메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 87-95

Effects of menopause and estrogen replacement therapy or hormone replacement therapy in women with diabetes mellitus: Consensus opinion of The North American Menopause Society

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk factors; Estrogen replacement therapy; Hormone replacement therapy; Menopause; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; PROGESTERONE;

EID: 0034015166     PISSN: 10723714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00042192-200007020-00004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0031778850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North American Menopause Society develops consensus opinions
    • editorial
    • Boggs PP, Utian WH. The North American Menopause Society develops consensus opinions. Menopause 1998;5:67-8 (editorial).
    • (1998) Menopause , vol.5 , pp. 67-68
    • Boggs, P.P.1    Utian, W.H.2
  • 2
    • 0031778388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achieving long-term continuance of menopausal ERT/HRT: Consensus opinion of the North American Menopause Society
    • Achieving long-term continuance of menopausal ERT/HRT: consensus opinion of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 1998;5:69-76.
    • (1998) Menopause , vol.5 , pp. 69-76
  • 3
    • 0026458371 scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women
    • Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:1016-37.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 1016-1037
    • Grady, D.1    Rubin, S.M.2    Petitti, D.B.3
  • 4
    • 0025981467 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: A quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence
    • Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prev Med 1991;20:47-63.
    • (1991) Prev Med , vol.20 , pp. 47-63
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Colditz, G.A.2
  • 5
    • 0025969640 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of cardiovascular disease-related mortality among postmenopausal women who use hormones: Evidence from a national cohort
    • Wolf PH, Madans JH, Finucane FF, Higgins M, Kleinman JC. Reduction of cardiovascular disease-related mortality among postmenopausal women who use hormones: evidence from a national cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:489-94.
    • (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.164 , pp. 489-494
    • Wolf, P.H.1    Madans, J.H.2    Finucane, F.F.3    Higgins, M.4    Kleinman, J.C.5
  • 6
    • 0025940856 scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the nurses' health study
    • Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the nurses' health study. N Engl J Med 1991;325:756-62.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 756-762
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Willett, W.C.3
  • 7
    • 0032547326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women
    • Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1998;280:605-13.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 605-613
    • Hulley, S.1    Grady, D.2    Bush, T.3
  • 8
    • 0031897103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in US adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, et al. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in US adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Diabetes Care 1998;21:518-24.
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 518-524
    • Harris, M.I.1    Flegal, K.M.2    Cowie, C.C.3
  • 9
    • 0031849395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular disease
    • Sowers JR. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem 1998;44:1821-5.
    • (1998) Clin Chem , vol.44 , pp. 1821-1825
    • Sowers, J.R.1
  • 11
    • 0029823229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of the menopause and oestrogen replacement
    • Stevenson JC. Metabolic effects of the menopause and oestrogen replacement. Bailliere's Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1996;10:449-67.
    • (1996) Bailliere's Clin Obstet Gynaecol , vol.10 , pp. 449-467
    • Stevenson, J.C.1
  • 12
    • 0028899221 scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal changes of lipid and glucose metabolism: A review of their main aspects
    • Gaspar UJ, Gotta JM, van den Brule FA. Postmenopausal changes of lipid and glucose metabolism: a review of their main aspects. Maturitas 1995;21:171-8.
    • (1995) Maturitas , vol.21 , pp. 171-178
    • Gaspar, U.J.1    Gotta, J.M.2    Van Den Brule, F.A.3
  • 13
    • 0002862564 scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and diabetes
    • Harris MI, Courie CC, Beiber G, Boyko E, Stern M, Bennet P, eds. NIH Publication No. 95-1468. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office
    • Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Heart disease and diabetes. In: Harris MI, Courie CC, Beiber G, Boyko E, Stern M, Bennet P, eds. Diabetes in America, 2nd ed. (NIH Publication No. 95-1468). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1995.
    • (1995) Diabetes in America, 2nd Ed.
