메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 88, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 380-394

Enemy-mediated apparent competition: Empirical patterns and the evidence

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMENSALISM; APPARENT COMPETITION; LITERATURE REVIEW; RECIPROCITY;

EID: 0034005196     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880217.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (199)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0002551465 scopus 로고
    • Indirect interactions between species that share a predator: Varieties of indirect effects
    • Kerfoot, W. C. and Sih, A. (eds). Univ. Press New England, Hanover, NH
    • Abrams, P. A. 1987. Indirect interactions between species that share a predator: varieties of indirect effects. In: Kerfoot, W. C. and Sih, A. (eds). Predation: direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. Univ. Press New England, Hanover, NH, pp. 38-54.
    • (1987) Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities , pp. 38-54
    • Abrams, P.A.1
  • 2
    • 0002600923 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects arising from optimal foraging
    • Kawanabe, H., Cohen, J. E. and Iwasaki, K. (eds). Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
    • Abrams, P. A. 1993. Indirect effects arising from optimal foraging. - In: Kawanabe, H., Cohen, J. E. and Iwasaki, K. (eds). Mutualism and community organization. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, pp. 255-279.
    • (1993) Mutualism and Community Organization , pp. 255-279
    • Abrams, P.A.1
  • 3
    • 0001306830 scopus 로고
    • The role of indirect effects in food webs
    • Polis, G. and Winemiller, K. O. (eds). Chapman & Hall, New York
    • Abrams, P. A., Menge, B. A., Mittelbach, G. G. et al. 1995. The role of indirect effects in food webs. In: Polis, G. and Winemiller, K. O. (eds). Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics. Chapman & Hall, New York. pp. 371-395.
    • (1995) Food Webs: Integration of Patterns and Dynamics , pp. 371-395
    • Abrams, P.A.1    Menge, B.A.2    Mittelbach, G.G.3
  • 4
    • 0031658534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent competition or apparent mutualism? Shared predation when populations cycle
    • Abrams, P. A., Holt, R. D. and Roth, J. D. 1998. Apparent competition or apparent mutualism? shared predation when populations cycle. - Ecology 79: 201-212.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 201-212
    • Abrams, P.A.1    Holt, R.D.2    Roth, J.D.3
  • 5
    • 0028975460 scopus 로고
    • Effects of basal resources, predation, and alternative prey in microcosm food chains
    • Balčiūnas, D. and Lawler, S. P. 1995. Effects of basal resources, predation, and alternative prey in microcosm food chains. - Ecology 76: 1327-1336.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1327-1336
    • Balčiunas, D.1    Lawler, S.P.2
  • 6
    • 0030807062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of alternate host densities on brown-headed Cowbird parasitism rates in black-capped Vireos
    • Barber, D. R. and Martin, T. E. 1997. Influence of alternate host densities on brown-headed Cowbird parasitism rates in black-capped Vireos. - Condor 99: 595-604.
    • (1997) Condor , vol.99 , pp. 595-604
    • Barber, D.R.1    Martin, T.E.2
  • 7
    • 0030806215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent competition structures ecological assemblages
    • Bonsall, M. B. and Hassell, M. P. 1997. Apparent competition structures ecological assemblages. - Nature 388: 371-373.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 371-373
    • Bonsall, M.B.1    Hassell, M.P.2
  • 8
    • 0031742960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population dynamics of apparent competition in a host-parasitoid assemblage
    • Bonsall, M. B. and Hassell, M. P. 1998. The population dynamics of apparent competition in a host-parasitoid assemblage. - J. Anim. Ecol. 67: 918-929.
