Drought and dust deposition in the West African Sahel: A 5500-year record from Kajemarum Oasis, northeastern Nigeria

Holocene

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 293-302

  Street Perrott, F A ^a   Holmes, J A ^b   Waller, M P ^b   Allen, M J ^b   Barber, N G H ^c   Fothergill, P A ^d   Harkness, D D ^e   Ivanovich, M ^f   Kroon, D ^g   Perrott, R A ^a  

^a SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b KINGSTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^g UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Aeolian dust; Holocene; Lake sediments; Ostracods; Palaeolimnology; Sahel; West Africa

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CLIMATE CHANGE; DROUGHT; DUST; HOLOCENE;

AFRICA; NIGERIA; SAHEL;

OSTRACODA;

EID: 0034010965     PISSN: 09596836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/095968300678141274     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Abell, P., Hoelzmann, P. and Pachur, H.-K. 1996: Stable isotope ratios of gastropod shells and carbonate sediments of NW Sudan as palaeoclimatic indicators. Palaeoecology of Africa 24, 33-52.
2. Adetunji, J., McGregor, J. and Ong, C.K. 1979: Harmattan haze. Weather 43, 430-36.
3. Adeyoyin, J.A. 1989: Global-scale sea-surface temperature anomalies and rainfall characteristics in northern Nigeria. International Journal of Climatology 9, 133-44.
4. Andrews, J.N. 1993: Isotopic composition of groundwaters and palaeoclimate at aquifer recharge. Proceedings, International Symposium on Applications of Isotopic Techniques in Studying Past and Current Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere, IAEA-SM-329/69, 271-92.
5. Ballouche A. and Neumann, K. 1995: A new contribution to the Holocene vegetation history of the West African Sahel: pollen from Oursi, Burkina Faso and charcoal from three sites in northeast Nigeria. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 4, 31-39.
6. Beavington, F. and Cawse, P.A. 1978: Comparative studies of trace elements in air particulate in northern Nigeria. The Science of the Total Environment 10, 239-44.
7. Bond, G., Showers, W., Cheseby, M., Lotti, R., Almasi, P., deMenocal, P., Priore, P., Cullen, H., Hajdas, I. and Bonani, G. 1997: A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and glacial climates. Science 278, 1257-66.
8. Bonnefille, R. and Mohammed, U. 1994: Pollen-inferred climatic fluctuations in Ethiopia during the last 3000 years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109, 331-43.
9. Bradley, R.S., Diaz, H.F., Eischeid, J.K., Jones, P.D., Kelly, P.M. and Goodess, C.M. 1987: Precipitation fluctuations over Northern Hemisphere land areas since the mid-19th century. Science 237, 171-75.
10. Carter, R.C. 1994: The groundwater hydrology of the Manga Grasslands, northeast Nigeria: importance to agricultural development strategy for the area. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 27, S73-S83.
11. _ 1995: Groundwater recharge and outflow patterns in a dunefield of North East Nigeria. In Brown, A.G., editor, Geomorphology and groundwater. Chichester: John Wiley, 157-76.
12. Carter, R.C., Morgulis, E.D., Dottridge, J. and Agbo, J.U. 1994: Groundwater modelling with limited data: a case study in a semi-arid dunefield of northeast Nigeria. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 27, S85-S94.
13. Charney, J.G. 1975: Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 101, 193-202.
14. Charney, J.G., Stone, P.H. and Quirk, W.J. 1975: Drought in the Sahara: a biogeophysical feedback mechanism. Science 187, 434-35.
15. Chivas, A.R., De Deckker, P. and Shelley, J.M.G. 1986: Magnesium content of non-marine ostracod shells: a new palaeosalinometer and palaeothermometer. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 54, 43-61.
16. Claussen, M. and Gayler, V. 1997: The greening of the Sahara during the mid-Holocene: results of an interactive atmosphere-biome model. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 6, 369-77.
