Combining field experiments and individual-based modeling to identify the dynamically relevant organizational scale in a field system

Oikos

Volumn 89, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 471-484

  Schmitz, Oswald J ^a  

^a Yale School of the Environment   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; FIELD METHOD; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL;

EID: 0034036559     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890306.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Abrams, P. A. 1992. Predators that benefit prey and prey that harm predators: unusual effects of interacting foraging adaptations. Am. Nat. 140: 573-600.
2. Abrams, P. A. 1995. Implications of dynamically-variable traits for identifying, classifying, and measuring direct and indirect effects in ecological communities. - Am. Nat. 146: 112-134.
3. Abrams, P. A. and Schmitz, O. J. 1999. The effect of risk of mortality on the foraging behavior of animals faced with time and gut capacity constraints. - Evol. Ecol. Res. 1: 285-301.
4. Beckerman, A. P., Uriarte, M. and Schmitz, O. J. 1997. Experimental evidence for a behavior-mediated trophic cascade in a terrestrial food chain. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 10735-10738.
5. Belovsky, G. E. and Slade, J. B. 1993. The role of vertebrate and invertebrate predators in a grasshopper community. -Oikos 68: 193-201.
6. Belovsky, G. E. and Slade, J. B. 1995. Dynamics of some Montana grasshopper populations: relationships among weather, food abundance and intraspecific competition. -Oecologia 101: 383-396.
7. Bolker, B and Pacala, S. W. 1997. Using moment equations to understand stochastically driven spatial pattern formation in ecological systems. - Theor Popul. Biol. 52: 179-197.
8. Booth, G. 1997. Gecko: a continuous 2-D world for ecological modeling. - Artificial Life 3: 147-163.
9. Box, G. E. P. and Jenkins, G. M. 1976. Time series analysis, forecasting and control. - Holden Day.
10. DeAngelis, D. L. and Gross, L. J. 1992. Individual-based models and approaches in ecology. - Chapman and Hall.
11. Durrett, R. and Levin, S. A. 1994. The importance of being discrete (and spatial). - Theor. Popul. Biol. 46: 363-394.
12. Fahse, L., Wissel, C. and Grimm, V. 1998. Reconciling classical and individual-based approaches in theoretical population ecology: a protocol for extracting population parameters from individual-based models. - Am. Nat. 152: 838-852.
13. Grünbaum, D. 1998. Using spatially explicit models to characterize foraging performance in heterogeneous landscapes. -Am. Nat. 151: 97-115.
14. Hairston, N. G., Jr. and Hairston, N. G., Sr. 1993. Cause-effect relationships in energy flow, trophic structure, and interspecific interactions. - Am. Nat. 142: 379-411.
15. Huang, C. and Sih, A. 1991. Experimental studies on direct and indirect interactions in a three trophic-level system. -Oecologia 85: 530-536.
16. Langton, C. G. 1988. Artificial life. - In: Langton, C. G. (ed.), Artificial life: SFI studies in the science of complexity. Addison-Wesley, pp. 1-47.
17. Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. - Ecology 73: 1943-1967.
18. Lomnicki, A. 1992. Population ecology from the individual perspective. - In: DeAngelis, D. L. and Gross, L. J. (eds), Individual-based models and approaches in ecology. Chapman and Hall, pp. 3-17.
19. McCauley, E., Murdoch, W. W., Nisbet, R. M. and Gurney, W. S. C. 1990. The physiological ecology of Daphnia: development of a model of growth and reproduction. - Ecology 71: 703-715.
20. McCauley, E., Wilson, W. G. and De Roos, A. M. 1993. Dynamics of age-structured and spatially structured predator-prey interactions: individual-based models and population-level formulations. - Am. Nat. 142: 412-442.
21. McIntosh, A. R. and Townsend, C. R. 1996. Interactions between fish, grazing invertebrates and algae in a New Zealand stream: trophic cascade mediated by fish-induced changes to grazer behavior? - Oecologia 108: 174-181.
22. McNamara, J. M. and Houston, A. I. 1987. Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size. Ecology 68: 1515-1519.
23. Peacor, S. and Werner, E. E. 1997. Trait mediated indirect interactions in a simple aquatic food web. - Ecology 78: 1146-1156.
24. Peckarsky, B. L. and McIntosh, A. R. 1998. Fitness and community consequences of predator-induced changes in mayfly behavior. - Oecologia 113: 565-576.
25. Peckarsky, B. L., Cooper, S. D. and McIntosh, A. R. 1997. Extrapolating from individual behavior to populations and communities in streams. - J. North Am. Benthol. Soc. 16: 375-390.
26. Peters, R. H. 1983. The ecological implication of body size. -Cambridge Univ. Press.
27. Ritchie, M. E. and Tilman, G. D. 1992. Interspecific competition among grasshoppers and their effect on plant abundance in experimental field environments. - Oecologia 89: 524-532.
28. Rosenzweig, M. L. 1991. Habitat selection and population interactions: the search for mechanism. - Am. Nat. 137: S5-S28.
29. Rothley, K. D., Schmitz, O. J. and Cohon, J. L. 1997. Foraging to balance conflicting demands: novel insights from grasshoppers under predation risk. - Behav. Ecol. 8: 551-559.
30. Schmitz, O. J. 1993. Trophic exploitation in grassland food webs: simple models and a field experiment. Oecologia 93: 327-335.
31. Schmitz, O. J. 1994. Resource edibility and trophic exploitation in an old-field food web. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 5364-5367.
32. Schmitz, O. J. 1997. Press perturbation experiments and the predictability of ecological interactions in a food web. -Ecology 78: 55-69.
33. Schmitz, O. J. 1998. Direct and indirect effects of predation and predation risk in old-field interaction webs. Am. Nat. 151: 327-342.
34. Schmitz, O. J. and Booth, G. 1997. Modeling food web complexity: the consequence of individual-based spatially explicit behavioral ecology on trophic interactions. - Evol. Ecol. 11: 379-398.
35. Schmitz, O. J., Beckerman, A. P. and O'Brien, K. M. 1997. Behaviorally-mediated trophic cascades: the effects of predation risk on food web interactions. Ecology 78: 1388-1399.
36. Turchin, P. 1990. Rarity of density-dependence or population regulation with lags? - Nature 344: 660-663.
37. Turchin, P. 1998. Quantitative analysis of movement: measuring and modelling population redistribution in animals and plants. - Sinauer.
38. Turner, A. M. and Mittelbach, G. G. 1990. Predator avoidance and community structure: interactions among piscivores, planktivores and plankton. - Ecology 71: 2241-2254.
39. Werner, E. E. 1992. Individual behavior and higher-order species interactions. - Am. Nat. 140: S5-S32.
40. Werner, E. E. and Anholt, B. R. 1996. Predator-induced behavioral indirect effects: consequences to competitive interactions in anuran larvae. - Ecology 77: 157-169.
41. Wilson, W. G. 1998. Resolving discrepancies between deterministic population models and individual-based simulations. -Am. Nat. 151: 116-134.
42. Wilson, W. G., De Roos, A. M. and McCauley, E. 1993. Spatial instabilities within the diffusive Lotka-Volterra system: individual-based simulation results. - Theor. Popul. Biol. 43: 91-127.