Coral bleaching in the Southern Seychelles during the 1997-1998 Indian Ocean warm event

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volumn 40, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 569-586

  Spencer, Thomas ^a   Teleki, Kristian A ^a   Bradshaw, Clare ^b   Spalding, Mark D ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

El Nino; ENSO; Global environmental change; Indian Ocean; Ocean warming; Sea surface temperature

Indexed keywords

CORAL BLEACHING; CORAL REEF; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WARMING;

BLEACHING; DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; INDIAN OCEAN; INVERTEBRATE; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SEYCHELLES;

(WEST); INDIAN OCEAN; SEYCHELLES;

ANTHOZOA;

EID: 0033948728     PISSN: 0025326X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00026-6     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Allan, R. J., Lindesay, J. A. and Parker, D. (1996) El Niño Southern Oscillation and Climatic Variability. CSIRO, Melbourne 405pp.
2. Barnes, J., Bellamy, D. J., Jones, D. J., Whitton, B., Drew, E., Kenyon, L., Lythgoe, J. N. and Rosen, B.R. (1971) Morphology and ecology of the reef front of Aldabra. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 28, 87-114.
3. Bigg, G. R. (1996) The Oceans and Climate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xii + 266 pp.
4. Brock, J. C., McClain, C. R. and Hay, W. W. (1992) A southwest monsoon hydrographic climatology for the northwestern Arabian Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 9455-9465.
5. Brown, B. E. (1997) Coral bleaching: causes and consequences. Coral Reefs 16, S129-S138.
6. Brown, B. E., Dunne, R. P. and Chansang, H. (1996) Coral bleaching relative to elevated seawater temperature in the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) over the last 50 years. Coral Reefs 15, 151-152.
7. Brown, B. E. and Ogden, J. C. (1993) Coral bleaching. American Scientist 268, 64-70.
8. Brown, B. E. and Surharsono (1990) Damage and recovery of coral reefs affected by El Niño related seawater warming in the Thousand Islands, Indonesia. Coral Reefs 8, 163-170.
9. Bryant, D., Burke, L., McManus, J. and Spalding, M. (1998) Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Potential Threats to the World's Coral Reefs. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 56pp.
10. Caron, J. M. and O'Brien, J. J. (1998) The generation of synthetic sea surface temperature data for the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Monthly Weather Review 126, 2809-2821.
11. Chambers, D. P., Tapley, B. D. and Stewart, R. H. (1999) Anomalous warming in the Indian Ocean coincident with El Niño. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 3035-3047.
12. Charles, C. D., Hunter, D. E. and Fairbanks, R. G. (1997) Interaction between the ENSO and the Asian monsoon in a coral record of tropical climate. Science 211, 925-928.
13. Climate Diagnostics Center (1998) Multivariate ENSO index. Online. Available: www.cdc.noaa.gov/ENSO/enso-mei_index.html. July 1998.
14. Cook, C. B., Logan, A., Ward, J., Luckhurst, B. and Berg, C. J. Jr. (1990) Elevated temperatures and bleaching on a high latitude coral reef: The 1988 Bermuda event. Coral Reefs 9, 45-49.
15. Davies, J. M., Dunne, R. P. and Brown, B. E. (1997) Coral bleaching and elevated sea-water temperature in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, 1996. Marine and Freshwater Research 48, 513-516.
16. Drew, E. A. (1977) A photographic survey down the sea-front slope of Aldabra Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin 193, 1-7.
17. English, S., Wilkinson, C. and Baker, V. (1997) Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources (2nd ed.). AIMS, Cape Ferguson, x + 390pp.
18. Fagoonee, I., Wilson, H. B., Hassell, M. P. and Turner, J. R. (1999) The dynamics of zooxanthellae populations: a long-term study in the field. Science 283, 843-845.
19. Faure, G., Guillaume, M., Payri, C., Thomassin, B. A., Van Praet, M. and Vasseur, P. (1984) Sur un phénomène remarquable de blanchiment et de mortalité massive des madréporaires dans le complexe de l'ile Mayotte (SW Océan Indien) Comptes Rendus de L' Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie III 299, 637-642.
20. Gardiner, J. S. (1926-1936) Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 12-19.