    • Wingard, D.L.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2
  • 14
    • 0029869881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with survival to 75 years of age in middle-aged men and women. The Framingham Study
    • Goldberg RJ, Larson M, Levy D. Factors associated with survival to 75 years of age in middle-aged men and women. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:505-9.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 505-509
    • Goldberg, R.J.1    Larson, M.2    Levy, D.3
  • 15
    • 0018764335 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study
    • Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1979;241:2035-8.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.241 , pp. 2035-2038
    • Kannel, W.B.1    McGee, D.L.2
  • 16
    • 0026061211 scopus 로고
    • In-hospital and 1-year mortality in 1,524 women after myocardial infarction: Comparison with 4,315 men
    • Greenland P, Reicher-Reiss H, Goldbourt U, Behar S. In-hospital and 1-year mortality in 1,524 women after myocardial infarction: comparison with 4,315 men. Circulation 1991;83:484-91.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 484-491
    • Greenland, P.1    Reicher-Reiss, H.2    Goldbourt, U.3    Behar, S.4
  • 17
    • 0025755590 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women
    • Barrett-Connor E, Bush TL. Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 1991;265:1861-7.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 1861-1867
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Bush, T.L.2
  • 18
    • 0025860342 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women
    • Manson JE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:1141-7.
    • (1991) Arch Intern Med , vol.151 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Manson, J.E.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 19
    • 0027449402 scopus 로고
    • Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Laakso M, Lehto S, Penttila I, Pyorala K. Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Circulation 1993;88:1421-30.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1421-1430
    • Laakso, M.1    Lehto, S.2    Penttila, I.3    Pyorala, K.4
  • 20
    • 0030044598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control and the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The Finnish studies
    • Laakso M. Glycemic control and the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The Finnish studies. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:127-30.
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.124 , pp. 127-130
    • Laakso, M.1
  • 21
    • 0027374777 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypertension in diabetes
    • Treatment of hypertension in diabetes. Diabetes Care 1993;16:1394-401.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 1394-1401
  • 22
    • 0028070634 scopus 로고
    • Serum lipoproteins in African Americans and whites with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the US population
    • Cowie CC, Howard BV, Harris MI. Serum lipoproteins in African Americans and whites with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the US population. Circulation 1994;90:1185-93.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1185-1193
    • Cowie, C.C.1    Howard, B.V.2    Harris, M.I.3
  • 23
    • 0027503266 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age, sex, and menopausal status on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels. The Framingham Offspring Study
    • Jenner JL, Ordovas JM, Lamon-Fava S, et al. Effects of age, sex, and menopausal status on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels. The Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation 1993;87:1135-44.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 1135-1144
    • Jenner, J.L.1    Ordovas, J.M.2    Lamon-Fava, S.3
  • 24
    • 0029844140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do gonadotropins influence serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations? Observations on children, adolescents and adults
    • Schumacher M, Weigert S, Wood WG. Do gonadotropins influence serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations? Observations on children, adolescents and adults. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1996;34:909-14.
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem , vol.34 , pp. 909-914
    • Schumacher, M.1    Weigert, S.2    Wood, W.G.3
  • 25
    • 0020533259 scopus 로고
    • Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26 year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study
    • Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26 year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1983;67:968-77.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67 , pp. 968-977
    • Hubert, H.B.1    Feinleib, M.2    McNamara, P.M.3    Castelli, W.P.4
  • 26
    • 0030754126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance implications for type II diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease
    • Haffner SM, Miettinen H. Insulin resistance implications for type II diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Am J Med 1997;103:152-62.
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.103 , pp. 152-162
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Miettinen, H.2
  • 27
    • 0022529136 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus, vascular disease and thrombosis
    • Banga JD, Sixma JJ. Diabetes mellitus, vascular disease and thrombosis. Clin Haematol 1986;15:465-92.
    • (1986) Clin Haematol , vol.15 , pp. 465-492
    • Banga, J.D.1    Sixma, J.J.2
  • 28
    • 0021012633 scopus 로고
    • Venous thrombosis in diabetes mellitus
    • Jones EW, Mitchell JR. Venous thrombosis in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1983;25:502-5.
