Stem cells and differentiation stages in the limbo-corneal epithelium

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 223-255

  Wolosin, J Mario ^a   Xiong, Xiaoling ^a   Schütte, Michael ^a   Stegman, Zeev ^a   Tieng, Andrea ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; ENOLASE; GLYCOCONJUGATE; ION CHANNEL; MELANIN; PROTEIN KINASE; TRANSKETOLASE;

AUTOREGULATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL JUNCTION; CELL MATURATION; CORNEA EPITHELIUM; CORNEA LIMBUS; GAP JUNCTION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PIGMENTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SIALYLATION; STEM CELL; TISSUE REGENERATION;

ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; EPITHELIAL CELLS; FORECASTING; HUMANS; LIMBUS CORNEAE; STEM CELLS;

EID: 0033990881     PISSN: 13509462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1350-9462(99)00005-1     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Aitken, D., Friend, J., Thoft, R. A. and Lee, W. R. (1988) An ultrastructural study of rabbit ocular surface trans-differentiation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2, 224-231.
2. Ando-Akatsuka, Y., Yonemura, S., Itoh, M., Furuse, M. and Tsukita, S. (1999) Differential behavior of E-cadherin and occludin in their colocalization with ZO-1 during the establishment of epithelial cell polarity. J. Cell Physiol. 179, 115-125.
3. Barrandon, Y. and Green, H. (1985) Cell size as a determinant of the clone-forming ability of human keratinocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 5390-5394.
4. Becker, D. L. and Davies, C. S. (1995) Role of gap junctions in the development of the preimplantation mouse embryo. Microsc. Res. Tech. 31, 364-374.
5. Beebe, D. C. and Masters, B. R. (1996) Cell lineage and the differentiation of corneal epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37, 1815-1825.
6. Berthoud, V. M., Ledbetter, M. L., Hertzberg, E. L. and Saez, J. C. (1992) Connexin43 in MDCK cells: regulation by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester and Ca2+. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 57, 40-50.
7. Bhalla, U. S. and Iyengar, R. (1999) Emergent properties of networks of biological signaling pathways. Science 283, 381-387.
8. Blaylock, W. K., Yue, B. Y. and Robin, J. B. (1995) The use of concanavalin A to competitively inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to rabbit corneal epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36, 634-643.
9. Boyce, S. T. and Ham, R. (1983) Calcium-regulated differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes in chemically defined clonal culture and serum-free serial culture. J. Invest. Dermatol. 81, 33S-40S.
10. Chaloin-Dufau, C., Sun, T. T. and Dhouailly, D. (1990) Appearance of the keratin pair K3/K12 during embryonic and adult corneal epithelial differentiation in the chick and in the rabbit. Cell Differ. Dev. 32, 97-108.
11. Chammas, R., Veiga, S. S., Travassos, L. R. and Brentani, R. R. (1993) Functionally distinct roles for glycosylation of alpha and beta integrin chains in cell-matrix interactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 1795-1799.
12. Chang, C. C., Trosko, J. E., el-Fouly, M. H., Gibson-D'Ambrosio, R. E. and D'Ambrosio, S. M. (1987) Contact insensitivity of a subpopulation of normal human fetal kidney epithelial cells and of human carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res. 47, 1634-1645.
13. Chen, J. J. and Tseng, S. C. (1990) Corneal epithelial wound healing in partial limbal deficiency. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 31, 1301-1314.
14. Chen, M., Wang, Y., Begley, G. C. and Wolosin, J. M. (1994a) Synthesis of rabbit corneal epithelial glycocalyx in vitro. Exp. Eye Res. 58, 267-276.
15. Chen, W. Y. W., Mui, M. M., Kao, W. W-Y., Liu, C-Y. and Tseng, S. C. G. (1994b) Conjunctival epithelial cells do not transdifferentiate in organotypic cultures: expression of K12 keratin is restricted to corneal epithelium. Curr. Eye Res. 13, 765-778.