    • (1998) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.67 , pp. 918-929
    • Bonsall, M.B.1    Hassell, M.P.2
  • 9
    • 0024485351 scopus 로고
    • Diet selection on depletable resources
    • Brown, J. S. and Mitchell, W. A. 1989. Diet selection on depletable resources. - Oikos 54: 33-43.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.54 , pp. 33-43
    • Brown, J.S.1    Mitchell, W.A.2
  • 10
    • 0028994934 scopus 로고
    • Effects of foraging behavior and spatial scale on diet selectivity: A test with fox squirrels
    • Brown, J. S. and Morgan, R. A. 1995. Effects of foraging behavior and spatial scale on diet selectivity: a test with fox squirrels. - Oikos 74: 122-136.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.74 , pp. 122-136
    • Brown, J.S.1    Morgan, R.A.2
  • 11
    • 0028165030 scopus 로고
    • Indirect versus direct effects of grasses on growth of a cactus (Opuntia fragilis): Insect herbivory versus competition
    • Burger, J. C. and Louda, S. M. 1994. Indirect versus direct effects of grasses on growth of a cactus (Opuntia fragilis): insect herbivory versus competition. - Oecologia 99: 79-87.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.99 , pp. 79-87
    • Burger, J.C.1    Louda, S.M.2
  • 12
    • 0020922895 scopus 로고
    • On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: Evidence from field experiments
    • Connell, J. H. 1983. On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. Am. Nat. 122: 661-696.
    • (1983) Am. Nat. , vol.122 , pp. 661-696
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 13
    • 0002840473 scopus 로고
    • Apparent versus "real" competition in plants
    • Grace, J. B. and Tilman, D. (eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Connell, J. H. 1990. Apparent versus "real" competition in plants. In: Grace, J. B. and Tilman, D. (eds), Perspective on plant competition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 9-26.
    • (1990) Perspective on Plant Competition , pp. 9-26
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 14
    • 0000796398 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific competition, parasitism, and predation a fleet development of Aedes hendersoni and Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in artificial treeholes
    • Copeland, R. S. and Craig, G. B. 1992. Interspecific competition, parasitism, and predation a fleet development of Aedes hendersoni and Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in artificial treeholes. - Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 85: 154-163.
    • (1992) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. , vol.85 , pp. 154-163
    • Copeland, R.S.1    Craig, G.B.2
  • 15
    • 0027019519 scopus 로고
    • Extirpation of alternative prey during a small rodent crash
    • Drost, C. A. and McCuskey, R. C. 1992. Extirpation of alternative prey during a small rodent crash. Oecologia 92: 301-304.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.92 , pp. 301-304
    • Drost, C.A.1    McCuskey, R.C.2
  • 16
    • 0030417332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect interactions in biological control of insects: Pests and natural enemies in alfalfa
    • Evans, E. W. and England, S. 1996. Indirect interactions in biological control of insects: pests and natural enemies in alfalfa. Ecol. Appl. 6: 920-930.
    • (1996) Ecol. Appl. , vol.6 , pp. 920-930
    • Evans, E.W.1    England, S.2
  • 17
    • 0022242816 scopus 로고
    • Host leaf selection by leaf miners: Interactions among three trophic levels
    • Faeth, S. H. 1985. Host leaf selection by leaf miners: interactions among three trophic levels. - Ecology 66: 870-875.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 870-875
    • Faeth, S.H.1
  • 18
    • 0000275689 scopus 로고
    • Resource concentration and herbivory in oak forests
    • Futuyma, D. J. and Wasserman, S. S. 1980. Resource concentration and herbivory in oak forests. - Science 210: 920-922.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 920-922
    • Futuyma, D.J.1    Wasserman, S.S.2
  • 19
    • 0026565151 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of intraspecific, interspecific, and apparent competition with host-pathogen population dynamics
    • Grosholz, E. D. 1992. Interactions of intraspecific, interspecific, and apparent competition with host-pathogen population dynamics. - Ecology 73: 507-514.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 507-514
    • Grosholz, E.D.1
  • 20
    • 0032554668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling resource and apparent competition: Realistic models for plant-herbivore communities
    • Grover, J. P. und Holt, R. D. 1998. Disentangling resource and apparent competition: realistic models for plant-herbivore communities. - J. Theor. Biol. 191: 353-376.
    • (1998) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.191 , pp. 353-376
    • Grover, J.P.1    Holt, R.D.2
  • 21
    • 0026007271 scopus 로고
    • The population dynamics of an alien insect: Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
    • Hails, R. S. and Crawley, M. J. 1991. The population dynamics of an alien insect: Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). - J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 545-562.