    • (1983) Diabetologia , vol.25 , pp. 502-505
    • Jones, E.W.1    Mitchell, J.R.2
  • 29
    • 0031018269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women
    • Goldhaber SZ, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. JAMA 1997;277:642-5.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 642-645
    • Goldhaber, S.Z.1    Grodstein, F.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 31
    • 0031872742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular disease: Focus on the endothelium
    • Cannon RO III. Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular disease: focus on the endothelium. Clin Chem 1998;44(8 Pt 2):1809-19.
    • (1998) Clin Chem , vol.44 , Issue.8 PART 2 , pp. 1809-1819
    • Cannon III, R.O.1
  • 32
    • 0032485927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hyperglycemia attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans in vivo
    • Williams SB, Goldfine AB, Timimi FK, et al. Acute hyperglycemia attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans in vivo. Circulation 1998;97:1695-701.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1695-1701
    • Williams, S.B.1    Goldfine, A.B.2    Timimi, F.K.3
  • 33
    • 0029130441 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of D-glucose impairs coronary artery autoregulation after slight reduction of coronary flow
    • Wascher TC, Bachernegg M, Kickenweiz E, et al. Elevation of D-glucose impairs coronary artery autoregulation after slight reduction of coronary flow. Eur J Clin Invest 1995;25:590-4.
    • (1995) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.25 , pp. 590-594
    • Wascher, T.C.1    Bachernegg, M.2    Kickenweiz, E.3
  • 34
    • 0032559777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in women
    • Sowers JR. Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in women. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:617-21.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 617-621
    • Sowers, J.R.1
  • 35
    • 0027537768 scopus 로고
    • Glycation and oxidation: A role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
    • Lyons TJ. Glycation and oxidation: a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:26B-31B.
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.71
    • Lyons, T.J.1
  • 37
    • 0021816053 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk: A multisite case-control study
    • O'Mara BA, Byers T, Schoenfeld E. Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk: a multisite case-control study. J Chron Dis 1985;38:435-41.
    • (1985) J Chron Dis , vol.38 , pp. 435-441
    • O'Mara, B.A.1    Byers, T.2    Schoenfeld, E.3
  • 38
    • 0031009019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of endometrial and breast cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Weiderpass E, Gridley G, Persson I, et al. Risk of endometrial and breast cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Cancer 1997;71:360-3.
    • (1997) Int J Cancer , vol.71 , pp. 360-363
    • Weiderpass, E.1    Gridley, G.2    Persson, I.3
  • 39
    • 0025358974 scopus 로고
    • Increased prevalence of clinical gallbladder disease in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Haffner SM, Diehl AK, Mitchell DB, Stern MP, Hazuda HP. Increased prevalence of clinical gallbladder disease in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:327-35.
    • (1990) Am J Epidemiol , vol.132 , pp. 327-335
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Diehl, A.K.2    Mitchell, D.B.3    Stern, M.P.4    Hazuda, H.P.5
  • 40
    • 0025000028 scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer risk and history of selected medical conditions linked with female hormones
    • Franceschi S, la Vecchia C, Negri E, Parazzine F, Boyle P. Breast cancer risk and history of selected medical conditions linked with female hormones. Eur J Cancer 1990;26:781-5.
    • (1990) Eur J Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 781-785
    • Franceschi, S.1    La Vecchia, C.2    Negri, E.3    Parazzine, F.4    Boyle, P.5
  • 42
    • 0028931083 scopus 로고
    • Bone density in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Rotterdam study
    • van Daele PL, Stolk RP, Burger H, et al. Bone density in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Rotterdam study. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:409-14.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 409-414
    • Van Daele, P.L.1    Stolk, R.P.2    Burger, H.3
  • 43
    • 0027994195 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and determinants of screening for diabetes in the US
    • Cowie CC, Harris MI, Eberhardt MS. Frequency and determinants of screening for diabetes in the US. Diabetes Care 1994;17:1158-63.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 1158-1163
    • Cowie, C.C.1    Harris, M.I.2    Eberhardt, M.S.3
  • 45
    • 0033041216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at menopause in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Lopez-Lopez R, Huerta R, Malacara JM. Age at menopause in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Menopause 1999;6:174-8.