16. Chung, E. H., Bukusoglu, G. and Zieske, J. D. (1992) Localization of corneal epithelial stem cells in the developing rat. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33, 2199-2206.
17. Civin, C. I. (1992) Identification and positive selection of human progenitor/stem cells for bone marrow transplantation. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 377, 461-472, discussion 473.
18. Cotsarelis, G., Cheng, S. Z., Dong, G., Sun, T. T. and Lavker, R. M. (1989) Existence of slow-cycling limbal epithelial basal cells that can be preferentially stimulated to proliferate: implications on epithelial stem cells. Cell 57, 201-209.
19. Cotsarelis, G., Kaur, P., Dhouailly, D., Hengge, U. and Bickenbach, J. (1999) Epithelial stem cells in the skin: definition, markers, localization and functions. Exp. Dermatol. 8, 80-88.
20. Davanger, M. and Evensen, A. (1971) Role of the pericorneal papillary structure in renewal of corneal epithelium. Nature 229, 560-561.
21. Dong, Y., Roos, M., Gruijters, T., Donaldson, P., Bullivant, S., Beyer, E. and Kistler, J. (1994) Differential expression of two gap junction proteins in corneal epithelium. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 64, 95-100.
22. el-Fouly, M. H., Trosko, J. E. and Chang, C. C. (1987) Scrape-loading and dye transfer. A rapid and simple technique to study gap junctional intercellular communication. Exp. Cell Res. 168, 422-430.
23. Field, M. C. and Wainwright, L. J. (1995) Molecular cloning of eukaryotic glycoprotein and glycolipid glycosyltransferases: a survey. Glycobiology 5, 463-472.
24. Fliedner, T. M. (1998) The role of blood stem cells in hematopoietic cell renewal. Stem Cells 16, 361-374.
25. Galvin, S., Loomis, C., Manabe, M., Dhouailly, D. and Sun, T. T. (1989) The major pathways of keratinocyte differentiation as defined by keratin expression: an overview. Adv. Dermatol. 4, 277-299.
26. Gillespie, W., Paulson, J. C., Kelm, S., Pang, M. and Baum, L. G. (1993) Regulation of alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase expression correlates with conversion of peanut agglutinin (PNA)+ to PNA- phenotype in developing thymocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3801-3804.
27. Gipson, I. K., Riddle, C. V., Kiorpes, T. C. and Spurr, S. J. (1983) Lectin binding to cell surfaces: comparisons between normal and migrating corneal epithelium. Dev. Biol. 96, 337-345.
28. Gipson, I. K., Spurr-Michaud, S. J., Tisdale, A. S., Kublin, C., Cintron, C. and Keutmann, H. (1995) Stratified squamous epithelia produce mucin-like glycoproteins. Tissue Cell 27, 397-404.
29. Goodenough, D. A., Goliger, J. A. and Paul, D. L. (1996) Connexins, connexons, and intercellular communication. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65, 475-502.
30. Guo, J., Sax, C. M., Piatigorsky, J. and Xu, F. X. (1997) Heterogeneous expression of transketolase in ocular tissues. Curr. Eye Res. 16, 467-474.
31. Hazlett, L. D. and Mathieu, P. (1989) Glycoconjugates on corneal epithelial surface: effect of neuraminidase treatment. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 37, 1215-1224.
32. Hazlett, L. D., Rudner, X., Masinick, S., Ireland, M. and Gupta, S. (1995) In the immature mouse, Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili bind a 57-kd (alpha 2-6) sialylated corneal epithelial cell surface protein: a first step in infection. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36, 634-643.
33. Huang, A. J. and Tseng, S. C. (1991) Corneal epithelial wound healing in the absence of limbal epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32, 96-105.
34. Itoh, M., Morita, K. and Tsukita, S. (1999) Characterization of ZO-2 as a MAGUK family member associated with tight as well as adherens junctions with a binding affinity to occludin and alpha catenin. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5981-5986.
35. Jaison et al. (1998) Binding of Acanthamoeba to mannose-glycoproteins of corneal epithelium: effect of injury Curr. Eye Res. 17, 70-76.