21. Ginsburg, R. N. (1993) Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health Hazards and History. University of Miami, Miami, 420 pp.
22. Gleason, M. G. (1993) Effects of disturbance on coral communities -bleaching in Moorea, French-Polynesia. Coral Reefs 12, 193-201.
23. Glynn, P. W. (1984) Widespread coral mortality and the 1982/83 El Niño warming event. Environmental Conservation 11, 133-146.
24. Glynn, P. W. (1988) El Niño-Southern Oscillation 1982-83: near-shore population, community, and ecosystem responses. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19, 309-345.
25. Glynn, P. W. (1990) Coral mortality and disturbances to coral reefs in the tropical eastern Pacific. In Global Ecological Consequences of the 1982-1983 El Niño Southern Oscillation, ed. P. W. Glynn, pp. 55-126. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
26. Glynn, P. W. (1991) Coral reef bleaching in the 1980s and possible connections with global warming. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6, 175-179.
27. Glynn, P. W. (1993) Coral reef bleaching - ecological perspectives. Coral Reefs 12, 1-17.
28. Glynn, P. W. (1996) Coral reef bleaching: facts, hypotheses and implications. Global Change Biology 2, 495-509.
29. Glynn, P. W. and Colgan, M. W. (1992) Sporadic disturbances in fluctuating coral reef environments - El Niño and coral reef development in the eastern Pacific. American Zoologist 32, 707-718.
30. Glynn, P. W. and D'Croz, L. (1990) Experimental evidence for high temperature stress as the cause of El Niño-coincident coral mortality. Coral Reefs 8, 181-191.
31. Glynn, P. W. and Deweerdt, W. H. (1991) Elimination of 2 reef-building hydrocorals following the 1982-1983 El Niño warming event. Science 253, 69-71.
32. Goreau, T. J. and Hayes, R. L. (1994) Coral bleaching and ocean hot-spots. Ambio 23, 176-180.
33. Goreau, T. J., Hayes, R. L. and Strong, A. E. (1997) Tracking south Pacific coral reef bleaching by satellite and field observations. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama, vol. 2, pp. 1491-1494.
34. Goreau, T. J. and Macfarlane, A. H. (1990) Reduced growth rate of Montastrea annularis following the 1987-1988 coral bleaching event. Coral Reefs 8, 211-215.
35. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and Salvat, B. (1995) Periodic mass-bleaching and elevated sea temperatures: bleaching of outer reef slope communities in Moorea, French Polynesia. Marine Ecology, Progress Series 121, 181-190.
36. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and Smith, G. J. (1989) The effect of sudden changes in temperature, light and salinity on the population density and export of zooxanthellae from the reef corals Stylophora pistillata Esper and Seriatopora hystrix Dana. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 129, 279-304.
37. Hoeksma, B. W. (1991) Control of bleaching in mushroom coral populations (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in the Java Sea: Stress tolerance and interference by life history strategy. Marine Ecology, Progress Series 74, 225-237.
38. Hsieh, C. -I. and Ormond, R. (1998) Increased Coral Bleaching in the Indian Ocean Region Related to Increased Sea Surface Temperatures, (unpublished), 8 pp.
39. Huppert, A. and Stone, L. (1998) Chaos in the Pacific's coral reef bleaching cycle. American Naturalist 152, 447-459.
40. Jokiel, P. L. and Coles, S. L. (1990) Response of Hawaiian and other Indo-Pacific reef corals to elevated temperature. Coral Reefs 8, 155-162.
41. Jones, R. J., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Larkum, A. W. L. and Schreiber, U. (1998) Temperature-induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of dark metabolism in zooxanthellae. Plant Cell and Environment 21, 1219-1230.
42. Kiladis, G. N. and Diaz, H. F. (1986) An analysis of the 1877-78 ENSO episode and comparison with 1982-1983. Monthly Weather Review 114, 1035-1047.
43. Kiladis, G. N. and van Loon, H. (1988) The Southern Oscillation Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with the extremes of the Oscillation. Monthly Weather Review 116, 120-136.
44. Klein, R., Tudhope, A. W., Chilcott, C. I., Patzold, J., Abdulkarim, Z., Fine, M., Fallick, A. E. and Loya, Y. (1997) Evaluating southern Red Sea corals as a proxy record for the Asian monsoon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 381-394.