    • (1999) Menopause , vol.6 , pp. 174-178
    • Lopez-Lopez, R.1    Huerta, R.2    Malacara, J.M.3
  • 46
    • 0003175636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice recommendations 1999: Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association. Clinical practice recommendations 1999: management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22(Suppl. 1):S1-114.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
  • 47
    • 0030713021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-46.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 2413-2446
  • 48
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998;317:703-13.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 703-713
  • 49
    • 85069112693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining endometrial pathology in women on HRT
    • editorial
    • Utian WH. Determining endometrial pathology in women on HRT. Menopause Management 1998;7(3):7 (editorial).
    • (1998) Menopause Management , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 7
    • Utian, W.H.1
  • 50
    • 0032892463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22(Suppl. 1):S56-9.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
  • 51
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 52
    • 0032511566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998;352:854-65.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 854-865
  • 53
    • 0022616928 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of clinical diabetes and asymptomatic hyperglycemia to risk of coronary heart disease mortality in men and women
    • Pan WH, Cedres LB, Liu K, et al. Relationship of clinical diabetes and asymptomatic hyperglycemia to risk of coronary heart disease mortality in men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1986;123:504-16.
    • (1986) Am J Epidemiol , vol.123 , pp. 504-516
    • Pan, W.H.1    Cedres, L.B.2    Liu, K.3
  • 54
    • 1842301672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia predict coronary heart disease events in middle-aged patients with NIDDM
    • Lehto S, Ronneman T, Haffner SM, Pyorala K, Kallio V, Laakso M. Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia predict coronary heart disease events in middle-aged patients with NIDDM. Diabetes 1997;46:1354-9.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Lehto, S.1    Ronneman, T.2    Haffner, S.M.3    Pyorala, K.4    Kallio, V.5    Laakso, M.6
  • 55
    • 10544229794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diuretic-based anti-hypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group
    • Curb JD, Pressel SL, Cutler JA, et al. Effect of diuretic-based anti-hypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1996;276:1886-92.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1886-1892
    • Curb, J.D.1    Pressel, S.L.2    Cutler, J.A.3
  • 56
    • 0009484434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic requirements to maintain tight blood pressure
    • Hypertension in Diabetes Study IV. Therapeutic requirements to maintain tight blood pressure. Diabetologia 1996;39:1554-61.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1554-1561
  • 57
    • 0032511601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. BMJ 1998;317:713-20.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 713-720
  • 58
    • 0342981862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels
    • Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effects of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-9.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Sacks, F.M.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Moye, L.A.3
  • 59
    • 0032497945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular events and their reduction with pravastatin in diabetic and glucose-intolerant myocardial infarction survivors with average cholesterol levels: Subgroup analyses in the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial
    • Goldberg RB, Mellies MJ, Sacks FM, et al. Cardiovascular events and their reduction with pravastatin in diabetic and glucose-intolerant myocardial infarction survivors with average cholesterol levels: subgroup analyses in the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial. Circulation 1998;98:2513-9.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 2513-2519
    • Goldberg, R.B.1    Mellies, M.J.2    Sacks, F.M.3
  • 60
    • 1842326783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A sub-group analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Pyorala K, Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Faergeman O, Olsson AG, Thorgeirsson G. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: a sub-group analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Diabetes Care 1997;20:614-20.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 614-620
    • Pyorala, K.1    Pedersen, T.R.2    Kjekshus, J.3    Faergeman, O.4    Olsson, A.G.5    Thorgeirsson, G.6
  • 61
    • 14444271787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in older patients with myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels in the average range: Results of the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial
    • Lewis SZ, Moye LA, Sacks FM, et al. Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in older patients with myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels in the average range: results of the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:681-9.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.129 , pp. 681-689
    • Lewis, S.Z.1    Moye, L.A.2    Sacks, F.M.3
  • 63
    • 0024368505 scopus 로고
    • The association of lifetime weight and weight control patterns with diabetes among men and women in an adult community
    • Holbrook TL, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. The association of lifetime weight and weight control patterns with diabetes among men and women in an adult community. Int J Obesity 1989;13:723-9.
