Glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: The impact of body weight, β-cell function and patient education

QJM: An International Journal of Medicine

Volumn 93, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 183-190

  Chan, W B ^a,b   Chan, J C N ^a   Chow, C C ^a   Yeung, V T F ^a   So, W Y ^a   Li, J K Y ^a   Ko, G T C ^a   Ma, R C W ^a   Cockram, C S ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

C PEPTIDE; GLUCOSE; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BIOCHEMISTRY; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY WEIGHT; CHINESE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES CONTROL; DIET; DIETITIAN; DISEASE DURATION; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HIP; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; INSULIN DEFICIENCY; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLISM; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NURSE; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PATIENT EDUCATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0034010240     PISSN: 14602725     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:977-86.
2. UK Prospective Diabetes (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylurea or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352:837-53.
3. World Health Organisation. Diabetes mellitus. Report of a WHO Study group. Technical reports series 727. Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1985:11.
4. Piwernetz K, Home PD, Snorgaard O, Antsiferov M, Staehr-Johansen K, Krans M. For the DiabCare Monitoring Group of the St. Vincent Declaration Steering Committee. Monitoring the targets of the St. Vincent Declaration and the implementation of quality management in diabetes care: the DiabCare initiative. Diabetic Med 1993; 10:371-7.
5. Chan JCN, Lau MSW, Wong YM, Chow CC, Yeung VTF, Loo KM, Mong M, Yeung T, Ko GTC, Li KY, So WY, Chan WB, Yu K, Cockram CS. Delivery of diabetes care - the experience at the Prince of Wales Hospital. Hosp Auth Qual Bull 1997; 2:3-21.
6. Matthews RD, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28:412-19.
7. Madsbad S, Krarup T, McNair P, Christiansen C, Faber OK, Transbol I, Binder C. Practical clinical value to the C-peptide response to glucagon stimulation in the choice of treatment in diabetes mellitus. Acta Medica Scand 1981; 210:153-6.
8. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry 1972; 18:499-502.
9. Chan JCN, Cheung CK, Cheung MYF, Swaminathan R, Critchley JAJH, Cockram CS. Abnormal albuminuria as a predictor of mortality and renal impairment in Chinese patients with NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1995; 18:1013-14.
10. Rossetti L, Giaccari A, DeFronzo RA. Glucose toxicity. Diabetes Care 1990; 13:610-30.
11. Koya D, King GL. Protein kinase C activation and the development of diabetic complications. Diabetes 1998; 47:859-66.
12. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:1183-97.
13. Chan JCN, Cockam CS. Diabetes mellitus in Chinese and its implications on health care. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:1785-90.
14. Simmons D, Powell MJ. Metabolic and clinical characteristics of south Asians and Europeans in Coventry. Diabetic Med 1993; 10:751-8.
15. Erasmus RT, Sinha AK. Assessment of long-term glycaemic control in diabetic patients attending Port Moresby General Hospital. Papua New Guinea Med J 1995; 38:16-19.
16. Chan JCN, Cheung CK, Swaminathan R, Nicholls MG, Cockram CS. Obesity, albuminuria and hypertension among Hong Kong Chinese with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Postgrad Med J 1993; 69:204-10.
17. Fischer U, Salzsieder E, Menzel R, Vogt L, Ropke H, Schmit R, Heinke P. Primary health care of diabetic patients in a specialized outpatient setting: a DIABCARE-based analysis. Diabete et Metabolisme. 1993; 19:188-94.
18. Miller LV, Goldstein BA. More efficient care of diabetic patients in a country hospital setting. N Engl J Med 1972; 286:1388-91.
19. Assal J-P. Educating the diabetic patient: difficulties encountered by patients and health care providers who have to teach NIDDM and IDDM patients. In: de Gryter W, ed. Concepts for the ideal diabetes clinic. New York, 1992:78-87.