    • (1991) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.60 , pp. 545-562
    • Hails, R.S.1    Crawley, M.J.2
  • 22
    • 0028975392 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and prevalence of helminths, coccidia and blood parasites in two competing species of gecko: Implications tor apparent competition
    • Hanley, K. A., Vollmer, D. M. and Case, T. J. 1995. The distribution and prevalence of helminths, coccidia and blood parasites in two competing species of gecko: implications tor apparent competition. - Oecologia 102: 220-229.
    • (1995) Oecologia , vol.102 , pp. 220-229
    • Hanley, K.A.1    Vollmer, D.M.2    Case, T.J.3
  • 23
    • 0031863141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental invetigation of the competitive displacement of a native gecko by an invading gecko: No role for parasites
    • Hanley, K. A., Petreu, K. and Case, T. J. 1998. An experimental invetigation of the competitive displacement of a native gecko by an invading gecko: no role for parasites. -Oecologia 115: 196-205.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 196-205
    • Hanley, K.A.1    Petreu, K.2    Case, T.J.3
  • 24
    • 0028984389 scopus 로고
    • The effect of seedling age on the likelihood of herbivory by the slug Deroceras reticulatum
    • Hanley, M. E., Fenner, M. and Edwards, P. J. 1995. The effect of seedling age on the likelihood of herbivory by the slug Deroceras reticulatum. - Funct. Ecol. 9: 754-759.
    • (1995) Funct. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 754-759
    • Hanley, M.E.1    Fenner, M.2    Edwards, P.J.3
  • 25
    • 0030880450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of predation and competition on the population dynamics of Tetranychus pacificus on grapevines
    • Hanna, R., Wilson, L. T., Zalom, F. G. and Flaherty, D. L. 1997. Effects of predation and competition on the population dynamics of Tetranychus pacificus on grapevines. - J. Appl. Ecol. 34: 878-888.
    • (1997) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.34 , pp. 878-888
    • Hanna, R.1    Wilson, L.T.2    Zalom, F.G.3    Flaherty, D.L.4
  • 26
    • 0014624845 scopus 로고
    • The role of predation in vegetational diversity
    • Harper, J. L. 1969. The role of predation in vegetational diversity. - Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 22: 48-62.
    • (1969) Brookhaven Symp. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 48-62
    • Harper, J.L.1
  • 27
    • 0022196730 scopus 로고
    • Grazing insects mediate algal interactions in a stream benthic community
    • Hart, D. D. 1985. Grazing insects mediate algal interactions in a stream benthic community. - Oikos 44: 40-46.
    • (1985) Oikos , vol.44 , pp. 40-46
    • Hart, D.D.1
  • 28
    • 0027804034 scopus 로고
    • Herbivore avoidance by association: Vole and hare utilization of woody plants
    • Hjältén, J., Danell, K. and Lundberg, P. 1993. Herbivore avoidance by association: vole and hare utilization of woody plants. Oikos 68: 125-131.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 125-131
    • Hjältén, J.1    Danell, K.2    Lundberg, P.3
  • 29
    • 0028165279 scopus 로고
    • Predation on nests: A case of apparent competition
    • Hoi, H. and Winkler, H. 1994. Predation on nests: a case of apparent competition. Oecologia 98: 436-440.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.98 , pp. 436-440
    • Hoi, H.1    Winkler, H.2
  • 30
    • 0024933771 scopus 로고
    • A neighborhood analysis of herbivory in Bouteloua gracilis
    • Holmes, R. D. and Jepson-Innes, K. 1989. A neighborhood analysis of herbivory in Bouteloua gracilis. - Ecology 70: 971-976.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 971-976
    • Holmes, R.D.1    Jepson-Innes, K.2
  • 31
    • 0017544146 scopus 로고
    • Predation, apparent competition and the structure of prey communities
    • Holt, R. D. 1977. Predation, apparent competition and the structure of prey communities. Theor. Popul. Biol. 12: 197-229.