    • (1989) Int J Obesity , vol.13 , pp. 723-729
    • Holbrook, T.L.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2    Wingard, D.L.3
  • 65
    • 0023785802 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women
    • Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. N Engl J Med 1988;319:267-73.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 267-273
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Willett, W.C.3    Speizer, F.E.4    Hennekens, C.H.5
  • 66
    • 0018146168 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and significance of carbohydrate intolerance in chronic alcoholism
    • Sereny G, Endrenyi L. Mechanisms and significance of carbohydrate intolerance in chronic alcoholism. Metabolism 1978;27:1041-6.
    • (1978) Metabolism , vol.27 , pp. 1041-1046
    • Sereny, G.1    Endrenyi, L.2
  • 67
    • 0030934629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effects of modest weight loss on cardiovascular risk factors
    • Van Gaal LF, Wauters MA, De Leeuw IH. The beneficial effects of modest weight loss on cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997;21(Suppl. 1):S5-9.
    • (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.21 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Van Gaal, L.F.1    Wauters, M.A.2    De Leeuw, I.H.3
  • 68
    • 0028135546 scopus 로고
    • Diet and exercise in the treatment of NIDDM: The need for early emphasis
    • Barnard RJ, Jung T, Inkeles SB. Diet and exercise in the treatment of NIDDM: the need for early emphasis. Diabetes Care 1994;17:1469-72.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 1469-1472
    • Barnard, R.J.1    Jung, T.2    Inkeles, S.B.3
  • 69
    • 0021127441 scopus 로고
    • Influence of physical training on blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients
    • Trovati M, Carta Q, Cavalot F, et al. Influence of physical training on blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1984;7:416-20.
    • (1984) Diabetes Care , vol.7 , pp. 416-420
    • Trovati, M.1    Carta, Q.2    Cavalot, F.3
  • 70
    • 0033606924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of walking as compared with vigorous exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women
    • Manson JE, Hu FB, Rich-Edwards JW, et al. A prospective study of walking as compared with vigorous exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1999;341:650-8.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 650-658
    • Manson, J.E.1    Hu, F.B.2    Rich-Edwards, J.W.3
  • 71
    • 84971579967 scopus 로고
    • Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients
    • Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994;308:81-106.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 81-106
  • 72
    • 0023818818 scopus 로고
    • An overview of the British and American aspirin studies
    • letter
    • Hennekens CH, Peto R, Hutchinson GB, Doll R. An overview of the British and American aspirin studies. N Engl J Med 1988;318:923-4 (letter).
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 923-924
    • Hennekens, C.H.1    Peto, R.2    Hutchinson, G.B.3    Doll, R.4
  • 73
    • 0026775578 scopus 로고
    • Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study report 14
    • ETDRS Investigators. Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study report 14. JAMA 1992;268:1292-300.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.268 , pp. 1292-1300
  • 74
    • 0032558465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol therapy combined with progesterone and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women
    • Gerhard M, Walsh BW, Tawakol A, et al. Estradiol therapy combined with progesterone and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1998;98:1158-63.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1158-1163
    • Gerhard, M.1    Walsh, B.W.2    Tawakol, A.3
  • 75
    • 0028076232 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation in postmenopausal women
    • Lieberman EH, Gerhard MD, Uehata A, et al. Estrogen improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:936-41.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.121 , pp. 936-941
    • Lieberman, E.H.1    Gerhard, M.D.2    Uehata, A.3
  • 76
    • 0028154102 scopus 로고
    • Ethinyl estradiol acutely attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women
    • Reis SE, Gloth ST, Blumenthal RS, et al. Ethinyl estradiol acutely attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994;89:52-60.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 52-60
    • Reis, S.E.1    Gloth, S.T.2    Blumenthal, R.S.3
  • 78
    • 0026759777 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and subsequent incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Manson JE, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and subsequent incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:665-73.
