Direct and indirect species interactions influencing within-season dynamics of apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Experimental and Applied Acarology

Volumn 21, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 587-614

  Walde, Sandra J ^a   Hardman, J Michael ^b   Magagula, Cebisile N ^a,c  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SWAZILAND   (Swaziland)

Author keywords

Aculus schlechtendali; Species interactions; Within season dynamics

Indexed keywords

APPLE ORCHARD; APPLE RUST MITE; COMPETITION; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; PATH ANALYSIS; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

CANADA; NOVA SCOTIA;

ACARI; ACULUS; ACULUS SCHLECHTENDALI; ERIOPHYIDAE; MALUS X DOMESTICA; PANONYCHUS ULMI; PHYTOSEIIDAE; STIGMAEIDAE; TYPHLODROMUS PYRI; ZETZELLIA; ZETZELLIA MALI;

EID: 0030769963     PISSN: 01688162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1018400500688     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Abrams, P.A. 1987. Indirect interactions between species that share a predator: varieties of indirect effects. In Predation: direct and indirect impacts on communities, W.C. Kerfoot and A. Sih (eds). University Press of New England, Hanover and London.
2. Abrams, P.A. 1995. Implications of dynamically variable traits for identifying, classifying, and measuring direct and indirect effects in ecological communities. Am. Nat. 146: 112-134.
3. Amano, H. and Chant, D.A. 1990. Species diversity and seasonal dynamics of Acari on abandoned apple trees in southern Ontario, Canada Exp. Appl. Acarol. 8: 71-96.
4. Breukel, L.M. and Post, A. 1959. The influence of the manurial treatment of orchards on the population density of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari, Tetranychidae). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 2: 38-47.
5. Clements, D.R. and Harmsen, R. 1990. Predatory behaviour and prey-stage preferences of stigmaeid and phytoseiid mites and their potential compatibility in biological control. Can. Entomol. 122: 321-328.
6. Clements, D.R., Harmsen, R. and Clements, P.J. 1991. A mechanistic simulation to complement an empirical transition matrix model of acarine population dynamics. Ecol. Model. 59: 257-277.
7. Collyer, E. 1964. The effect of an alternative food supply on the relationship between two Typhlodromus species and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 7: 120-124.
8. Croft, B.A. 1994. Biological control of apple mites by a phytoseiid mite complex and Zetzellia mali (Acari: Stigmaeidae): long-term effects and impact of azinphosmethyl on colonization by Amblyseius andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Environ. Entomol. 23: 1317-1325.
9. Croft, B.A. and Hoying, S.A. 1977. Competitive displacement of Panonychus ulmi (Acarina: Tetranychidae) by Aculus schlechtendali (Acarina: Eriophyidae) in apple orchards. Can. Entomol. 109: 1025-1034.
10. Croft, B.A. and MacRae, I.V. 1992a. Biological control of apple mites by mixed populations of Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Environ. Entomol. 21: 202-209.
11. Croft, B.A. and MacRae, I.V. 1992b. Persistence of Typhlodromus pyri and Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple after inoculative release and competition with Zetzellia mali (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Environ. Entomol. 21: 1168-1177.
12. Croft, B.A. and MacRae, I.V. 1993. Biological control of apple mites: impact of Zetzellia mali (Acari: Stigmaeidae) on Typhlodromus pyri and Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Environ. Entomol. 22: 865-873.
13. Dicke, M. 1988. Prey preference of the phytoseiid mite Typhlodromus pyri. 1. Response to volatile kairomones. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 4: 1-13.
14. Dicke, M. and DeJong, M. 1988. Prey preference of the phytoseiid mite Typhlodromus pyri. 2. Electrophoretic diet analysis. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 4: 15-25.
15. Dicke, M., Sabelis, M.W. and van den Berg. 1989. Does prey preference change as a result of prey species being presented together? Analysis of prey selection by the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Oecologia 81: 302-309.
16. Dicke, M., Sabelis, M.W., DeJong, M. and Alers, M.P.T. 1990. Do phytoseiid mites select the best prey species in terms of reproductive success? Exp. Appl. Acarol. 8: 161-173.
17. Downing, R.S. and Moillet, T.K. 1967. Relative densities of predacious and phytophagous mites on three varieties of apple trees. Can. Entomol. 99: 738-741.