    • (1977) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 197-229
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 32
    • 0021569415 scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity, indirect interactions, and the coexistence of prey species
    • Holt, R. D. 1984. Spatial heterogeneity, indirect interactions, and the coexistence of prey species. - Am. Nat. 124: 377-406.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.124 , pp. 377-406
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 33
    • 0022191646 scopus 로고
    • Infectious disease and species coexistence: A model of Lotka-Volterra form
    • Holt, R. D. and Pickering, J. 1985. Infectious disease and species coexistence: a model of Lotka-Volterra form. Am. Nat. 126: 196-211.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.126 , pp. 196-211
    • Holt, R.D.1    Pickering, J.2
  • 34
    • 0023480408 scopus 로고
    • Short-term apparent competition
    • Holt, R. D. and Kotler, B. P. 1987. Short-term apparent competition. - Am. Nat. 130: 412-430.
    • (1987) Am. Nat. , vol.130 , pp. 412-430
    • Holt, R.D.1    Kotler, B.P.2
  • 35
    • 0027331063 scopus 로고
    • Apparent competition and enemy-free space in insect host-parasitoid communities
    • Holt, R. D. and Lawton, J. H. 1993. Apparent competition and enemy-free space in insect host-parasitoid communities. - Am. Nat. 142: 623-645.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.142 , pp. 623-645
    • Holt, R.D.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 36
    • 0028165936 scopus 로고
    • The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies
    • Holt, R. D. and Lawton, J. H. 1994. The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. 25: 495-520.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. , vol.25 , pp. 495-520
    • Holt, R.D.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 37
    • 0028163952 scopus 로고
    • Simple rules for interspecific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition
    • Holt, R. D., Grover, J. and Tilman, D. 1994. Simple rules for interspecific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition. - Am. Nat. 144: 741-771.
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.144 , pp. 741-771
    • Holt, R.D.1    Grover, J.2    Tilman, D.3
  • 38
    • 0025627930 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on behaviorally mediated, indirect interactions through a shared predator
    • Huang, C. and Sih, A. 1990. Experimental studies on behaviorally mediated, indirect interactions through a shared predator. - Ecology 71: 1515-1522.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1515-1522
    • Huang, C.1    Sih, A.2
  • 39
    • 0031691011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition mediated by parasites: Biological and theoretical progress
    • Hudson, P. and Greenman, J. 1998. Competition mediated by parasites: biological and theoretical progress. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 13: 387-390.
    • (1998) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 387-390
    • Hudson, P.1    Greenman, J.2
  • 40
    • 0022180939 scopus 로고
    • Predation causing extended low densities in microtine cycles: Implications from predation on hole nesting passerines
    • Järvinen, A. 1985. Predation causing extended low densities in microtine cycles: implications from predation on hole nesting passerines. - Oikos 45: 157-158.
    • (1985) Oikos , vol.45 , pp. 157-158
    • Järvinen, A.1
  • 41
    • 0021544207 scopus 로고
    • Enemy free space and the structure of ecological communities
    • Jeffries, M. J. and Lawton, J. H. 1984. Enemy free space and the structure of ecological communities. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 23: 269-286.
    • (1984) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.23 , pp. 269-286
    • Jeffries, M.J.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 42
    • 0030693094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighbourhood a affects a plant's risk of herbivory and subsequent success
    • Karban, R. 1997. Neighbourhood a affects a plant's risk of herbivory and subsequent success. - Ecol. Entomol. 22: 433-439.
    • (1997) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.22 , pp. 433-439
    • Karban, R.1
  • 43
    • 0028160229 scopus 로고
    • Predator-mediated apparent competition between two herbivores that feed on grapevines
    • Karban, R., Hougeneitzmann, D. and Englishloeb, G. 1994. Predator-mediated apparent competition between two herbivores that feed on grapevines. - Oecologia 97: 508-511.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.97 , pp. 508-511
    • Karban, R.1    Hougeneitzmann, D.2    Englishloeb, G.3
  • 44
    • 0025224343 scopus 로고
    • Does year-to-year variation in the diet of eagle and ural owls support the alternative prey hypothesis?