17. Claussen, M., Brovkin, V., Ganopolski, A., Kubatski, C. and Petoukhov, V. 1998: Modelling global terrestrial vegetation-climate interaction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B353, 53-63.
18. Curtis, J.H., Hodell, D.A. and Brenner, M. 1996: Climate variability on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) during the past 3500 years, and implications for Maya cultural evolution. Quaternary Research 46, 37-47.
19. Edmunds, W.M., Fellman, E. and Goni, I.B. 1999: Lakes, groundwater and palaeohydrology in the Sahel of NE Nigeria: evidence from hydrogeochemistry. Journal of the Geological Society 156, 345-55.
20. Ely, L.L., Enzel, Y., Baker, V.R. and Cayan, D.R. 1993: A 5000-year record of extreme floods and climate change in the southwestern United States. Science 262, 410-12.
21. Engstrom, D.R. and Nelson, S.R. 1991: Paleosalinity from trace metals in fossil ostracodes compared with observational records at Devils Lake, North Dakota, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 83, 295-312.
22. Folland C.K., Palmer, T.N. and Parker, D.E. 1986: Sahel rainfall and world-wide sea temperatures. Nature 320, 602-607.
23. Fontes, J.C., Gasse, F. and Andrews, J.N. 1993: Climatic conditions of Holocene groundwater recharge in the Sahel zone of Africa. In Proceedings, International Symposium on Applications of Isotopic Techniques in Studying Past and Current Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere. IAEA-SM-329, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 231-48.
24. Gasse, F. 1987: Diatoms for reconstructing palaeoenvironments and palaeohydrology in tropical semi-arid zones. Examples from Niger since 12 000 BP. Hydrobiologia 154, 127-63.
25. _ 1994: Lacustrine diatoms for reconstructing past hydrology and climate. In J.-C. Duplessy and M.-T. Spyridakis, editors, Long-term climatic variations, data and modelling, NATO ASI Series 122, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 335-69.
26. Gasse, F. and Van Campo, E. 1994: Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains. Earth and Planetary-Science Letters 126, 435-56.
27. Gasse, F., Fontes, J.C., Plaziat, J.C., Carbonel, P., Maczmarska, I., De Deckker, P., Soulié-Marsche, I., Callot, Y. and Dupeuple, P.A. 1987: Biological remains, geochemistry and stable isotopes for the reconstruction of environmental and hydrological changes in the Holocene lakes from North Sahara. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 60, 1-46.
28. Goudie A.S. and Middleton, N.J. 1992: The changing frequency of dust storms through lime. Climatic Change 20, 197-225.
29. Hastenrath, S. 1991: Climate dynamics of the tropics. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 488 pp.
30. Hillaire-Marcel, C., Riser, J., Rognon, P., Petit-Maire, N., Rosso, J.C. and Soulié-Marsche, I. 1983: Radiocarbon chronology of Holocene changes in northeastern Mali. Quaternary Research 20, 145-64.
31. Hodell, D.A., Curtis, J.H. and Brenner, M. 1995: Possible role of climate in the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. Nature 375, 391-94.
32. Hoelzmann, P., Jolly, D., Harrison, S.P., Laarif, F., Bonnefille, R. and Pachur, H.J. 1998: Mid-Holocene land-surface conditions in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula: A data set for the analysis of biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12, 35-51.
33. Holmes, J.A. 1996: Trace-element and stable-isotope geochemistry of non-marine ostracod shells in Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Journal of Paleolimnology 15, 223-35.
34. _ 1997: Recent non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Yobe State, Northern Nigeria. Journal of African Zoology 111, 137-46.
35. Holmes, J.A., Allen, M., Street-Perrott, F.A. and Perrott, R.A. 1999a: Palaeolimnology of Bal Lake, Northern Nigeria, over the last millennium based on the faunal ecology and trace-element chemistry of ostracod shells. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 148, 169-85.
36. Holmes, J.A., Fothergill, P.A., Street-Perrott, F.A. and Perrott, R.A. 1998: A high-resolution Holocene ostracod record from the Sahel Zone of Northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Paleolimnology 20, 369-80.