45. Lewis, M. S. (1968) The morphology of the fringing coral reefs along the east coast of Mahé, Seychelles. Journal of Geology 76, 140-153.
46. Linden, O. an Sporrong, N. (1999) Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Reports and Presentations 1999. CORDIO/ SAREC Marine Science Program, Stockholm, 108 pp.
47. McPhaden, M. J. (1999a) Genesis and evolution of the 1997-1998 El Niño. Science 283, 950-954.
48. McPhaden, M. J. (1999b) The child prodigy of 1997-1998. Nature 398, 559-562.
49. Meehl, G. A. (1987) The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean regions. Monthly Weather Review 115, 27-50.
50. 2 concentrations. Nature 382, 56-60.
51. Molinari, R. L., Olson, D. and Reverdin, G. (1990) Surface current distributions in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from compilations of surface buoy trajectories. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 7217-7238.
52. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (1997) Coral bleaching hotspots. 1997. Online. Available: psbsgil.nes-dis.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html. July 1997.
53. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (1998a) Realtime TAO buoy data display. Online. Available: www.pmel.-noaa.gov/toga-tao/realtime.html. October 1998.
54. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (1998b) Coral List Server Archive. Coral Reef Health and Assessment Page. Online. Available: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/. June-September 1998.
55. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (1998c) El Niño theme page. Online. Available: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ toga-tao/el-nino/nino-home.html. October 1998.
56. Nicholls, N., Lavery, B., Frederiksen, C., Drosdowsky, W. and Torok, S. (1996) Recent apparent changes in relationships between the El-Niño - Southern Oscillation and Australian rainfall and temperature. Geophysical Research Letters 23, 3357-3360.
57. Nicholson, S. E. (1997) An analysis of the ENSO signal in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Oceans. International Journal of Climatology 17, 345-375.
58. Nigam, S. and Shen, H. S. (1993) Structure of atmospheric low-frequency variability over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, I. COADS observations. Journal of Climate 6, 657-676.
59. Ohlhorst, S. L., Liddell, W. D., Taylor, R. J. and Taylor, J. M. (1988) Evaluation of reef census techniques. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville, pp. 319-324.
60. Oliver, J. K. (1985) Recurrent seasonal bleaching and mortality of corals on the Great Barrier Reef. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, vol. 4, pp. 201-206.
61. Osborne, K. and Oxley, W. G. (1997) Sampling benthic communities using video transects. In Survey Manual for Tropical Resources (2nd ed.) eds. S. English, C. Wilkinson and V. Baker, pp. 363-376. AIMS, Cape Ferguson.
62. Parker, D. E., Folland, C. K. and Jackson, M. (1995) Marine surface temperature: observed variations and data requirements. Climatic Change 31, 559-600.
63. Philander, S. G. H. (1990) El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, San Diego, 293 pp.
64. Rajagopalan, B., Lall, U. and Cane, M. A. (1997) Anomalous ENSO occurrences: an alternative view. Journal of Climate 10, 2351-2357.
65. Rao, T. S. S. and Griffiths, R. C. (1998) Understanding the Indian Ocean: Perspectives on Oceanography. UNESCO, Paris, 187 pp.
66. Rasmussen, E. M. and Carpenter, T. H. (1982) Variation in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Monthly Weather Review 115, 1606-1626.
67. Rayner, N. A., Horton, E. B., Parker, D. E., Folland, C. K. and Hackett, R. B. (1996) Version 2.2 of the global sea-ice and sea surface temperature dataset. Climate Research Technical Note, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research 74, 1-21.
68. Ropelewski, C. and Halpert, M. S. (1987) Global and regional scale precipitation associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation ENSO. Monthly Weather Review 115, 985-996.
69. Rowan, R., Knowlton, N., Baker, A. and Jara, J. (1997) Landscape ecology of algal symbionts creates variation in episodes of coral bleaching. Nature 365, 836-838.