36. Jester, J. V., Moller-Pedersen, T., Huang, J., Sax, C. M., Kays, W. T., Cavangh, H. D. and Petroll, W. M, Piatigorsky J. (1999) The cellular basis of corneal transparency: evidence for "corneal crystallins". J. Cell Sci. 112, 613-622.
37. Jones, P. H., Harper, S. and Watt, F. M. (1995) Stem cell patterning and fate in human epidermis. Cell 80, 83-93.
38. Joyce, N. C., Meklir, B., Joyce, S. J. and Zieske, J. D. (1996) Cell cycle protein expression and proliferative status in human corneal cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37, 645-655.
39. Joyce, N. C. and Zieske, J. D. (1997) Transforming growth factor-beta receptor expression in human cornea. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 38, 1922-1928.
40. Kays, W. T. and Piatigorsky, J. (1997) Aldehyde dehydrogenase class 3 expression: identification of a cornea-preferred gene promoter in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 13594-13599.
41. Keeble, S. and Watt, F. M. (1990) Characterization of the peanut lectin-binding glycoproteins of human epidermal keratinocytes. Differentiation 43, 139-145.
42. Kim, D. Y., Kam, Y., Koo, S. K. and Joe, C. O. (1999) Gating connexin 43 channels reconstituted in lipid vesicles by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5581-5587.
43. Kitagawa, H. and Paulson, J. C. (1994) Cloning of a novel alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase that sialylates glycoprotein and glycolipid carbohydrate groups. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1394-1401.
44. Klyce, S. D. (1972) Electrical profiles in the corneal epithelium. J. Physiol. (Lond). 226, 407-429.
45. Klyce, S. D. (1975) Transport of Na, Cl, and water by the rabbit corneal epithelium at resting potential. Am. J. Physiol. 228, 1446-1452.
46. Kolega, J., Manabe, M. and Sun, T. T. (1989) Basement membrane heterogeneity and variation in corneal epithelial differentiation. Differentiation 42, 54-63.
47. Koroma, B. M., Yang, J. M. and Sundin, O. H. (1997) The Pax-6 homeobox gene is expressed throughout the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 38, 108-120.
48. Kruse, F. E., Chen, J. J., Tsai, R. J. and Tseng, S. C. (1990) Conjunctival transdifferentiation is due to the incomplete removal of limbal basal epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 31, 1903-1913.
49. Kumar, N. M. and Gilula, N. B. (1992) Molecular biology and genetics of gap junction channels. Semin. Cell Biol. 3, 3-16.
50. Kurpakus, M. A., Stock, E. L. and Jones, J. C. (1990) Expression of the 55-kD/64-kD corneal keratins in ocular surface epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 31, 448-456.
51. Kurpakus, M. A., Maniaci, M. T. and Esco, M. (1994) Expression of keratins K12, K4 and K14 during development of ocular surface epithelium. Curr. Eye Res. 13, 805-814.
52. Lavker, R. M., Dong, G., Cheng, S. Z., Kudoh, K., Cotsarelis, G. and Sun, T. T. (1991) Relative proliferative rates of limbal and corneal epithelia. Implications of corneal epithelial migration, circadian rhythm, and suprabasally located DNA-synthesizing keratinocytes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32, 1864-1875.
53. Leblond, C. P. (1981) The life history of cells in renewing systems. Am. J. Anal. 160, 114-158.
54. Ljubimov, A. V., Burgeson, R. E., Butkowski, R. J., Michael, A. F., Sun, T. T. and Kenney, M. C. (1995) Human corneal basement membrane heterogeneity: topographical differences in the expression of type IV collagen and laminin isoforms. Lab. Invest. 72, 461-173.
55. Lo, C. W. (1996) The role of gap junction membrane channels in development. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 28, 379-385.
56. Loewenstein, W. R. (1981) Junctional intercellular communication: the cell-to-cell membrane channel. Physiol. Rev. 61, 829-913.
57. Marshall, W. S. and Klyce, S. D. (1983) Cellular and paracellular pathway resistances in the "tight" Cl-secreting epithelium of rabbit cornea. J. Memb. Biol. 73, 275-282.