    • Korpimaki, E., Huhtala, K. and Sulkava, S. 1990. Does year-to-year variation in the diet of eagle and ural owls support the alternative prey hypothesis? Oikos 58: 47-54.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.58 , pp. 47-54
    • Korpimaki, E.1    Huhtala, K.2    Sulkava, S.3
  • 45
    • 0028586416 scopus 로고
    • Applying patch use to assess aspects of foraging behavior in Nubian Ibex
    • Kotler, B. P., Gross, J. E. and Mitchell, W. A. 1994. Applying patch use to assess aspects of foraging behavior in Nubian Ibex. J. Wildl. Manage. 58: 299-307.
    • (1994) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.58 , pp. 299-307
    • Kotler, B.P.1    Gross, J.E.2    Mitchell, W.A.3
  • 46
    • 0024773729 scopus 로고
    • Competition
    • Cherret. J. M. (ed.), Blackwell, Oxford
    • Law, R. and Watkinson, A. R. 1989. Competition. In: Cherret. J. M. (ed.), Ecological concepts. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 243-284.
    • (1989) Ecological Concepts , pp. 243-284
    • Law, R.1    Watkinson, A.R.2
  • 47
    • 0027836111 scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects in microcosm communities of protists
    • Lavier, S. P. 1993. Direct and indirect effects in microcosm communities of protists. - Oecologia 93: 184-190.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.93 , pp. 184-190
    • Lavier, S.P.1
  • 48
    • 0002867107 scopus 로고
    • The effect of parasitoids on phytophagous insect communities
    • Waage, J. and Greathead, D. (eds). Academic Press
    • Lawton, J. H. 1986. The effect of parasitoids on phytophagous insect communities. - In: Waage, J. and Greathead, D. (eds), London: Insect parasitoids. Academic Press, pp. 265-287.
    • (1986) London: Insect Parasitoids , pp. 265-287
    • Lawton, J.H.1
  • 49
    • 0019434299 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetrical competition in insects
    • Lawton, J. H. and Hassell, M. P. 1981. Asymmetrical competition in insects. Nature 289: 793-795.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.289 , pp. 793-795
    • Lawton, J.H.1    Hassell, M.P.2
  • 50
    • 0032406521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite impacts on host communities: Plant parasitism in a California coastal prairie
    • Marvier, M. A. 1998. Parasite impacts on host communities: plant parasitism in a California coastal prairie. - Ecology 79: 2616-2623.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2616-2623
    • Marvier, M.A.1
  • 51
    • 0032558786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature
    • McCann, K., Hastings, A. and Huxel, G. 1998. Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature. Nature 395: 794-798.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 794-798
    • McCann, K.1    Hastings, A.2    Huxel, G.3
  • 52
    • 0028976893 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects in marine rocky intertidal interaction webs: Patterns and importance
    • Menge, B. A. 1995. Indirect effects in marine rocky intertidal interaction webs: patterns and importance. Ecol. Monogr. 65: 21-74.
    • (1995) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.65 , pp. 21-74
    • Menge, B.A.1
  • 53
    • 0030621373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent competition between two aphid species
    • Müller, C. B. and Godfray, H. C. J. 1997. Apparent competition between two aphid species. - J. Anim. Ecol. 66: 57-64.
    • (1997) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.66 , pp. 57-64
    • Müller, C.B.1    Godfray, H.C.J.2
  • 55
    • 0024185675 scopus 로고
    • Predator-prey interactions and community structure: Chironomids, mosquitoes and copepods in Heliconia imbricata (Musaceae)
    • Naeem, S. 1988. Predator-prey interactions and community structure: chironomids, mosquitoes and copepods in Heliconia imbricata (Musaceae). Oecologia 77: 202-209.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.77 , pp. 202-209
    • Naeem, S.1
  • 56
    • 0002596015 scopus 로고
    • Food web complexity and species diversity
    • Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. Am. Nat. 100: 65-75.