37. Holmes, J.A., Street-Perrott, F.A., Allen, M., Fothergill, P., Harkness, D., Kroon, D. and Perrott, R.A. 1997: Holocene palaeolimnology of Kajemarum Oasis, northern Nigeria: an isotopic study of ostracodes. authigenic carbonate and organic carbon. Journal of the Geological Society 154, 311-19.
38. Holmes, J., Street-Perrott, F.A., Perrott, R.A., Stokes, S., Waller, M.P., Huang, Y., Eglinton, G. and Ivanovich, M. 1999b: Environmental change, lakes and groundwater in the Sahel of northern Nigeria. Part 2. Holocene landscape evolution of the Manga grasslands. Evidence from palaeolimnology and dune chronology. Journal of the Geological Society 156, 357-68.
39. 18O records: aeolian flux to the north Pacific, Nature 340, 296-98.
40. Jauregui, E. 1995: Rainfall fluctuations and tropical storm activity in Mexico, Erdkunde 45, 39-48.
41. Jolly, D., Harrison, S.P., Damnati, B. and Bonnefille, R. 1998: Simulated climate and biomes of Africa during the late Quaternary: comparison with pollen and lake status data. Quaternary Science Reviews 17, 629-57.
42. Joseph, A., Frangi, J.P. and Aranyossy, J.F. 1992: Isotope characteristics of meteoric water and groundwater in the Sahelo-Sudanian zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 7543-51.
43. Joussaume, S., Taylor, K.E., Braconnot, P., Mitchell, J.F.B., Kutzbach, J.E., Harrison, S.P., Prentice, I.C., Broccoli, A.J., AbeOuchi, A., Bartlein, P.J., Bonfils, C., Dong, B., Guiot, J., Herterich, K., Hewitt, C.D., Jolly, D., Kim, J.W., Kislov, A., Kitoh, A., Loutre, M.F., Masson, V., McAvaney, B., McFarlane, N., deNoblet, N., Peltier, W.R., Peterschmitt, J.Y., Pollard, O., Rind, D., Royer, J.F., Schlesinger, M.E., Syktus, J., Thompson, S., Valdes, P., Vettoretti, G., Webb, R.S. and Wyputta, U. 1999: Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Geophysical Research Letters 26, 859-62.
44. Kalo, A.E. 1979: The West African dust plume: its characteristics and propagation across West Africa during winter. In Morales, C., editor, Saharan dust: mobilization, transport, deposition. SCOPE Rep. 14, New York: Wiley, 197-210.
45. Kraus, E.B. 1977: Subtropical droughts and cross-equatorial energy transports. Monthly Weather Review 105, 1009-18.
46. Kutzbach, J.E. and Street-Perrott, F.A. 1985: Milankovitch forcing of fluctuations in the level of tropical lakes from 18 to 0 kyr BP. Nature 317, 130-34.
47. Lamb, P.J. and Peppler, R.A. 1991: West Africa. In Giantz, M.H., Katz R.W. and Nicholls, N., editors, Teleconnections linking worldwide climate anomalies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 121-89.
48. Lézine, A.-M. 1989: Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Sahel. Quaternary Research 32, 317-34.
49. Lézine, A.-M. and Casanova, J. 1989: Pollen and hydrological evidence for the interpretation of past climates in tropical West Africa during the Holocene. Quarternary Science Reviews 8, 45-55.
50. Li, X., Maring, H., Savoie, D., Voss, K. and Prospero, J.M. 1996: Dominance of mineral dust in aerosol light-scattering in the North Atlantic Trade Winds. Nature 380, 416-19.
51. Maley, J. 1981: Études Palynologiques dans le Bassin du Tchad et Paléoclimatologie de l'Afrique Nord-Tropicale de 30 000 Ans à l'Époque Actuell. Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM 129, 586 pp.
52. _ 1982: Dust, clouds, rain types and climatic variations in tropical North Africa, Quarternary Reseach 18, 1-16.
