APIC State-of-the-Art Report: The role of infection control during construction in health care facilities

American Journal of Infection Control

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 156-169

  Bartley, Judene Mueller ^a  

^a APIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONSTRUCTION WORK; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION PREVENTION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY;

EID: 0034009868     PISSN: 01966553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mic.2000.106055     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. 1. Aisner J, Schimpff SC, Bennett JE, Young MV, Wirnik PH. Aspergillus infections in cancer patients: association with fireproofing materials in a new hospital. JAMA 1976;235:411-12.
2. 2. Lentino JR, Rosenkranz MA, Michaels JA, Kurup VP, Rose HD, Rytel MW. Nosocomial aspergillosis: a retrospective review of airborne disease secondary to road construction and contaminated air conditioners. Am J Epidemiol 1982;116:430-7.
3. 3. Krasinski K, Holzman RS, Hanna B, Greco MA, Graff M, Bhogal M. Nosocomial fungal infection during hospital renovation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1985:6:278-82.
4. 4. Streifel AJ, Stevens PP, Rhame FS. In-hospital source of airborne Penicillium species spores. J Clin Microbiol 1987;25:1-4.
5. 5. Weems JJ Jr, Davis BJ, Tablan OC, Kaufman L, Martone WJ. Construction activity: an independent risk factor for invasive aspergillosis and zygomycosis in patients with hematologic malignancy. Infect Control 1987;8:71-5.
6. 6. Fox BC, Chamberlin L, Kulich P, Rae EJ, Webster LR. Heavy contamination of operating room air by Penicillium species: identification of the source and attempts at decontamination. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1990;18:300-6.
7. 7. Arnow PM, Sadigh MC, Weil D, Chudy R. Endemic and epidemic aspergillosis associated with in-hospital replication of Aspergillus organisms. J Infect Dis 1991 Nov;164:998-1002.
8. 8. Flynn PM, Williams BG, Hethrington SV, Williams BF, Giannini MA, Pearson TA. Aspergillus terreus during hospital renovation [letter]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14:363-5.
9. 9. Gerson SL, Parker P, Jacobs MR, Creger R, Lazarus HM. Aspergillosis due to carpet contamination [letter]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15:221-3.
10. 10. Alvarez M, Lopez Ponga B, Raon C, Garcia Gala J, Porto MC, Gonzales M, et al. Nosocomial outbreak caused by Scedosporium prolificans (inflatum): four fatal cases in leukemic patients. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33;3290-5.
11. 11. Pittet D, Huguenin T, Dharan S, Sztajzel-Boissard J, Ducel G, Thorens JB, et al. Unusual case of lethal pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154(2 Pt1):541-4.
12. 12. Haley CE, Cohen ML, Halter J, Meyer RD. Nosocomial legionnaires' disease: a continuing common-source epidemic at Wadsworth Medical Center [abstract]. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:583-6.
13. 13. Dondero TJ Jr, Rendtorff RC, Mallison GF, Weeks RM, Levy JS, Wong EW, et al. An outbreak of legionnaires' disease associated with a contaminated air-conditioning cooling tower. N Engl J Med;302:365-70.
14. 14. Crane LC, Tagle LC, Palutke WA. Outbreak of Pseudomonas paucimobilis in an intensive care facility. JAMA 1981;246:985-7.
15. 15. Claesson BEB, Claesson UL-E. An outbreak of endometritis in a maternity unit caused by spread of group A streptococci from a showerhead. J Hosp Infect 1995;6:304-11.
16. 16. Sniadeck DH, Ostroff SM, Karlix MA, Smithwick RW, Schwartz B, Sprauer MA, et al. Nosocomial pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium xenopi due to contaminated potable water supply: lessons in prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993:14:637-41.
17. 17. Dearborn DG, Infeld MD, Smith PG, Brooks LJ, Carroll-Pankhurst DC, Kosik R, et al. Update: pulmonary hemorrhage/ hemosiderosis among infants. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46(2)33-5.
18. 18. Fridkin SK, Kremer FB, Bland LA, Padhye A, McNeil MM, Jarvis WR. Acremonium kiliense endophthalmitis that occurred after cataract extraction in an ambulatory surgical center and as traced to an environmental reservoir. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:222-7.
19. 19. American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health. 1996-1997 guidelines for design and construction of hospitals and healthcare facilities. Washington (DC): The American Institute for Architects Press; 1996.
