Anesthesia modalities for cataract surgery

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 7-11

  Naor, Joel ^a   Slomovic, Allan R ^a  

^a TORONTO WESTERN HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; LIDOCAINE; TETRACAINE;

ANALGESIA; ANESTHESIA; ARTICLE; CATARACT EXTRACTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; OPTIC NERVE LESION; PERFORATING EYE INJURY; PERIBULBAR ANESTHESIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROBULBAR ANESTHESIA; RETROBULBAR HEMORRHAGE; STRABISMUS; TOPICAL ANESTHESIA;

ANESTHESIA, LOCAL; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL; ANIMALS; CATARACT EXTRACTION; HUMANS; INJECTIONS; OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS; ORBIT; SAFETY;

EID: 0033968246     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00055735-200002000-00003     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. 1 Claoue C: Simplicity and complexity in topical anesthesia for cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:1546-1547.
2. 2 Duker JS, Belmont JB, Benson WE, Brooks HL Jr, Brown GC, Federman JL, et al.: Inadvertent globe perforation during retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia: patient characteristics, surgical management, and visual outcome. Ophthalmology 1991, 98:519-526.
3. 3 Cionni RJ, Osher RH: Retrobulbar hemorrhage. Ophthalmology 1991, 98: 1153-1155.
4. 4 Pautler SE, Grizzard WS, Thompson LN, Wing GL: Blindness from retrobulbar injection into the optic nerve. Ophthal Surg 1986, 17:334-337.
5. 5 Hamilton RC: Brain-stem anesthesia as a complication of regional anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. Can J Ophthalmol 1992, 27:323-325.
6. 6 Capo H, Guyton DL: Ipsilateral hypertropia after cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 1996, 103:721-730.
7. 7 Beltranena HP, Vega MJ, Garcia JJ, Blankenship G: Complications of retrobulbar marcaine injection. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1982, 2:159-161.
8. 8 Learning DV: Practice styles and preferences of ASCRS members-1998 survey. J Cataract Refractive Surg 1999, 25:851-859. Topical anesthesia was used by 37% of the respondents and was more common with high volume surgeons.
9. 9 Hansen TE: Current trends in cataract surgery in Denmark-1997 survey. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1998, 76:707-710.
10. 10 Johnston RL, Whitefield LA, Giralt J, Harrun S, Akerele T, Bryan SJ, et al.: Topical versus peribulbar anesthesia, without sedation, for clear corneal phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:407-410.
11. 11 Virtanen P, Huna T: Pain in scleral pocket incision cataract surgery using topical and peribulbar anesthesia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:1609-1613.
12. 12 Nielsen PJ, Allerod CW: Evaluation of local anesthesia techniques for small incision cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:1136-1144. A unique study design, in which each patient served as their own control. Patients tended to prefer subtenon and topical anesthesia because of the pain associated with the retro/peribulbar injection.
13. 13 Uusitlo RJ, Maunuksela EL, Paloheimo M, Kallio H, Laatikainen L: Converting to topical anesthesia in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25: 432-440. Topical anesthesia provided acceptable analgesia during surgery and showed that intraocular procedures can be performed without akinesia. Surgeons converting from paraocular to topical anesthesia performed only two cataract operations with topical anesthesia before the initiation of the study.
14. 14 Patel BC, Clinch TE, Burns TA, Shomaker ST, Jessen R, Crandall AS: Prospective evaluation of topical versus retrobulbar anesthesia: a converting surgeon's experience. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:853-860.
15. 15 Carino NS, Slomovic AR, Chung F, Marcovich AL: Topical tetracaine versus topical tetracaine plus intracameral lidocaine for cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:1602-1608. Topical tetracaine 0.5% with intracameral lidocaine was safe and effective in patients having phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. The advantage of using intracameral lidocaine 1% over a placebo was a significant decrease in the patients' subjective experience of pain and in the surgeon's satisfaction with the anesthesia used.