53. McKenzie, J.A. 1993: Pluvial conditions in the eastern Sahara following the penultimate glaciation: implications for changes in atmospheric circulation patterns with global warming. Palaeogoegraphy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 103, 95-105.
54. McTainsh, G. 1980: Harmattan dust deposition in northern Nigeria. Nature 286, 587-88.
55. McTainsh G.H. and Walker, P.H. 1982. Nature and distribution of Harmattan dust. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 26, 417-35.
56. Metcalfe, S.E., Street-Perrott, F.A., O'Hara, S.L., Perrott, R.A. and Hales, P.E. 1994: The palaeolimnological record of environmental change: examples from the arid frontier of Mesoamerica. In Millington A.C. and Pye, K., editors, Effects of environmental change in drylands, Chichester: John Wiley, 131-44.
57. Mohammed, M.U. and Bonnefille, R. 1991: The recent history of vegetation and climate around Lake Langeno (Ethiopia). Palaeoecology of Africa 22, 275-86.
58. Mortimore, M. 1989: Adapting to drought: farmers, famines and desertification in West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 299 pp.
59. Moulin, C., Lambert, C.E., Dulac, F. and Dayan, U. 1997: Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Nature 387, 691-94.
60. Nicholson, S.E. 1980: Saharan climates in historic times. In Williams, M.A.J. and Faure, H., editors, The Sahara and the Nile. Rotterdam: Balkema, 173-200.
61. _ 1985: Sub-Saharan rainfall 1981-1984. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 24, 1388-91.
62. _ 1988: Land surface-atmosphere interaction: physical processes and surface characteristics and their impact. Progress in Physical Geography 12, 36-65.
63. _ 1989: African drought: characteristics, causal theories and global teleconnections. In Berger, A., Dickinson, R.E. and Kidson, J.W., editors, Understanding climate change. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 52, 79-100.
64. _ 1994: Recent rainfall fluctuations in Africa and their relationship to past conditions over the continent. The Holocene 4, 121-31.
65. Nicholson, S.E. and Kim, J. 1997: The relationship of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation to African rainfall. International Journal of Climatology 17, 117-35.
66. Olivry, J.C. 1983: Le point en 1982 sur l'évolution de la sécheresse en Sénégambie et aux Îles du Cap-Vert. Examen de quelques séries de longue durée (débits et précipitations) Cohiers ORSTOM, série Hydrologie, 20, 47-69.
67. Pachur, H.-J. and Kröpelin, S. 1989: L'aridification du Sahara oriental à l'Holocëne moyen et supérieur. Bullletin de la Société géologique de France 8, 99-107.
68. Palmer, T.N. 1986: Influence of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans on Sahel rainfall. Nature 322, 251-53.
69. Perrott, R.A. 1982: A high attitude pollen diagram from Mount Kenya: its implications for the history of glaciation. Palaoecology of Africa 14, 77-83.
70. Prospero, J.M. and Carlson, T.N. 1972: Vertical and areal distribution of Saharan dust over the western equatorial North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 77, 5255-65.
71. Prospero, J.M. and Nees, R.T. 1986: Impact of the North African drought and El Niño on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds. Nature 320, 735-38.
72. Quinn, W.H. 1992: A study of Southern Oscillation-related climatic activity for AD 622-1900 incorporating Nile River flood data. In Diaz, H.F. and Markgraf V., editors, El Niño. Historical and paloclimatic aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 119-49.
73. Rea, D.K. and Janecek, T.R. 1981: Mass accumulation rates of the nonauthigenic inorganic crystalline (eolian) component of deep-sea sediments from the western mid-Pacific Mountains, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 463. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 62, 653-59.
74. Rea, D.K. and Leinen, M. 1988: Asian aridity and the zonal westerlies: Late Pleistocene and Holocene record of eolian deposition in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66, 1-8.
75. Riser J. and Petit-Maire, N. 1986: Paléohydrographie du bassin d'Araouane à l'Holocène. Revue de Géologie dynamique et de Géographie physique 27, 205-12.