20. 20. Bartley J. Air (HVAC/Laminar Flow). In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 103:1-9.
21. 21. Bartley J. Construction. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 104:1-6.
22. 22. Streifel AJ. Maintenance and engineering; biomedical engineering. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 111:1-7.
23. 23. Bartley J. Water. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 118:1-4.
24. 24. McDonald L. Regulatory/accrediting/guideline setting agencies. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 121:1-4.
25. 25. Haberstich N. Prevention of infection during major construction and renovation in the surgery department of a large hospital. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1987;15:36A-38A.
26. 26. Carter CD, Barr BA. Infection control issues in construction and renovation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:587-96.
27. 27. Turner G, Sumner R, Ornelas L, Martin M. Controlling construction dust in the hospital environment; a quality improvement project [abstract]. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1995;23:115.
28. 28. Brown S, Detzler L, Myers J, Swift S. The impact of environmental controls and air quality monitoring on surgical site infection rates during operating room construction [abstract]. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1996;24:140.
29. 29. Gartner K, Blank M, Volosky R. Keeping the air clean - lessons from a construction project [abstract]. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1996;24:111.
30. 30. Kennedy V, Barnard B, Hackett B. Use of a risk matrix to determine level of barrier protection during construction activities [abstract]. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1996;24:111.
31. 31. Kennedy V, Barnard B, Hackett B. Use of a risk matrix to determine level of barrier protection during construction activities. Hosp Infect Control 1997;2:27-8.
32. 32. Harvey MA, Critical care-unit bedside design and furnishing: impact on nosocomial infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:597-601.
33. 33. University of Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota Building Research Consortium, IAQ Project, Department Env. Health and Safety. Health Care Construction and IAQ, Minneapolis (MN): Sept 15-16, 1997. Components available from: URL: http://www.dehs.umn.edu/.
34. 34. Brace SE. Infection control during construction: planning is key. Healthcare Facilities Management Series (#094300). Chicago (IL): ASHE of American Hospital Association; 1993.
35. 35. Bartley J. Environmental control: operating room air quality. Today's OR Nurse 1993;15:11-7.
36. 36. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. Systems and equipment handbook. Air cleaners for particulate contaminants. Atlanta (GA): ASHRAE Inc; 1996. p. 24.9-24.11.
37. 37. Health Care Finance Administration. Medicare and Medicaid programs; hospital conditions of participation 1986. Baltimore (MD): Department of Health and Human Services; 1986.
38. 38. Tablan OC, Anderson LJ, Arden NH, Butler BR, McNeil MM, the Hospital Infection Control Advisory Committee. Guidelines for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1994;22:247-92.
39. 39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities, 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994;43(RR-13)29.
40. 40. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. Design considerations for controlling microbial growth. Atlanta (GA): ASHRAE Inc; BSR/ASHRAE 62-1989R Draft Aug 1996. Appendix M1-M4.
41. 41. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Legionnaires' disease. In: OSHA Technical Manual Section II: 7:1-46. Available from: URL: http://www.osha.slc.gov/Tech_Man_data/II_7.html.
42. 42. Comprehensive Manual on Accreditation of Hospitals. Oakbrook (IL): Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations Publications; 1997.
43. 43. Kuehn TH, Gacek B, Yang CH, Grimsgud D, Janni KA, Streifel AJ, et al. Final report: ASHRAE 804-RP Phase 1 identification of contaminants, exposures effects and control options for construction/renovation activities. Atlanta GA: ASHRAE Inc; 1995.
44. 44. American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment ANSI Z358.11990 Revision of ANSI Z358.1-1981. New York: ANSI; Oct 5, 1989.
45. 45. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Proposed rule for occupational exposure to tuberculosis. Fed Reg; 62: 54159-54308; 1997.
46. 46. Garner J, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. JAIC Am J Infect Control 1996;24:24-52.
47. 47. Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, final rule. (29 CFR 1910.1030), Fed Reg; 56:64175-64182; 1991.
48. 48. Garner JS, Favero MS. Guideline for handwashing and hospital environmental control, 1985. National Technical Information Service (PB855-923404); 1985. p. 14.
49. 49. Hansen W, editor. A guide to managing indoor air quality in health care organizations 1997. Oakbrook (IL): Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Publications; 1997.
50. 50. Freije MA, Barbaree JM. Legionellae control in health care facilities: a guide for minimizing risk. Indianapolis (IN): HC Information Resources Inc.; 1996.