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 65-75
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 57
    • 0012306220 scopus 로고
    • Insect herbivores limit habitat distribution of a native composite Machacranthera canescens
    • Parker, M. A. and Root, R. B. 1981. Insect herbivores limit habitat distribution of a native composite Machacranthera canescens. - Ecology 62: 1390-1392.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 1390-1392
    • Parker, M.A.1    Root, R.B.2
  • 58
    • 0027084057 scopus 로고
    • Intraguild predation: The dynamics of a complex trophic interaction
    • Polis, G. A. and Holt, R. D. 1992. Intraguild predation: the dynamics of a complex trophic interaction. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 151-154.
    • (1992) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.7 , pp. 151-154
    • Polis, G.A.1    Holt, R.D.2
  • 59
    • 0022824867 scopus 로고
    • Parasite mediation in ecological interactions
    • Price, P. W., Westoby, M., Rice, B. et al. 1986. Parasite mediation in ecological interactions. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. 17: 487-505.
    • (1986) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. , vol.17 , pp. 487-505
    • Price, P.W.1    Westoby, M.2    Rice, B.3
  • 60
    • 0024231592 scopus 로고
    • Parasite-mediated competition: Some predictions and tests
    • Price, P. W., Westoby, M. and Rice, B. 1988. Parasite-mediated competition: some predictions and tests. - Am. Nat. 131: 544-555.
    • (1988) Am. Nat. , vol.131 , pp. 544-555
    • Price, P.W.1    Westoby, M.2    Rice, B.3
  • 61
    • 0000388434 scopus 로고
    • Herbivory as a confounding factor in an experiment measuring competition among plants
    • Reader, R. J. 1992. Herbivory as a confounding factor in an experiment measuring competition among plants. - Ecology 73: 373-376.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 373-376
    • Reader, R.J.1
  • 62
    • 0343897217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition, apparent competition and coexistence of two aphid species
    • in press
    • Ringel, M. and Godfray, H. C. J. 1999. Competition, apparent competition and coexistence of two aphid species. - Am. Nat. (in press).
    • (1999) Am. Nat.
    • Ringel, M.1    Godfray, H.C.J.2
  • 63
    • 51249166281 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent predation of the ant Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on two attended aphids Lachnus tropicalis and Myzocallis kuricola (Homoptera: Aphididae)
    • Sakata, H. 1995. Density-dependent predation of the ant Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on two attended aphids Lachnus tropicalis and Myzocallis kuricola (Homoptera: Aphididae). - Res. Popul. Ecol. 37: 159-164.
    • (1995) Res. Popul. Ecol. , vol.37 , pp. 159-164
    • Sakata, H.1
  • 64
    • 0023496933 scopus 로고
    • Extinction of an island forest avifauna by an introduced snake
    • Savidge, J. A. 1987. Extinction of an island forest avifauna by an introduced snake. Ecology 68: 660-668.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 660-668
    • Savidge, J.A.1
  • 65
    • 0031656707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator-mediated interactions between and within guilds of nesting songbirds: Experimental and observational evidence
    • Schmidt, K. A. and Whelan, C. J. 1998. Predator-mediated interactions between and within guilds of nesting songbirds: experimental and observational evidence. Am. Nat. 152: 393-402.
    • (1998) Am. Nat. , vol.152 , pp. 393-402
    • Schmidt, K.A.1    Whelan, C.J.2
  • 66
    • 0023520607 scopus 로고
    • Indirect interactions between prey: Apparent competition, predator aggregation, and habitat segregation
    • Schmitt, R. J. 1987. Indirect interactions between prey: apparent competition, predator aggregation, and habitat segregation. - Ecology: 1887-1897.
    • (1987) Ecology: 1887-1897
    • Schmitt, R.J.1
  • 67
    • 0001367628 scopus 로고
    • On the relative importance of direct versus indirect effects in ecological communities
    • Kawanabe, H., Cohen, J. E. and Iwasaki, K. (eds). Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
    • Schoener, T. W. 1993. On the relative importance of direct versus indirect effects in ecological communities. - In: Kawanabe, H., Cohen, J. E. and Iwasaki, K. (eds). Mutualism and community organization. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, pp. 365-411.