70. Saji, N. H., Goswami, B. N., Vinayachandran, P. N. and Yamagata, T. (1999) A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature 401, 360-363.
71. Schick, J. M., Lesser, M. P. and Jokiel, P. L. (1996) Ultraviolet radiation and coral stress. Global Change Biology 2, 527-545.
72. Selin, N. I., Laptov, Y. Y., Malyutin, A. N. and Bolshakova, L. N. (1992) Species composition and abundance of corals and other invertebrates on the reefs of the Seychelles Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 368, 1-9.
73. Sheppard, C. (1999) Coral mortality in the Chagos Archipelago. In Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Reports and Presentations 1999, eds. O. Linden and N. Sporrong, pp. 27-32. CORDIO/SAREC Marine Science Program, Stockholm.
74. Slingo, J. (1998) The 1997/1998 El Niño. Weather 53, 274-281.
75. Stoddart, D. R. (1967) Summary of the ecology of coral islands north of Madagascar (excluding Aldabra). Atoll Research Bulletin 118, 53-61.
76. Stoddart, D. R. (1984) Coral reefs of the Seychelles and adjacent regions. In Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles, ed. D. R. Stoddart, pp. 63-81. W. Junk, The Hague.
77. Stone, L., Huppert, A., Rajagopalan, B., Bhasin, H. and Loya, Y. (1999) Mass coral reef bleaching: A recent outcome of increased El Niño activity? Ecological Letters 2, 325-330.
78. Strong, A. E. (1998) SST Anomaly Coral Bleaching Hotspots. Online. Available: http://psbsgil.nesdis.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo-hot.html. June-September 1998.
79. Strong, A. E., Barrientos, C. S., Duda, C. and Sapper, J. (1997) Improved satellite techniques for monitoring coral reef bleaching. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama, vol. 2, pp. 1495-1498.
80. Timmerman, A., Oberhuber, J., Bacher, A., Esch, M., Latif, M. and Roeckner, E. (1999) Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming. Nature 398, 694-697.
81. Tomczak, M. and Godfrey, J. S. (1994) Regional Oceanography: An Introduction. Pergamon Press, Oxford 422 pp.
82. Tourre, Y. M. and White, W. B. (1995) ENSO signals in global upper-ocean temperature. Journal of Physical Oceanography 25, 1317-1332.
83. Tourre, Y. M. and White, W. B. (1997) Evolution of the ENSO signal over the Indo-Pacific domain. Journal of Physical Oceanography 27, 683-696.
84. Trenberth, K. E. and Hoar, T. J. (1996) The 1990-1995 El Niño -Southern Oscillation Event: Longest on record. Geophysical Research Letters 23, 57.
85. Tudhope, A. W., Lea, D. W., Shimmield, G. B., Chilcott, C. P. and Head, S. (1996) Monsoon climate and Arabian Sea coastal upwelling recorded in massive corals from Southern Oman. Palaios 11, 347-361.
86. Turner, J. (1999) Status report Mauritius. In Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Reports and Presentations 1999, eds. O. Linden and N. Sporrong, pp. 60-62. CORDIO/SAREC Marine Science Program, Stockholm.
87. Wang, B. (1995) Interdecadal changes in El Niño onset in the last four decades. Journal of Climate 8, 267-285.
88. Webster, P. J., Moore, A. M., Loschnigg, J. P. and Leben, R. R. (1999) Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-1998. Nature 401, 356-360.
89. Webster, P. J. and Palmer, T. N. (1997) The past and future of El Niño. Nature 390, 562-564.
90. Wilkinson, C. R. (1996) Global change and coral reefs: Impacts on reefs, economies and human cultures. Global Change Biology 2, 547-558.
91. Wilkinson, C. R. (1998) The 1997-1998 mass bleaching event around the world. In Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 1998, ed. C. R. Wilkinson, pp. 15-38. AIMS, Cape Ferguson.
92. Wilkinson, C. R., Linden, O., Cesar, H., Hodgson, G., Rubens, J. and Strong, A. E. (1999) Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of 1998 coral mortality in the Indian Ocean, an ENSO impact and a warning of future change? Ambio 28, 188-196.
93. Williams, E. H. (1987) Mass bleaching on Atlantic coral reefs. Science 238, 877-878.
94. Williams, E. H. and Bunkley-Williams, L. (1990) The world-wide coral reef bleaching cycles and related sources of coral mortality. Atoll Research Bulletin 335, 1-71.
95. Wolter, K. and Timlin, M. S. (1998) Measuring the strength of ENSO events: how does 1997/98 rank?. Weather 53, 315-324.
96. Yu, L. and Reinecker, M. M. (1999) Mechanisms for the Indian Ocean warming during the 1997-98 El Niño. Geophysical Research Letters 26, 735-738.