Treatment of lupus nephritis in children

Pediatric Nephrology

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 158-166

  Niaudet, Patrick ^a  

^a HÔPITAL NECKER ENFANTS MALADES   (France)

Author keywords

Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Lupus nephritis; Oral prednisone; Pulse methylprednisolone

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PREDNISOLONE;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHILD; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; GROWTH RETARDATION; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; KIDNEY BIOPSY; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY GRAFT; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEPHRITIS; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; REMISSION; REVIEW; SYMPTOM; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

EID: 0033951523     PISSN: 0931041X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004670050034     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Tucker LB, Menon S, Schaller JG, Isenberg DA (1995) Adult-and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of onset, clinical features, serology, and outcome. Br J Rheumatol 34:866-872
2. Cameron JS (1989) The treatment of lupus nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 3:350-362
3. Ponticelli C, Moroni G (1998) Renal biopsy in lupus nephritis - what for, when and how often? Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:2452-2454
4. Mahajan SK, Ordonez NG, Feitelson PJ, Lim VS, Spargo BH, Katz AI (1977) Lupus nephropathy without clinical renal involvement. Medicine (Baltimore) 56:493-501
5. McCluskey RT (1975) Lupus nephritis. In: Summers SC (ed) Kidney pathology: decennial. Appleton Lange, New York, pp 456-459
6. Churg J, Berstein J, Glassock RJ (1995) Lupus nephritis. In: Churg J, Berstein J, Glassock RJ (eds) Renal diseases. Classification and atlas of glomerular diseases. Igaku-Shoin, New York, p 151
7. Appel GB, Cohen DJ, Pirani CL, Meltzer JI, Estes D (1987) Long-term follow-up of lupus nephritis: a study based on the WHO classification. Am J Med 83:877-885
8. Balwin DS (1982) Clinical usefulness of the morphological classification of lupus nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2:142-149
9. Austin HA, Munez LR, Joyce KM, Antonovych TA, Kullick ME, Klipper JH, Deckert JL, Balow JE (1983) Prognostic factors in lupus nephritis. Contribution of renal histological data. Am J Med 75:382-391
10. Schwartz MM, Lan SP, Berstein J, Hill GS, Holley K, Lewis EJ, Lupus Nephritis Collaborative Study Group (1992) Role of pathology indices in the management of severe lupus glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 42:743-748
11. Lee HS, Mujais SK, Kasinath BS, Spargo BH, Katz AL (1984) Course of renal pathology in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 77:612-620
12. Schwartz MM, Kawala KS, Corwin H, Lewis EJ (1987) The prognosis of segmental glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Kidney Int 32:274-279
13. Austin HA, Munez LR, Joyce KM (1984) Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis: identification of specific pathologic features affecting renal outcome. Kidney Int 25:689-695
14. Austin HA, Boumpas DT, Vaughan EM, Balow JE (1994) Predicting renal outcomes in severe lupus nephritis: contributions of clinical and histologic data. Kidney Int 45:544-550
15. Esdaile JM, Levinton C, Federgreen W, Hayslett JP, Kashgarian M (1989) The clinical and renal biopsy predictors of long-term outcome in lupus nephritis: a study of 87 patients and review of the literature. Q J Med 72:779-833
16. Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Nefrite Lupica (GISNEL) (1992) Lupus nephritis: prognostic factors and probability of maintaining life-supporting renal function 10 years after the diagnosis. Am J Kidney Dis 19:473-479
17. Donadio JV, Hart GM, Bergtal H, Holley KE (1995) Prognostic determinants in lupus nephritis: a long-term clinicopathologic study. Lupus 4:109-115
18. Appel GB, Valeri A (1994) The course and treatment of lupus nephritis. Annu Rev Med 45:525-537
19. Schwartz MM, Lan SP, Bernstein J, et al (1992) The role of pathology indices in the management of severe lupus glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 42:743-748
20. Iseki K, Miyasato F, Oura T, Uehara H, Nishime K, Fukiyama K (1994) An epidemiologic analysis of end-stage lupus nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 23:547-554
21. Austin HA, Boumpas DT, Vaughan EM, Balow JE (1995) High-risk features of lupus nephritis: importance of race and clinical and histological factors in 166 patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 10:1620-1628
22. Baqi N, Moazami S, Singh A, Ahmad H, Balachandra S, Tejani A (1996) Lupus nephritis in children - a longitudinal study of prognostic factors and therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 7:924-929