    • (1992) Ann Epidemiol , vol.2 , pp. 665-673
    • Manson, J.E.1    Rimm, E.B.2    Colditz, G.A.3
  • 79
    • 0030898016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of HDL sub-classes, Lp (A-I) and Lp (A-I:A-II) levels and lipolytic enzyme activities to continuous oral estrogen-progestin and transdermal estrogen with cyclic progestin regimens in postmenopausal women
    • Tilly-Kiesi M, Kahri J, Pyorala T, et al. Responses of HDL sub-classes, Lp (A-I) and Lp (A-I:A-II) levels and lipolytic enzyme activities to continuous oral estrogen-progestin and transdermal estrogen with cyclic progestin regimens in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis 1997;129:249-59.
    • (1997) Atherosclerosis , vol.129 , pp. 249-259
    • Tilly-Kiesi, M.1    Kahri, J.2    Pyorala, T.3
  • 80
    • 0027364409 scopus 로고
    • A possible bimodal effect of estrogen on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women and the attenuating effect of added progestin
    • Lindheim SR, Presser SC, Ditkoff EC, Vijod MA, Stanczyk FZ, Lobo RA. A possible bimodal effect of estrogen on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women and the attenuating effect of added progestin. Fertil Steril 1993;60:664-7.
    • (1993) Fertil Steril , vol.60 , pp. 664-667
    • Lindheim, S.R.1    Presser, S.C.2    Ditkoff, E.C.3    Vijod, M.A.4    Stanczyk, F.Z.5    Lobo, R.A.6
  • 81
    • 0027953129 scopus 로고
    • Severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis when estrogen replacement therapy is given to hypertriglyceridemic women
    • Gluek CJ, Lang J, Hamer T, Tracy T. Severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis when estrogen replacement therapy is given to hypertriglyceridemic women. J Lab Clin Med 1994;123:59-64.
    • (1994) J Lab Clin Med , vol.123 , pp. 59-64
    • Gluek, C.J.1    Lang, J.2    Hamer, T.3    Tracy, T.4
  • 82
    • 77957126077 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial
    • The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA 1995;273:199-208.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 199-208
  • 83
    • 0031307588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 91: Female sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in women
    • Skafar DF, Xu R, Morales J, Ram J, Sowers JR. Clinical review 91: female sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3913-8.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 3913-3918
    • Skafar, D.F.1    Xu, R.2    Morales, J.3    Ram, J.4    Sowers, J.R.5
  • 84
    • 0025944598 scopus 로고
    • Progesterone and modulation of endothelium-dependent responses in canine coronary arteries
    • Miller VM, Vanhoutte PM. Progesterone and modulation of endothelium-dependent responses in canine coronary arteries. Am J Physiol 1991;261(Pt 2):R1022-7.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.261 , Issue.2 PART
    • Miller, V.M.1    Vanhoutte, P.M.2
  • 85
    • 0029914980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the protective effect of estrogen by progesterone in experimental atherosclerosis
    • Hanke H, Hanke S, Bruck B, et al. Inhibition of the protective effect of estrogen by progesterone in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1996;121:129-38.
    • (1996) Atherosclerosis , vol.121 , pp. 129-138
    • Hanke, H.1    Hanke, S.2    Bruck, B.3
  • 86
    • 0027441814 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of esterified estrogens with and without methyltestosterone: Effects on endometrial histology and serum lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women
    • Hickok LR, Toomey C, Speroff L. A comparison of esterified estrogens with and without methyltestosterone: effects on endometrial histology and serum lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:919-24.
    • (1993) Obstet Gynecol , vol.82 , pp. 919-924
    • Hickok, L.R.1    Toomey, C.2    Speroff, L.3
  • 87
    • 0029918290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women
    • Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Mink PJ, Wu Y, Bostick RM. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1156-62.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1156-1162
    • Kushi, L.H.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Prineas, R.J.3    Mink, P.J.4    Wu, Y.5    Bostick, R.M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.