16. 16 Crandall AS, Zabriskie NA, Patel BC, Burns TA, Mamalis N, Malmquist-Carter LA, Yee R: A comparison of patient comfort during cataract surgery with topical anesthesia versus topical anesthesia and intracameral lidocaine. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:60-66. Injection of intraocular lidocaine increases patient cooperation and decreases the degree to which patients are bothered by tissue manipulation, two outcomes that justify its use.
17. 17 Tseng SH, Chen FK: A randomized clinical trial of combined topical-intracameral anesthesia in cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 1998, 105: 2007-2011. Although topical lidocaine alone provides adequate anesthesia for phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable IOL, combined topical and intracameral administration of lidocaine can further minimize intraoperative discomfort.
18. 18 Bellucci R, Morselli S, Pucci V, Zordan R, Magnolfi G: Intraocular penetration of topical lidocaine 4%. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:643-647.
19. 19 Behndig A, Linden C: Aqueous humor lidocaine concentrations in topical and intracameral anesthesia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:1598-1601.
20. 20 Gills JP: Intracameral lidocaine. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Atlanta, GA, October-November, 1995.
21. 21 Kim T, Holley GP, Lee JH, Broocker G, Edelhauser HF: The effects of intraocular lidocaine on corneal endothelium. Ophthalmology 1998, 105:125-130. Lidocaine HCL 1% causes a transient endothelial cell edema to the in vitro perfused endothelium of human and rabbit corneas.
22. 22 Anderson NJ, Nath R, Anderson CJ, Edelhauser HF: Comparison of preservative-free bupivacaine vs lidocaine for intracameral anesthesia: a random-ized clinical trial and in vitro analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 1999, 127:393-402. Bupivacaine 0.5% decreased viability of in vitro perfused rabbit corneal endothelial cells.
23. 23 Garcia A, Loureiro F, Limao A, Sampaio A, Ilharco J: Preservative-free lidocaine 1% anterior chamber irrigation as an adjunct to topical anesthesia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:403-406.
24. 24 Martin RG, Miller JD, Cox CC III, Ferrel SC, Raanan MG: Safety and efficacy of intracameral injections of unpreserved lidocaine to reduce intraocular sensation. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:961-963.
25. 25 Anderson NJ, Woods WD, Kim T, Rudnick DE, Edelhauser HF: Intracameral anesthesia, in vitro iris and corneal uptake and washout of 1% lidocaine hydrochloride. Arch Ophthalmol 1999, 117:225-232. Irrigation during phacoemulsification seems to limit lidocaine exposure to the ocular tissues.
26. 26 Liang C, Peyman GA, Sun G: Toxicity of intraocular lidocaine and bupivacaine. Am J Ophthalmol 1998, 125:191-196.
27. 27 Christie JL: Fatal consequences of local anesthesia: report of five cases and a review of the literature. J Forensic Sci 1976, 21:671 -679.
28. 28 Wirbelauer C, Iven H, Bastian C, Laqua H: Systemic levels of lidocaine after intracameral injection during cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:648-651.
29. 29 Masket S, Gokmen F: Efficacy and safety of intracameral lidocaine as a supplement to topical anesthesia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998, 24:956-960.
30. 30 Barequet IS, Soriano ES, Green WR, O'Brien TP: Provision of anesthesia with single application of lidocaine 2% gel. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:626-631.
31. 31 Koch PS: Efficacy of lidocaine 2% jelly as a topical agent in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:632-634.
32. 32 Assia EI, Pras E, Yehezkel M, Rotenstreich Y, Jager-Roshu S: Topical anesthesia using lidocaine gel for cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:635-639.
33. 33 Jackson K, Vote D: Multiple cranial nerve palsies complicating retrobulbar eye block. Anaesth Intensive Care 1998, 26:662-664.
34. 34 Tsilimbaris MK, Karabekios S, Kozobolis VP, Velegrakis G, Pallikaris IG: Needle entrance into the maxillary sinus during retrobulbar anesthesia. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998, 29:602-605.
35. 35 Spierer A, Schwalb E: Superior oblique muscle paresis after sub-Tenon's anesthesia for cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:144-145.