23. Colon PJ, Fischer CA, Levesque MC, Smith SR, St Clair EW, Allen NB, Fleming JA, Howell DN (1996) Clinical, biochemical and pathological predictors of poor response to intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis. Clin Nephrol 46:170-175
24. Moroni G, Quaglini S, Maccario M, Banfi G, Ponticelli C (1996) "Nephritic flares" are predictors of bad long-term outcome in lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 50:2047-2053
25. Dooley MA, Hogan S, Jennette C, Palk R, for the Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network (1997) Cyclophosphamide therapy for lupus nephritis: poor renal survival in black Americans. Kidney Int 51:1188-1195
26. Levey AS, Lan SP, Corwin HL, Kasinath BS, Lachin J, Neilson EG, Hunsicker LG, Lewis EJ (1992) Progression and remission of renal disease in the Lupus Nephritis Collaborative Study. Results of treatment with prednisone and short-term oral cyclophosphamide. Ann Intern Med 116:114-123
27. Magil AB, Puterman ML, Ballon HS, Chan V, Lirenman DS, Rae A, Sutton RAL (1988) Prognostic factors in diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 34:511-517
28. McCurdy DK, Lehman TJA, Berstein B, Hanson V, King KK, Nadorra R, Landing BH (1992) Lupus nephritis: prognostic factors in children. Pediatrics 89:240-246
29. Appel GB, Cohen DJ, Pirani CL, Meltzer JI, Estes D (1987) Long-term follow-up of patients with lupus nephritis. A study based on the classification of the World Health Organization. Am J Med 83:877-885
30. Esdaile JM, Abrahamowicz M, MacKenzie T, Hayslett J, Kashgarian M (1994) The time-dependence of long-term prediction in lupus nephritis. Arthritis Rheum 37:359-368
31. Ginzler EM, Diamond HS, Weiner M, Schlesinger M, Fries JF, Wasner C, Medsger TA, Ziegler G, Klippel JH, Hadler NM, Albert DA, Hess EV, Spencer-Green G, Grayzel A, Worth D, Hahn BH, Barnett EV (1982) A multicenter study on outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Entry variables as predictors of prognosis. Arthritis Rheum 25:601-611
32. Esdaile JM, Joseph L, MacKenzie T, Kashgarian M, Hayslett JP (1994) The benefit of early treatment with immunosuppressive agents in lupus nephritis. J Rheumatol 21:2046-2051
33. Yang LY, Chen WP, Lin CY (1994) Lupus nephritis in children - a review of 167 patients. Pediatrics 94:335-340
34. McCurdy DK, Lehman TJA, Berstein B, Hanson V, King KK, Nadorra R, Landing B (1992) Lupus nephritis: prognostic factors in children. Pediatrics 89:240-246
35. Baqi N, Moazami S, Singh A, Ahmad H, Balachandra S, Tejani A (1996) Lupus nephritis in children: a longitudinal study of prognostic factors and therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 7: 924-929
36. Pollak VE, Pirani CL, Kark RM (1961) Effects of large doses of prednisone on the renal lesions and life span of patients with lupus glomerulonephritis. J Lab Clin Med 57:495-511
37. Cathcart ES, Idelson BA, Scheinberg MA, Couser WG (1976) Beneficial effects of methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Lancet I:63-66
38. Kimberly RP, Lockshin MD, Sherman RL, McDougal JS, Inman RD, Christian CL (1981) High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 70:817-824
39. Barron KS, Person DA, Brewer EJ, Beale MG, Robson AM (1982) Pulse methylprednisolone therapy in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. J Pediatr 101:137-141
40. Ponticelli C, Zucchelli P, Moroni G, Cagnoli L, Banfi G, Pasquali S (1987) Long-term prognosis of diffuse lupus nephritis. Clin Nephrol 28:263-271
41. Gourley MF, Austin HA, Scott D, Yarboro CH, Vaughan EM, Muir J, Boumpas DT, Klippel JH, Balow JE, Steinberg AD (1996) Methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, alone or in combination, in patients with lupus nephritis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 125:549-557
42. Donadio JV, Holley KE, Ferguson RH, Ilstrup DM (1978) Treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis with prednisone and combined prednisone and cyclophosphamide. N Engl J Med 299:1151-1155
43. Steinberg AD (1986) The treatment of lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 30:769-787
44. Austin HA, Klippel JH, Balow JE, Leriche NG, Steinberg AD (1986) Therapy of lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 314:614-619
45. Boumpas DT, Austin HA, Vaughn EM, Klippel JH, Steinberg AD, Yarboro CH, Balow JE (1992) Controlled-trial of pulse methylprednisolone versus two regimen of pulse cyclophosphamide in severe lupus nephritis. Lancet 340:741-745
46. Appel GB (1997) Cyclophosphamide therapy of severe lupus nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 30:872-878
47. Felson DT, Anderson J (1984) Evidence for the superiority of immunosuppressive drugs and prednisone over prednisone alone in lupus nephritis. Results of a pooled analysis. N Engl J Med 311:1528-1533
48. Steinberg AD, Steinberg SC (1991) Long-term preservation of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis receiving treatment that includes cyclophosphamide versus those treated with prednisone only. Arthritis Rheum 34:945-950