20. Butler C, Peters J, Stott N. Glycated haemoglobin and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus: external versus locally established clinical targets for primary care. Br Med J 1995; 310:784-8.
21. Rimm EB, Chan J, Stampfer MJ, et al. Prospective study of cigarette smoking, alcohol use and the risk of diabetes in man. Br Med J 1995; 310:55-9.
22. Buysschaert M, Lepair-Gadisseux N, Weil R, Vandeleene B, Leonet J, Lambert AE. Effect of an in-patient education programme upon the knowledge, behaviour and glycaemic control of insulin dependent diabetic patients. Diabete et Metabolisme 1987; 13:31-6.
23. de Sonnaville JJ, Bouma M, Colly LP, Deville W, Wijkel D, Heine RJ. Sustained good glycaemic control in NIDDM patients by implementation of structured care in general practice: 2-year follow up study. Diabetologia 1997; 40:1334-40.
24. Perry TL, Mann JI, Lewis-Barned NJ, Duncan AW, Waldron MA, Thompson C. Lifestyle intervention in people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eur J Clin Nutr 1997; 51:757-63.
25. Day JL, Metcalfe J, Johnson P. Benefits provided by an integrated education and clinical diabetes centre: a follow-up study. Diabetic Med 1992; 9:855-9.
26. Hawthorne K, Tomlinson S. One-to-one teaching with picture-flashcard health education for British Asians with diabetes. Br J Gen Pract 1997; 47:301-4.
27. Straub RH, Lamparter-Lang R, Palitzsch KD, Schlmerich J. Association between eating behaviour and current glycaemic control, body mass or autonomic nervous function in long-term type I and II diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1996; 26:564-8.
28. Korhonen T, Uusitupa M, Ari A, Kumpulainen T, Siitonen O, Voutilainen E, Pyorala K. Efficacy of dietary instruction in newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Comparison of two different patient education regimens. Acta Medica Scand 1987; 222:313-31.
29. Blaum CS, Velez L, Hiss RG, Halter JB. Characteristics related to poor glycaemic control in NIDDM patients in community practice. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:7-11.
30. Sonsken PH, Judd SL, Lowy C. Home monitoring of blood glucose. Method for improving diabetic control. Lancet 1978; 1:729-32.
31. Walford S, Gale EAM, Allison SP, Tattersall RB. Self monitoring of blood glucose. Improvement of diabetic control. Lancet 1978; 1:732-5.
32. Leese GP, Jung RT, Newton RW. Home glucose monitoring in patients aged over 40 years with diabetes mellitus. Practical Diabetes 1994; 11:32-4.
33. Willey KA, Twigg SM, Constantino MI, Yue DK, Turtle JR. Home glucose monitoring: how often? Practical Diabetes 1993; 10:22-5.
34. Newmann WP, Lacqua D, Engelbrecht D. Impact of glucose self-monitoring on glycohemoglobin values in a veteran population. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150:107-10.
35. Fontbonne A, Billault M, Acosta M, Percheron C, Varenne P, Besse A, et al. Is glucose self-monitoring beneficial in non-insulin treated patients? Result of a randomized comparative trial. Diabete et Metabolisme 1989; 15:255-60.
36. Gallichan, Marilyn. Self monitoring of glucose by people with diabetes: evidence based practice. Br Med J 1997; 314:964-7.
37. Relimpio F, Losada F, Pumar A, Garcia de Pesquera F, Morales F, Acosta D, Astorga R. Relationships of C-peptide levels and the C-peptide/blood sugar ratio with clinical/ biochemical variables associated with insulin resistance in orally-treated, well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1997; 36:173-8.
38. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991; 14:173-94.
39. Nielsen NV, Tronier B. C-peptide and insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents or diet alone. A 3 years epidemiological cohort study on the Island of Falster, Denmark. Diabetes Res 1987; 4:135-9.
40. Taylor SI, Accili D, Imai Y. Insulin resistance or insulin deficiency. Which is the primary cause of NIDDM. Diabetes 1994; 43:736-40.
