmacol. 353:1998;13-21.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.353 , pp. 13-21
    • Sebens, J.B.1    Koch, T.2    Ter Horst, G.T.3    Korf, J.4
  • 42
    • 0027849709 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic mapping with cellular resolution: C-fos vs. 2-deoxyglucose
    • Sharp F.R., Sagar S.M., Swanson R.A. Metabolic mapping with cellular resolution. c-fos vs. 2-deoxyglucose Crit Rev Neurobiol. 7:1993;205-228.
    • (1993) Crit Rev Neurobiol , vol.7 , pp. 205-228
    • Sharp, F.R.1    Sagar, S.M.2    Swanson, R.A.3
  • 43
    • 0025179967 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics
    • Sokoloff P., Giros B., Martres M.P., Bouthenet M.L., Schwartz J.C. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. Nature. 347:1990;146-151.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 146-151
    • Sokoloff, P.1    Giros, B.2    Martres, M.P.3    Bouthenet, M.L.4    Schwartz, J.C.5
  • 44
    • 0029098765 scopus 로고
    • Adrenoceptor antagonists block c-fos response to stress in the mouse brain
    • Stone E.A., Zhang Y. Adrenoceptor antagonists block c-fos response to stress in the mouse brain. Brain Res. 694:1995;279-286.
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.694 , pp. 279-286
    • Stone, E.A.1    Zhang, Y.2
  • 45
    • 0023019277 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-free schizophrenic patients with and without cortical atrophy
    • Van Kammen D.P., Van Kammen W.B., Mann L.S., Seppala T., Linnoila M. Dopamine metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-free schizophrenic patients with and without cortical atrophy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 43:1986;978-983.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 978-983
    • Van Kammen, D.P.1    Van Kammen, W.B.2    Mann, L.S.3    Seppala, T.4    Linnoila, M.5
  • 46
    • 0026427253 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine
    • Van Tol H.H.M., Bunzow J.R., Guan H.C., Sunahara R.K., Seeman P., Niznik H.B., Civelli O. Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine. Nature. 350:1991;610-614.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 610-614
    • Van Tol, H.H.M.1    Bunzow, J.R.2    Guan, H.C.3    Sunahara, R.K.4    Seeman, P.5    Niznik, H.B.6    Civelli, O.7
  • 47
    • 0028084494 scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in the in vivo regulation of the extracellular levels of noradrenaline and its metabolites in rat brain
    • Van Veldhuizen M.J., Feenstra M.G., Boer G.J. Regional differences in the in vivo regulation of the extracellular levels of noradrenaline and its metabolites in rat brain. Brain Res. 635:1994;238-248.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.635 , pp. 238-248
    • Van Veldhuizen, M.J.1    Feenstra, M.G.2    Boer, G.J.3
  • 48
    • 0029097936 scopus 로고
    • Acute administration of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs induces distinctive patterns of Fos expression in the rat forebrain
    • Wan W., Ennulat D.J., Cohen B.M. Acute administration of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs induces distinctive patterns of Fos expression in the rat forebrain. Brain Res. 688:1995;95-104.
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.688 , pp. 95-104
    • Wan, W.1    Ennulat, D.J.2    Cohen, B.M.3
  • 49
    • 0023783753 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia and the frontal lobe
    • Weinberger D.R. Schizophrenia and the frontal lobe. Trends Neurosci. 8:1988;367-370.
    • (1988) Trends Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 367-370
    • Weinberger, D.R.1
  • 50
    • 0023918477 scopus 로고
    • Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia
    • Weinberger D.R., Berman K.F., Illowsky B.P. Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 45:1988;609-615.
    • (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 609-615
    • Weinberger, D.R.1    Berman, K.F.2    Illowsky, B.P.3
  • 51
    • 0031722762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic drugs induce similar effects on the release of dopamine and noradrenaline in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat brain
    • Westerink B.H.C., de Boer P., de Vries J.B., Kruse C.G., Long S.K. Antipsychotic drugs induce similar effects on the release of dopamine and noradrenaline in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol. 361:1998;27-33.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.361 , pp. 27-33
    • Westerink, B.H.C.1    De Boer, P.2    De Vries, J.B.3    Kruse, C.G.4    Long, S.K.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.