49. McCune WJ, Golbus J, Zeldes W, Bohlke P, Dunne R, Fox DA (1988) Clinical and immunologic effects of monthly administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 318:1423-1431
50. Valeri A, Radhakrishnan J, Estes D, D'Agati V, Kopelman R, Pernis A, Flis R, Pirani C, Appel GB (1994) Intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide treatment of severe lupus nephritis: a prospective five-year study. Clin Nephrol 42:71-78
51. Balow JE, Boumpas DT, Fessler BJ, Austin HA (1996) Management of lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 49:S88-S92
52. Lehman TJA, Sherry DD, Wagner-Weiner L (1989) Intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy in lupus nephritis. J Pediatr 114:1055-1060
53. Pryor BD, Bologna SG, Kahl LE (1996) Risk factors for serious infection during treatment with cyclophosphamide and high-dose corticosteroids for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 39:1475-1482
54. Boumpas DT, Austin HA, Vaughan EM, Yarboro CH, Klippel JH, Balow JE (1993) Risk of sustained amenorrhea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy. Ann Intern Med 119: 366-369
55. Hebert LA, Dillon JJ, Middendorf DF, Lewis EJ, Peter JB (1995) Relationship between appearance of urinary red blood cell/white blood cell casts and onset of renal relapse in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Kidney Dis 26:432-438
56. Borg EJ ter, Horst G, Hummel EJ, Limburg PC, Kallenberg CG (1990) Measurement of increases in anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels as a predictor of disease exacerbation in systemic lupus erythematosus. A long-term, prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 33:634-643
57. Leblanc BA, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB (1994) Serologically active clinically quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus - predictors of clinical flares. J Rheumatol 21:2239
58. Pasquali S, Banfi G, Zucchelli A, Maroni G, Ponticelli C, Zucchelli P (1993) Lupus nephropathy: long-term outcome. Clin Nephrol 39:175-182
59. Sloan RP, Schwanz MM, Korbet SM, Borok RZ (1996) Long-term outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus membranous glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 7:299-305
60. Moroni G, Maccario M, Banfi G, Quaglini S, Ponticelli C (1998) Treatment of membranous lupus nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 31:681-686
61. Radhakrishnan J, Kunis CL, Dagati V, Appel GB (1994) Cyclosporine treatment of lupus membranous nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 42:147-154
62. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Lan SP, Rohde RD, Lachin JM (1992) A controlled trial of plasmapheresis therapy during severe lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 326:1373-1379
63. Jordan SC, Ho W, Ettenger R, Salusky IB, Fine RN (1987) Plasma exchange improves glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus in selected pediatric patients. Pediatr Nephrol 1:276-280
64. Dau PC, Callaghan J, Parker R, Golbus J (1991) Immunologic effects of plasmapheresis synchronized with pulse cyclophosphamide in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 18: 227-276
65. Lin CY, Hsu HC, Chiang H (1989) Improvement of histological and immunological changes in steroid and immunosuppressive drug-resistant lupus nephritis by high dose IgG. Nephron 53:303-310
66. Oliet A, Hernandez E, Gallar P, Vigil A (1992) High-dose intravenous gamma-globulin in systemic lupus erythematosus (letter). Nephron 62:465
67. Favre H, Miescher PA, Huang YP, Chatelunat F, Mihatsch MJ (1989) Cyclosporin in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Am J Nephrol 9:S57-S60
68. Cheigh JS, Stenzl KH (1993) End-stage renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Kidney Dis 21:2-8
69. Berden JHM (1997) Lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 52:538-558
70. Leaker B, Fairley KF, Dowling J, Kinkaid-Smith P (1987) Lupus nephritis: clinical and pathological correlation. Q J Med 238:163-179
71. Nossent JC, Swaak AJG, Berden JHM (1990) Systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of disease activity in 55 patients with end stage renal failure with hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am J Med 89:169-174
72. Nossent JC, Swaak AJG, Berden JHM (1991) Systemic lupus erythematosus after renal transplantation: patient and graft survival and disease activity. Ann Intern Med 114:183-188
73. Goss JA, Cole BR, Jendrisak MD, McCullough CS, So SKS, Windus DW, Hanto DW (1991) Renal transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus and recurrent lupus nephritis. A sinele center experience and review of the literature. Transplantation 52:805-810
74. Mojcik CF, Klippel JH (1996) End-stage renal disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 101:100-107