41. Ko GTC, Chan JCN, Yeung VTF, Chow CC, Li JKY, Lau MSW, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Zimmet P, Cockram CS. Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Young Chinese Diabetic Patients. Ann Clin Biochem 1998; 35:761-7.
42. Ng MCY, Cockburn BN, Yeung YTF, Chow CC, Cockram CS, Critchley JAJH, Bell G, Chan JCN. Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4 alpha, glucokinase and HNF-1 alpha in Chinese patients with early onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Med 1999; 16:956-63.
43. Chan JCN, Yeung VTF, Chow CC, Ko GTC, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Zimmet P, Cockram CS. Pancreatic β cell function and antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) in Chinese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1996; 32:27-34.
44. Service FJ, Rizza Robert A, Zimmerman BR, Dyck PJ, O'Brien PC, Melton JL. The classification of diabetes by clinical and C-peptide criteria: A prospective population based study. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:198-201.
45. Scott RS, Mason DR, Iris FJ, Bremer JR. Insulin deficiency in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1986; 2:359-64.
46. Zimmet PZ, Tuomi T, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Knowles W, Cohen M. Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults (LADA): the role of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in diagnosis and prediction of insulin dependency. Diabetic Med 1994; 11:299-303.
47. Niskanen L, Karjalainen J, Siitonen O, Uusitupa M. Metabolic evolution of type 2 diabetes: a 10 year follow up from the time of diagnosis. J Intern Med 1994; 236:263-70.
48. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: a 6-year randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonyurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:165-75.
49. Peacock I, Tattersall RB. The difficult choice of treatment for poorly controlled maturity onset diabetes: tablets or insulin? Br Med J Clin Res Ed. 1984; 30:1956-9.
50. Laakso M, Sarlund H, Korhonen T, Voutilainen E, Majander H, Hakala P, et al. Stopping insulin treatment in middle-aged diabetic patients with high post-glucagon plasma C-peptide. Effect on glycaemic control-serum lipids and lipoproteins. Acta Medica Scand 1988; 223:61-8.
51. Viikari J, Ronnemaa T, Koskinen P. Glucagon-C-peptide test as a measure of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes: evaluation of stopping insulin therapy in eleven patients. Ann Clin Res 1987; 19:178-82.
52. Jacobs ML, Elte JW, van Ouwerkerk BM, Janssens EN, Schop C, Knoop JA, et al. Effect of BMI, insulin dose and number of injections on glycaemic control in insulin-using diabetic patients. Studygroup Diabetes Rijnmond (SDR). Neth J Med 1997; 50:153-9.
53. Park JY, Lee Ku, Kim HK, Hong SK, Park KS, Lee HK, Min HK. Past and current obesity in Koreans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1997; 35:49-56.
54. Pigon J, Giacca A, Ostenson CG, Lam L, Vranic M, Efendic S. Normal hepatic insulin sensitivity in lean, mild non insulin-dependent diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1996; 81:3702-8.
55. Das S, Samal KC, Baliarsinha AK, Tripathy BB. Lean (underweight) NIDDM - pecularities and differences in metabolic and hormonal status - a pilot study. J Assoc Phys India 1995; 43:339-42.
56. Perriello G, Misericordia P, Volpi E, Pampanelli S, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P, Bolli GB. Contribution of obesity to insulin resistance in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1995; 80:2464-9.
57. Winocour PH, Jeacock J, Kalsi P, Gordon C, Anderson DC. The relevance of persistent C-peptide secretion in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus to glycaemic control and diabetic complications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990; 9:23-35.
58. Prando R, Odetti P, Melga P, Giusti R, Ciuchi R, Cheli V. Progressive deterioration of beta-cell function in nonobese type 2 diabetic subjects. Post-prandial plasma C-peptide level is an indication of insulin dependency. Diabetes Metabol 1996; 22:185-91.