58. Matic, M., Petrov, I. N., Chen, S., Wang, C., Dimitrijevich, S. D. and Wolosin, J. M. (1997) Stem cells of the corneal epithelium lack connexins and metabolite transfer capacity. Differentiation 61, 251-260.
59. Matic, M., Petrov, I., Stegman, Z., Buku, A. and Wolosin, J. M. (1998) Differentiation dependent expression of α2,3 sialyltransferase in rabbit corneal epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39, 905-912.
60. Michel, M., Torok, N., Godbout, M. J., Lussier, M., Gaudreau, P., Royal, A. and Germain, L. (1996) Keratin 19 as a biochemical marker of skin stem cells in vivo and in vitro: keratin 19 expressing cells are differentially localized in function of anatomic sites, and their number varies with donor age and culture stage. J. Cell Sci. 109(Pt 5), 1017-1028.
61. Moll, R., Franke, W. W., Schiller, D. L., Geiger, B. and Krepler, R. (1982) The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell 31, 11-24.
62. Morita, K., Furuse, M., Fujimoto, K. and Tsukita, S. (1999) Claudin multigene family encoding four-transmembrane domain protein components of tight junction strands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 511-516.
63. Moyer, P. D., Kaufman, A. H., Zhang, Z., Kao, C. W., Spaulding, A. G. and Kao, W. W. (1995) Conjunctival epithelial cells can resurface denuded cornea, but do not transdifferentiate to express cornea-specific keratin 12 following removal of limbal epithelium in mouse. Differentiation 60, 31-38.
64. Panjwani, N., Moulton, P., Alroy, J. and Baum, J. (1986) Localization of lectin binding sites in human, cat, and rabbit corneas. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 27, 1280-1284.
65. x-glycoconjugates of corneal epithelium: their potential role in corneal epithelial differntiation and cell-cell adhesion. Glycobiology 6, 748.
66. Paul, D. L. et al. (1995) Expression of a dominant negative inhibitor of intercellular communication in the early Xenopus embryo causes delamination and extrusion of cells. Development 121, 371-381.
67. Pavlovitch, J. H., Rizk-Rabin, M., Jaffray, P., Hoehn, H. and Poot, M. (1991) Characteristics of homogeneously small keratinocytes from newborn rat skin: possible epidermal stem cells. Am. J. Physiol. 261, C964-C972.
68. Pellegrini, G., Traverso, C. E., Franzi, A. T., Zingirian, M., Cancedda, R. and De Luca, M. (1997) Long-term restoration of damaged corneal surfaces with autologous cultivated corneal epithelium. Lancet 349, 990-993.
69. Piatigorsky, J. (1998) Gene sharing in lens and cornea: facts and implications. Prog. Retin. Eye. Res. 17, 145-174.
70. Pillai, S., Bikle, D. D., Mancianti, M. L., Cline, P. and Hincenbergs, M. (1990) Calcium regulation of growth and differentiation of normal human keratinocytes: modulation of differentiation competence by stages of growth and extracellular calcium. J. Cell Physiol. 143, 294-302.
71. Pinero, G. J., Parker, S., Rundus, V., Herzberg, E. L. and Minkolf, R. (1994) Immunolocalization of connexin 43 in the tooth germ of the neonatal rat. Histochem. J. 26, 765-770.
72. Potter, C. S. and Loeffler, M. (1994) Stem cells, attributes, cycles, spirals, pitfalls and uncertainties.
73. Rajasekaran, A. K., Hojo, M., Huima, T. and Rodriguez-Boulan, E. (1996) Catenins and zonula occludens-1 form a complex during early stages in the assembly of tight junctions. J. Cell Biol. 132, 451-463.
74. Rao, S. K., Rajagopal, R., Sitalakshmi, G. and Padmanabhan, P. (1999) Limbal allografting from related live donors for corneal surface reconstruction. Ophthalmology 106, 822-828.