18. Easterbrook, M.A. 1979. The life history of the eriophyid mite Aculus schlechtendali on apple in south-east England. Ann. Appl. Biol. 91: 287-296.
19. English-Loeb, G.M., Karban, R.M. and Hougen-Eitzman, D. 1993. Direct and indirect competition between spider mites feeding on grapes. Ecol. Appl. 3: 699-707.
20. Hardman, J.M. 1996. Sampling efficiency of the mite brushing machine for Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple leaves. Can. Entomol. in press.
21. Hardman, J.M., Rogers, R.E.L. and MacLellan, C.R. 1988. Advantages and disadvantages of using pyrethroidsin Nova Scotia apple orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 81: 1737-1749.
22. Hardman, J.M., Rogers, R.E.L., Nyrop, J.P and Frisch, T. 1991. Effect of pestidde applications on abundance of European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Nova Scotian apple orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 570-580.
23. Hardman, J.M., Smith, R.F. and Bent, E. 1995. Effects of different integrated pest management programs on biological control of mites on apple by predatory mites (Acari) in Nova Scotia. Environ. Entomol. 24: 125-142.
24. Hassan, S.A., Albert, R., Bigler, F., et al. 1987. Results of the third joint pesticide testing programme by the IOBC/WPRS working group 'Pesticides and beneficial organisms'. Z. Angew. Entomol. 103: 92-107.
25. Herbert, H.J. 1974. Notes on the biology of the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Prostigmata Eriophyoidae) and its density on several cultivars of apple in Nova Scotia. Can. Entomol. 106: 1035-1038.
26. Holt, R.D. 1977. Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities. Theor. Popul. Biol. 12: 197-229.
27. Holt, R.D. and Lawton, J.H. 1994. The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies. Ann. Rev. Ecol. and System. 25: 495-520.
28. Hougen-Eitzman, D. and Karban, R. 1995. Mechanisms of interspedfic competition that result in successful control of Padfic mites following inoculations of Williamette mites on grapevines. Oecologia 103: 157-161.
29. Hoyt, S.C. 1969. Integrated chemical control of insects and biological control of mites on apple in Washington. J. Econ. Entomol. 62: 74-86.
30. Jeppson, L.R., Keifer, H.H. and Baker, E.W. 1975. Mites Injurious to Economic Plants. University of California Press, Berkeley.
31. Johnson, M.L., Huggins, D.G. and deNoyelles, F., Jr 1991. Ecosystem modelling with LISREL: a new approach for measuring direct and indirect effects. Ecol. Appl. 1: 383-389.
32. Karban, R., Hougen-Eitzmann, D. and English-Loeb, G. 1994. Predator-mediated apparent competition between two herbivores that feed on grapevines. Oecologia 97: 508-511.
33. Kareiva, P. 1994. Higher order interactions as a foil to reductionist ecology. Ecology 75: 1527-1528.
34. Kingsolver, J.G. and Schemske, D.W. 1991. Path analyses of selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 6: 276-280.
35. Lawson, A.B. and Walde, S.J. 1993. Comparison of the responses of two predacious mites, Typhlodromus pyri and Zetzellia mali, to variation in prey density. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 17: 811-821.
36. McMurtry, J.A. 1992. Dynamics and potential impact of 'generalist' phytoseiids in agroecosystems and possibilities for establishment of exotic species. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 14: 371-382.
37. MacRae, I.V. and Croft, B.A. 1996. Differential impact of egg predation by Zetzellia mali (Acari: Stigmaeidae) on Metaseiulus occidentalis and Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 20: 143-154.
38. Magagula, C. 1993. Effects of the predatory mite, Zetzellia mali on the activities of a second predatory mite, Typhlodromus pyri and the assessment of its role in the biological control of Panonychus ulmi in a Nova Scotia apple orchard. MSc thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
39. Morin, P.J., Lawler, S.P. and Johnson, E.A. 1988. Competition between aquatic insects and vertebrates: interaction strength and higher order interactions. Ecology 69: 1401-1409.
40. Oatman, E.R. 1973. An ecological study of arthropod populations on apple in northeastern Wisconsin: population dynamics of mite species on the foliage. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 66: 122-131.
41. Overmeer, W.P.J. 1985. Alternative prey and other food sources. In Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control, Vol. 1B, W. Helle and M.W. Sabelis (eds), pp. 131-140. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