51. 51. Rask D, Dziekan B, Swiencicki W, Heinsohn P, Walmsley D. Air quality control during renovation in health care facilities. In: Healthy buildings: solutions to global and regional concerns. Atlanta (GA): ASHRAE Inc Press; 1998.
52. 52. Opal SM, Asp AA, Cannady PB Jr, Morse PL, Burton LJ, Hammer PG II. Efficacy of infection control measures during a nosocomial outbreak of aspergillosis associated with hospital construction. J Infect Dis 1986;153:634-7.
53. 53. Overberger PA, Wadowsky RM, Schaper MM. Evaluation of airborne particulates and fungi during hospital renovation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1995;56:706-12.
54. 54. Johnson K. Cohen M. An occupied hospital under construction: the role of environmental cultures [abstract]. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1997;25:166.
55. 55. Chou T. Environmental services. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 107:1-7.
56. 56. Goetz AM, Legionella species. Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO); Mosby; 1996. p. 64:1-4.
57. 57. McDonald M, Disaster response. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 106:1-7.
58. 58. Humphreys H, Johnson EM, Warnock DW, Willats SM, Winter RJ, Speller DC. An outbreak of aspergillosis in a general ITU. J Hosp Infect 1991;18:167-7.
59. 59. Iwen PC, Reed EC, Armitage JO, Bierman PJ, Kessinger A, Vose JM, et al. Nosocomial invasive aspergillosis in lymphoma patients treated with bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14:131-9.
60. 60. Kerr JR, Moore JE, Curran MD, Graham R, Webb CH, Lowery KG, et al. Investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in an intensive care unit by random amplification of polymorphic DNA assay. J Hosp Infect 1995;30:125-31.
61. 61. Lingnau W, Allerberger F. Control of an outbreak of methieillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by hygienic measures in a general intensive care unit. Infection 1994;Suppl 2: S135-S139.
62. 62. Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Environmental interventions to control nosocomial infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:442-3.
63. 63. Kollef MI, Von Harz B, Prentice D, Shapiro SD, Silver P, St. John R, et al. Patient transport from intensive care increases the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 1997;112:765-73.
64. 64. Weber SF, Peacock JE Jr, Do KA, Cruz JM, Powell BL, Capizzi RL. Interaction of granulocytopenia and construction activity as risk factors for nosocomial invasive filamentous fungal disease in patients with hematologic disorders. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1990;11:235-42.
65. 65. Weinstein SA, Health and Safety Programs In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 108:1-8.
66. 66. Bolyard EA, Tablan OC. Williams, WW, Pearson ML, Shapiro CN, Ditchman SD. Guideline for infection control in health care personnel, 1998. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1998;26:289-354.
67. 67. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immunization of health-care workers: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46(RR 18): 1-42.
68. 68. Streifel AJ. Aspergillosis and construction. In: Kundsin RB, editor. Architectural design and indoor microbial pollution. New York: Oxford University Press; 1988 p. 198-217.
69. 69. Streifel AJ, Lauer JL, Vesley D, Juni B, Rhame FS. Aspergillus fumigatus and other thermotolerant fungi generated by hospital building demolition. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983;46:375-8.
70. 70. Yu VL, Zeming L, Stout J, Goetz A. Legionella disinfection of water distribution systems: principles, problems and practice. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14:567-70.
71. 71. Goetz A, Yu VL. Screening for nosocomial Legionella. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1991;19:623-33.
72. 72. Palmgren U, Strom G, Blomquist G, Malmberg P. Collection of airborne micro-organisms on nuclepore filters, estimation and analysis - CAMNEA method [abstract]. J Appl Bacteriol 1986;61(5):401-6.
73. 73. Buttner MP, Stetzenbach LD. Monitoring airborne fungal spores in an experimental indoor environment to evaluate sampling methods and the effects of human activity on air sampling [abstract]. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993;59:219-26.
74. 74. Rath PM, Ansorg R. Value of environmental sampling and molecular typing of Aspergilli to assess nosocomial sources of aspergillosis. J Hosp Infect 1997;37:47-53.
75. 75. Hermans RD, Streifel AJ. Ventilation designs. Proceedings of the Workshop on Engineering Controls for Preventing Airborne Infections in Workers in Healthcare and Related Facilities; 1993 July 14-16; Cincinnati, Ohio. NIOSH; 1994.
76. 76. Marrie TJ, Haldane D, MacDonald S, Clarke K, Fanning C, Le Fort-Jost S, et al. Control of endemic nosocomial legionnaires' disease by using sterile potable water for high risk patients. Epidemiol Infect 1991;107:591-605.