75. Rheinwald, J. G. and Green, H. (1975) Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes: the formation of keratinizing colonies from single cells. Cell 6, 331-343.
76. Schermer, A., Galvin, S. and Sun, T. T. (1986) Differentiation-related expression of a major 64 K corneal keratin in vivo and in culture suggests limbal location of corneal epithelial stem cells. J. Cell Biol. 103, 49-62.
77. Schofield, R. (1983) The stem cell system. Biomed. Pharmacother. 37, 375-380.
78. Schweizer, J., Kinjo, M., Furstenberger, G. and Winter, H. (1984) Sequential expression of mRNA-encoded keratin sets in neonatal mouse epidermis: basal cells with properties of terminally differentiating cells. Cell 37, 159-170.
79. Sheridan, J. (1977) Cell coupling and cell communication during embryogenesis in cell surface in animal embryogenesis and development. Cell Surf. Revs. 1, 409-447.
80. Shimazaki, J., Yang, H. Y. and Tsubota, K. (1996) Limbal autograft transplantation for recurrent and advanced pterygia. Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers 27, 917-923.
81. Sigal, S. H., Brill, S., Fiorino, A. S. and Reid, L. M. (1992) The liver as a stem cell and lineage system. Am. J. Physiol. 263, G139-G148.
82. Silvestri, F., Banavali, S., Baccarani, M. and Preisler, H. D. (1992) The CD34 hemopoietic progenitor cell associated antigen: biology and clinical applications. Haematologica 77, 265-273.
83. Sokol, J. L., Masur, S. K., Asbell, P. A. and Wolosin, J. M. (1990) Layer-by-layer desquamation of corneal epithelium and maturation of tear-facing membranes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 31, 294-304.
84. Srour, E. F., Brandt, J. E., Briddell, R. A., Leemhuis, T., van Besien, K. and Hoffman, R. (1991) Human D34+ HLA-DR- bone marrow cells contain progenitor cells capable of self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and long-term in vitro hematopoiesis. Blood Cells 17, 287-295.
85. Stepp, M. A., Zhu, L., Sheppard, D. and Cranfill, R. J. (1995) Localized distribution of alpha 9 integrin in the cornea and changes in expression during corneal epithelial cell differentiation. Histochem. Cytochem. 43, 353-362.
86. Sugrue, S. P. and Zieske, J. D. (1997) ZO1 in corneal epithelium: association to the zonula occludens and adherens junctions. Exp. Eye Res. 64, 11-20.
87. SundarRaj, N., Kinchington, P. R., Wessel, H., Goldblatt, B., Hassell, J., Vergnes, J. P. and Anderson, S. C. (1998) A Rho-associated protein kinase: differentially distributed in limbal and corneal epithelia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39, 1266-1272.
88. Tanzer, M. L., Chandrasekaran, S., Dean, J. W. 3rd and Giniger, M. S. (1993) Role of laminin carbohydrates on cellular interactions. Kidney Int. 43, 66-72.
89. Trinkaus-Randall, V. and Gipson, I. K. (1985) A technique for obtaining basal corneal epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26, 233-237.
90. Tsai, R. J. and Tseng, S. C. (1994) Human allograft limbal transplantation for corneal surface reconstruction. Cornea 13, 389-400.
91. Tseng, S. C. and Li, D. Q. (1996) Comparison of protein kinase C subtype expression between normal and aniridic human ocular surfaces: implications for limbal stem cell dysfunction in aniridia. Cornea 15, 168-178.
92. Tseng, S. C., Kruse, F. E., Merritt, J. and Li, D. Q. (1996) Comparison between serum-free and fibroblast-cocultured single-cell clonal culture systems: evidence showing that epithelial anti-apoptotic activity is present in 3T3 fibroblast-conditioned media. Curr. Eye. Res. 15, 973-984.
93. Tsubota, K., Satake, Y., Ohyama, M., Toda, I., Takano, Y., Ono, M., Shinozaki, N. and Shimazaki, J. ([d ]1996) Surgical reconstruction of the ocular surface in advanced ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 122, 38-52.