42. Parent, B. 1967. Population studies of phytophagous mites and predators on apple in southwestern Quebec. Can. Entomol. 99: 771-778.
43. Petraitis, P.S., Dunham, A.E. and Niewiaroski, P.H. 1996. Inferring multiple causality: the limitations of path analysis. Funct. Ecol. 10: 421-431.
44. Prokopy, R.J., Johnson, S.A. and O'Brien, M.T. 1990. Second-stage integrated management of apple arthropod pests. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 54: 9-19.
45. Rodriguez, J.G. 1958. The comparative NPK nutrition of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus telarius (L) on apple trees. J. Econ. Entomol. 51: 369-373.
46. Rodriguez, J.G. and Campbell, J.M. 1961. Effects of gibberellin on nutrition of the mites, Tetranychus telarius and Panonychus ulmi. J. Econ. Entomol. 54: 984-987.
47. Santos, M.A. 1976. Evaluation of Zetzellia mali as a predator of Panonychus ulmi and Aculus schlechtendali. Environ. Entomol. 5: 187-191.
48. Santos, M.A. 1982. Effect of low prey densities on the predation and oviposition of Zetzellia mali (Acarina: Stigmaeidae). Environ. Entomol. 11: 972-974.
49. Santos, M.A. 1984. Effects of host plant on the predator-prey cycle of Zetzellia mali (Acari: Stigmaadae) and its prey. Environ. Entomol. 13: 65-69.
50. Schemske, D.W. and Horvitz, C.C. 1988. Plant-animal interactions and fruit production in a new tropical herb: a path analysis. Ecology 69: 1128-1137.
51. Solomon, M.G. 1975. The colonization of an apple orchard by predators of the fruit tree red spider mite. Ann. Appl. Biol. 80: 119-122.
52. Sternlicht, M., Regev, S and Goldenberg, S. 1975. Effect of chemical element deficiences in nutrient solutions on the reproduction of Aceria sheldoni (Ewing) (Acarina, Eriophyidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 65: 433-442.
53. Strauss, S.Y. 1991. Indirect effects in community ecology: their definition, study and importance. Trends Ecol. Evol. 6: 206-210.
54. van de Vrie, M. and Delver, P. 1979. Nitrogen fertilization of fruit trees and its consequences for the development of Panonychus ulmi populations and the growth of fruit trees. Recent Adv. Acarol. 1: 23-30.
55. Walde, S.J. 1991. Patch dynamics of a phytophagous mite population: effect of number of subpopulations. Ecology 72: 1591-1598.
56. Walde, S.J. 1994. Immigration and the dynamics of a predator-prey interaction in biological control. J. Animal Ecol. 63: 337-346.
57. Walde, S.J. 1995a. How quality of host plant affects a predator-prey interaction in biological control. Ecology 76: 1206-1219.
58. Walde, S.J. 1995b. Internal dynamics and metapopulations: experimental tests with predator-prey systems. In Population dynamics, N. Cappuccino and P.W. Price (eds), pp. 173-193. Academic Press Inc.
59. Walde, S.J., Nyrop, J.P and Hardman, J.M. 1992. Dynamics of Panonychus ulmi and Typhlodromus pyri: factors contributing to persistence. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 14: 261-291.
60. Walde, S.J., Magagula, C. and Morton, M.L. 1995. Feeding preference of Zetzellia mali: Does absolute or relative abundance of prey matter more? Exp. Appl. Acarol. 19: 307-317.
61. Wermelinger, B.J., Oertli, J. and Baumgartner, J. 1991. Environmental factors affecting the life-tables of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). III. Host plant nutrition. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 12: 259-274.
62. Wesser, S.D. and Armbruster, W.S 1991. Species distribution controls across a forest-steppe transition: a causal mode and experimental test. Ecol. Monogr. 61: 323-342.
63. Wilbur, H.M. and Fauth, J.E. 1990. Experimental aquatic food webs: interactions between two predators and two prey. Am. Nat. 135: 176-204.
64. Wilkinson, L., Hill, M., Howe, P., Birkenbeuel, G., Beck, J. and Liu, J. 1994. SYSTAT for DOS: Advanced Applications, Version 6 Edition. SYSTAT, Inc., Evanston, IL.
65. Woolhouse, M.E.J. and Harmsen, R. 1984. The mite complex on the foliage of a pesticide-free apple orchard: population dynamics and habitat associations. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ontario 115: 1-11.
66. Wooten, J.T. 1994a Predicting direct and indirect effects: an integrated approach using experiments and path analysis. Ecology 75: 151-165.
67. Wooten, J.T. 1994b. The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. 25: 443-466.
68. Wright, S. 1934. The method of path coefficients. Ann. Math. Stat. 5: 161-215.