77. 77. Bert F, Maubee E, Bruneau B, Berry P, Lambert-Zechovsky N. Multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak associated with contaminated tap water in a neurosurgery intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 1998;39:53-62.
78. 78. Mermel LA, Josephson SL, Giorgio CH, Dempsey J, Parenteau S. Association of legionnaires' disease with construction: contamination of potable water? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:76-81.
79. 79. Yu VL. Prevention and control of Legionella: an idea whose time has come. Infect Dis Clin Pract 1997;6:420-1.
80. 80. Goetz A, Yu VL. Copper-silver ionisation: cautious optimism for Legionella disinfection and implications for environmental culturing. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1997;25:449-51.
81. 81. Butler JC, Fields BS, Breiman RF. Prevention and control of Legionella. Infect Dis in Clin Pract 1997;6:458-64.
82. 82. Muraca P, Yu VL, Goetz A. Disinfection of water distribution systems for Legionella: a review of application procedures and methodologies. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1990;11:79-88.
83. 83. Miuetzner S, Schwille RC, Farley A, Wald ER, Ge JH, States SJ, et al. Efficacy of thermal treatment and copper-silver ionization for controlling Legionella pneumophila in high-volume hot water plumbing systems in hospitals. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1997;25:452-7.
84. 84. Johanning E, Biagini R, Hull D, Morey P, Jarvis B, Landsbergis P. Health and immunology study following exposure to toxigenic fungi (Stachybotrys chartarum) in a water-damaged office environment. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1996;68:207-18.
85. 85. Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services. Minimum design standards for health care facilities in Michigan. Lansing (MI): MDCIS; 1998.
86. 86. Cooney TE. Bactericidal activity of copper and noncopper paints. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:444-50.
87. 87. Rutala WA. Water as a reservoir of nosocomial pathogens. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:609-16.
88. 88. Health Facilities Forum on Carpet in Health Care Facilities Series. Health facilities management. Chicago (IL): American Hospital Association; 1993;12:22-34; 1994;1:26-30; 1994;2:38-46.
89. 88. Health Facilities Forum on Carpet in Health Care Facilities Series. Health facilities management. Chicago (IL): American Hospital Association; 1993;12:22-34; 1994;1:26-30; 1994;2:38-46.
90. 88. Health Facilities Forum on Carpet in Health Care Facilities Series. Health facilities management. Chicago (IL): American Hospital Association; 1993;12:22-34; 1994;1:26-30; 1994;2:38-46.
91. 89. Anderson RL, Mackel DC, Stoler BS, Mallison GF. Carpeting in hospitals: an epidemiological evaluation. J Clin Microbiol 1982;15:408-15.
92. 90. Lumish, RM, Carpeting in hospitals: an infection control problem? JAMA 1989;261:2422.
93. 91. Skoutelis AT, Westenfelder GO, Berkerdite M, Phair JP. Hospital carpeting and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile. AJIC Am J Infect Control 1994;22:212-7.
94. 92. Schmidt EA. Medical waste. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996.
95. 93. Baker C. Obstetric practice areas. In: Olmsted R, editor. APIC: infection control and applied epidemiology: principles and practice. 1996. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1996. p. 93:1-7.
96. 94. Dadswell JV: Managing swimming, spa and other pools to prevent infection. Commun Dis Rep 1996:6(2)R37-40.
97. 95. Hollyoak V, Boyd P, Freeman R. Whirlpool baths in nursing homes: use, maintenance and contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Commun Dis Rep 1995:5(7)R102-104.
98. 96. Miles J. Potentially hazardous amoebae found in eyewash stations. Hazard information bulletin. United States Department of Labor and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Dec. 1986. Bulletin 19861223. Available from: URL: http://www.osha-slc.gov/HIB19861223.html.
99. 97. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 97-111. Selecting, evaluating and using sharps disposal containers. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.nisoh/sharps1.html.
100. 98. Aerobiological Engineering. Pennsylvania State University, Graduate school of Architectural Engineering and Department of Biology. July, 1997. Available from: URL: http://www.engr.psu.edu/arc/server/wjkaerob.html.
101. 99. Rice N, Streifel A, Veseley D. Room pressure: a critical parameter for special ventilation rooms. Proceedings of the SHEA Eighth Annual Scientific meeting; 1998; Orlando, Fla.