A study of interval breast cancer within the NHS breast screening programme

Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 140-146

  Cowan, W K ^a   Angus, B ^b   Gray, J C ^c   Lunt, L G ^a   Ramedan Al Tamimi, S ^b  

^a QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL VICTORIA INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^c TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Breast cancer screening; Interval cancer

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; KI 67 ANTIGEN; ONCOPROTEIN; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN MDM2; PROTEIN P53;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER GRADING; CANCER INVASION; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER SIZE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAMMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; KI-67 ANTIGEN; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; PROGNOSIS; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD; STATE MEDICINE; TIME FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 0033964898     PISSN: 00219746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.53.2.140     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. 1 DeGroote R, Rush BF, Milazzo J, et al. Interval breast cancer: a more aggressive subset of breast neoplasias. Surgery 1983;94:543-7.
2. 2 Koivunen D, Zhang X, Blackwell C, et al. Interval breast cancers are not biologically distinct - just more difficult to diagnose. Am J Surg 1994;169:538-42.
3. 3 Quénel N, Wafflart J, Bonichon F, et al. The prognostic value of c-erbB-2 in primary breast carcinomas: a study of 942 cases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1995;35:283-91.
4. 4 Osborne CK. Steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer management. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998,51:227-38.
5. 5 Albertazzi E, Cajone F, Leone BE, et al. Expression of metastasis-associated genes h-mts (S100A4) and nm23 in carcinoma of breast is related to disease progression. DNA Cell Biol 1998;17:335-42.
6. 6 Page DL, Jensen RA, Simpson JF. Routinely available indicators of prognosis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998;51:195-208.
7. 7 Bosari S, Viale G. The clinical significance of p53 aberrations in human tumours. Virchows Arch 1995;427: 229 41.
8. 8 O'Neill M, Campbell SJ, Save V, et al. An immunochemical analysis of mdm2 expression in human breast cancer and the identification of a growth-regulated cross-reacting species p170. J Pathol 1998;186:2 54-61.
9. 9 Simpson W, Neilson F, Young JR. The identification of false negatives in a population of interval cancers: a method for audit of screening mammography. Breast 1995;4: 183-8.
10. 10 Lunt LG, Cowan WK, Cunliffe WJ, et al. Too many-biopsies: correlation of radiological assessment with biopsy findings in a prevalent screening programme. Eur J Oncol 1991;17:107-8.
11. 11 Royal College of Pathologists Working Group. Pathology reporting in breast cancer screening. J Clin Pathol 1991 ;44: 710-25.
12. 12 Haybittle JL, Blamey RW, Elston CW, et al. A prognostic index in primary breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1982;45: 361-6.
13. 13 Shi SR, Key ME, Kalra KL. Antigen retrieval in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues: an enhancement method for immunohistochemical staining based on microwave oven heating of tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem 1991; 39:741-8.
14. 14 Wright C, Angus B, Nicholson S, et al. Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein; a prognostic indicator in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1989;49:2087 90.
15. 15 Burhenne HJ, Burhenne LW, Goldberg F, et al. Interval breast cancers in the screening mammography program of British Columbia: analysis and classification. Am J Roentgenol 1994;162:1067-71.
16. 16 Peeters PHM, Verbeek ALM, Hendriks JHCL, et al. The occurrence of interval cancers in the Nijmegen screening programme. Br J Cancer 1989;59:929-32.
17. 17 Brekelmans CT, van Gorp JM, Peeters PH, et al. Histopathology and growth rate of interval breast carcinoma. Cancer 1996;78:1220-8.
18. 18 Day N, McCann J, Camilleri-Ferrante C, et al. Monitoring interval cancers in breast screening programmes: the East Anglian experience. J Med Screen 1995;2:180-5.
19. 19 Faux AM, Richardson DC, Lawrence GM, et al Interval breast cancers in the NHS Breast Screening Programme: does the current definition exclude too many? J Med Screen 1997;4:169-73.
20. 20 Sylvester PA, Vipond MN, Kutt E, et al. Rate and classification of intervals cancers in the breast screening programme. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1997;79:276-7.
21. 21 Guy M. Guidelines for the identification of interval breast cancers. NHSBSP, East Anglian Regional Health Authority, 1991.
22. 22 Duncan AA, Wallis MG. Classifying interval cancers. Clin Radiol 1995;50:774-7.
23. 23 Jones RD, McLean L, Young JR, et al. Proportion of cancers detected at the first incident screen which were false negative at the prevalent screen. Breast 1996;5:339-43.
24. 24 Von Rosen A, Erhardt K, Hellström I., et al. Assessment of malignancy potential in so-called interval mammary carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1985;6:221-7.
25. 25 Frisell J, Von Rosen A, Wiege M, et al. Interval cancer and survival in a randomized breast cancer screening trial in Stockholm. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1992;24:11 16.
26. 26 Duffy SW, Tabar L, Fagerberg G, et al. Breast screening, prognostic factors and survival - results from the Swedish two county study. Br J Cancer 1991;64:1133-8.
27. 27 Anderson TJ, Lamb J, Donnan P, et al. Comparative pathology of breast cancer in a randomised trial of screening. Br J Cancer 1991;64:108 13.
28. 28 Cowan WK, Kelly P, Sawan A, et al. The pathological and biological nature of screen-detected breast carcinomas: a morphological and immunohistochemical study. J Pathol 1997;182:29-35.
29. 29 Holmberg LH, Tabar L, Adami HO, et al. Survival in breast cancer diagnosed between mammographie screening examinations. Lancet 1986;ii:27-30.
30. 30 Ørbo A, Stalsberg H, Kunde D. Topographic criteria in the diagnosis of tumor emboli in intramammary lymphatics. Cancer 1990;66:972-7.
31. 31 Carter CL, Allen C, Henson DE. Relation to tumor size, lymph node status, and survival in 24,740 breast cancer cases. Cancer 1989;63:181-7.
32. 32 Andersson I, Aspegren K, Janzon L, et al. Mammographie screening and mortality from breast cancer: the Malmö mammographie screening trial. BMJ 1988;297:943-8.
33. 33 Shapiro S, Venet W, Strax P, et al. Ten-to fourteen-year effect of screening on breast cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 1982;69:349 55.
34. 34 Brekelmans CT, Peeters PH, Deurenberg JJ, et al. Survival in interval breast cancer in the DOM screening programme. Eur J Cancer 1995;31A:1830-5.
35. 35 Collins S, Woodman CBJ, Threlfall A, et al. Survival rates from interval cancer in NHS breast screening programme. BMJ 1998;316:832 3.
36. 36 Schroën AA, Wobbes T, Van der Sluis RF. Interval carcinomas of the breast: a group with intermediate outcome. J Surg Oncol .1996;63:141 4.
37. 37 Holmberg L, Ponten J, Adami H-O. The biology and natural history of breast cancer from the screening perspective. World J Surg 1989;13:25 30.
38. 38 Woodman CBJ, Threlfall AG, Boggis CRM, et al. Is the three year breast screening interval too long? Occurrence of interval cancers in NHS breast screening programme's north western region. BMJ 1995;310: 224-6.
39. 39 Tabar L, Faberberg G, Day NE, et al. What is the optimum interval between mammographie screening examinations? An analysis based on the latest results of the Swedish two-county breast cancer screening trial. Br J Cancer 1987; 55:547-51.
40. 40 Burrell HC, Sibbering DM, Wilson ARM, et al. Screening interval breast cancers: mammographie features and prognostic factors. Radiology 1996;199:811 17.