76. Rozanski, K., Araguás-Araguás, L. and Gonfiantini, R. 1992: Isotopic patterns in modern precipitation. In Swart, P.K., Lohmann, K.C., McKenzie. J. and Savin, S., editors, Climate change in continental isotopic records. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 78, 1-36.
77. Salzmann, U. 1996: Holocene vegetation history of the Sahelian zone of NE-Nigeria: preliminary results. Palaeoecology of Africa 24, 103-14.
78. Salzmann, U. and Waller, M.P. 1998: The Holocene vegetational history of the Nigerian Sahel, based on multiple pollen profiles. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 100, 39-72.
79. Servant, M. 1973: Séquences Continentales et Variations Climatiques: Evolution du Bassin du Tchad au Cénozoïque Supérieur. Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM 159, 573 pp.
80. Sirocko, F., Garbe-Schönberg, D., McIntyre, A. and Molfino, B. 1996: Teleconnections between the subtropical monsoons and high-latitude climates during the last deglaciation. Science 272, 526-29.
81. Sokolik, I.N. and Toon, O.B. 1996: Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols. Nature 381, 681-83.
82. Street, F.A. and Grove, A.T. 1979: Global maps of lake-level fluctuations since 30 000 BP. Quaternary Research 12, 83-118.
83. Street-Perrott, F.A. and Perrott, R.A. 1990: Abrupt climatic changes in the tropics - influence of Atlantic Ocean circulation. Nature 343, 607-12.
84. Street-Perrott, F.A., Hales, P.E., Perrott, R.A., Fontes, J. Ch., Switsur, V.R. and Pearson, A. 1993: Limnology and palaeolimnology of a tropical marl lake: Wally wash Great Pond, Jamaica. Journal of Paleolimnology 9, 3-22.
85. Street-Perrott, F.A., Mitchell, J.F.B., Marchand, D.S. and Brunner, J.S. 1990: Milankovitch forcing of the tropical monsoons: a comparison of geological evidence and numerical simulations for 9,000 yr BP. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 81, 407-27.
86. 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35, 215-30.
87. Swap, R., Ulanski, S., Cobbett, M. and Garstang, M. 1996: Temporal and spatial characteristics of Saharan dust outbreaks. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 4205-20.
88. Talbot, M.R., Livingstone, D.A., Palmer, P.G., Maley, J., Melack, J.M., Delibrias, G. and Gulliksen, S. 1984: Preliminary results from sediment cores from Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana. Palaeoecology of Africa 16, 173-92.
89. Tarhule, A. and Woo, M.-K. 1997: Towards an interpretation of historical droughts in northern Nigeria. Climatic Change 37, 601-16.
90. Tegen, I., Lacis, A.A. and Fung, I. 1996: The influence of climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils. Nature 380, 419-22.
91. Téhet, R., Gasse, F., Durand, A., Schroeter, P. and Fontes, J.C. 1990: Fluctuations climatiques du Tardiglaciaire à l'Actuel au Sahel (Bougdouma, Niger méridional). C.R. Académie des Sciences de Paris 311, 253-58.
92. Tyson, R.V. 1995: Sedimentary organic matter. London: Chapman and Hall, 640 pp.
93. Whalley, W.B. and Smith, B.J. 1981: Mineral content of Harmattan dust from Northern Nigeria examined by SEM. Journal of Arid Environments 4, 21-29.
94. Xiao, J., Inouchi, Y., Kumai, H., Yoshikawa, S., Kondo, Y. and Liu, T. 1997: Eolian quartz flux to Lake Biwa, Central Japan, over the past 145,000 years. Quaternary Research 48, 48-57.
95. Zhao, M., Beveridge, N.A.S., Shackleton, N.J., Sarnthein, M. and Eglinton, G. 1995: Molecular stratigraphy of cores off Northwest Africa - sea-surface temperature history over the last 80 ka. Paleoceanography 10, 661-75.