94. Tsuji, S. (1996) Molecular cloning and functional analysis of sialyltransferases. Biochem. (Tokyo) 120, 1-13.
95. Tuori, A., Uusitalo, H., Burgeson, R. E., Terttunen, J. and Virtanen, I. (1996) The immunohistochemical composition of the human corneal basement membrane. Cornea 15, 286-294.
96. Uchara, F., Ohba, N. and Miyagi, T. (1997) Immunohistochemical localization of cytosolic sialidase in the epithelium of rat cornea and conjunctiva. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 101, 707-710.
97. Wang, Y., Chen, M. and Wolosin, J. M. (1993) ZO-1 in corneal epithelium: stratal distribution and synthesis induction by outer cell removal. Exp. Eye Res. 57, 283-292.
98. Warn-Cramer, B. J., Cottrell, G. T., Burt, J. M. and Lau, A. F. (1998) Regulation of connexin-43 gap junctional intercellular communication by mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9188-9196.
99. Watanabe, H. and Gipson, I. K. (1994) Detection of blood group differences in human corneal epithelium using a monoclonal antibody and lectins. Arch. Ophthalmol. 112, 667-673.
100. Watt, F. M., Keeble, S., Fisher, C., Hudson, D. L., Codd, J. and Salisbury, J. R. (1989) Onset of expression of peanut lectin-binding glycoproteins is correlated with stratification of keratinocytes during human epidermal development in vivo and in vitro. J. Cell Sci. 94(Pt 2), 355-359.
101. Wessel, H., Anderson, S., Fite, D., Halvas, E., Hempel, J. and SundarRaj, N. (1997) Type XII collagen contributes to diversities in human corneal and limbal extracellular matrices. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 38, 2408-2422.
102. Williams, S. C., Altmann, C. R., Chow, R. L., Hemmani-Brivalou, A. and Lang, R. (1998) A highly conserved lens transcriptional control clement from the Pax-6 gene. Mech. Dev. 73, 225-229.
103. Wolosin, J. M. (1988) Regeneration of resistance and ion transport in rabbit corneal epithelium after induced cell exfoliation. J. Membrane Biol. 104, 45-55.
104. Wolosin, J. M. (1991) Gap junctions in rabbit corneal epithelium: limited permeability and inhibition by cAMP. Am. J. Physiol. 261 C857-C864.
105. Wolosin, J. M. and Chen, M. (1993) Ontogeny of epithelial tight junctions: stratal locale of biosynthetic activities. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34, 2655-2664.
106. Wolosin, J. M. and Wang, Y. (1995) α-2,3 Sialylation differentiates the limbal and corneal epithelial cell phenotypes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36, 2277-2286.
107. Wu, W., Punt, J. A., Granger, L., Sharrow, S. O. and Kearse, K. P. (1997) Developmentally regulated expression of peanut agglutinin (PNA)-specific glycans on murine thymocytes. Glycobiology 7, 349-356.
108. Wu, R. L., Zhu, G., Calvin, S., Xu, C., Haseba, T., Chaloin-Dufau, C., Dhouailly, D., Wei, Z. G., Lavker, R. M., Kao, W. Y. and Sun, T. T. (1994) Lineage-specific and differentiation-dependent expression of K12 keratin in rabbit corneal/limbal epithelial cells: cDNA cloning and northern blot analysis. Differentiation 55, 137-144.
109. Ziegler, B. L. and Kanz, L. (1998) Expansion of stem and progenitor cells. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 5, 434-440.
110. Zieske, J. D., Bukusoglu, G. and Yankauckas, M. A. (1992a) Characterization of a potential marker of corneal epithelial stem cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33, 143-152.
111. Zieske, J. D. (1994) Perpetuation of stem cells in the eye. Eye 8(Pt 2), 163-169.
112. Zieske, J. D., Bukusoglu, G., Yankauckas, M. A., Wasson, M. E. and Keutmann, H. T. ((1992b)) Alpha-enolase is restricted to basal cells of stratified squamous epithelium. Dev. Biol. 151, 18-26.