    • (1993) Mutualism and Community Organization , pp. 365-411
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 68
    • 0025658523 scopus 로고
    • Invasion by the variegated leafhopper and biotic interactions: Parasitism, competition, and apparent competition
    • Settle, W. H. and Wilson, L. T. 1990. Invasion by the variegated leafhopper and biotic interactions: parasitism, competition, and apparent competition. - Ecology 71: 1461-1470.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1461-1470
    • Settle, W.H.1    Wilson, L.T.2
  • 69
    • 0030441504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey
    • Settle, W. H., Ariawan, H., Astuti, E. T. et al. 1996. Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey. - Ecology 77: 1975-1988.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1975-1988
    • Settle, W.H.1    Ariawan, H.2    Astuti, E.T.3
  • 70
    • 0022169684 scopus 로고
    • Predation, competition, and prey communities: A review of field experiments
    • Sih, A., Crowley, P., McPeck, M. et al. 1985. Predation, competition, and prey communities: a review of field experiments. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. 16: 269-312.
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. , vol.16 , pp. 269-312
    • Sih, A.1    Crowley, P.2    McPeck, M.3
  • 71
    • 0030303764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and causes of extinction and decline in Australian conilurine rodents
    • Smith, A. P. and Quin, D. G. 1996. Patterns and causes of extinction and decline in Australian conilurine rodents. -Biol. Conserv. 77: 243-267.
    • (1996) Biol. Conserv. , vol.77 , pp. 243-267
    • Smith, A.P.1    Quin, D.G.2
  • 72
    • 0022855375 scopus 로고
    • Butterfly larvae reduce host plant survival in vicinity of alternative host species
    • Thomas, C. D. 1986. Butterfly larvae reduce host plant survival in vicinity of alternative host species. - Oecologia 70: 113-117.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.70 , pp. 113-117
    • Thomas, C.D.1
  • 73
    • 0002236442 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of competition by field experiments
    • Kikkawa, J. and Anderson, D. J. (eds). Blackwell, Oxford
    • Underwood, A. J. 1986. The analysis of competition by field experiments. - In: Kikkawa, J. and Anderson, D. J. (eds), Community ecology: pattern and process. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 240-268.
    • (1986) Community Ecology: Pattern and Process , pp. 240-268
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 74
    • 0030769963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect species interactions influencing within-season dynamics of apple rust mite. Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae)
    • Walde, S. J., Hardman, J. M. and Magagula, C. N. 1997. Direct and indirect species interactions influencing within-season dynamics of apple rust mite. Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae). - Exp. Appl. Acarol. 21: 587-614.
    • (1997) Exp. Appl. Acarol. , vol.21 , pp. 587-614
    • Walde, S.J.1    Hardman, J.M.2    Magagula, C.N.3
  • 75
    • 0001605694 scopus 로고
    • An elementary theory of interspecific competition
    • Williamson, M. H. 1957. An elementary theory of interspecific competition. - Nature 180: 422-425.
    • (1957) Nature , vol.180 , pp. 422-425
    • Williamson, M.H.1
  • 76
    • 0028165937 scopus 로고
    • The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities
    • Wootton, J. T. 1994. The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. 25: 443-466.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Sys. , vol.25 , pp. 443-466
    • Wootton, J.T.1
  • 77
    • 0030427234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite-mediated competition-a model of directly transmitted macroparasites
    • Yan, G. Y. 1996. Parasite-mediated competition-a model of directly transmitted macroparasites. - Am. Nat. 148: 1089-1112.
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.148 , pp. 1089-1112
    • Yan, G.Y.1
  • 78
    • 0030474684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidental nest predation and lark conservation in an Iberian semiarid shrubsteppe
    • Yanez, M. and Suárez, F. 1996. Incidental nest predation and lark conservation in an Iberian semiarid shrubsteppe. Conserv. Biol. 10: 881-887.
    • (1996) Conserv. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 881-887
    • Yanez, M.1    Suárez, F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.