Understanding corneal topography

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 248-259

  Rao, Srinivas K ^a   Padmanabhan, Prema ^a  

^a MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CATARACT EXTRACTION; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; CORNEA SURGERY; HUMAN; KERATECTOMY; KERATOMILEUSIS; LASER SURGERY; PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURGICAL ANATOMY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TOPOGRAPHY;

CORNEA; CORNEAL DISEASES; CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY; HUMANS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 0033927166     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00055735-200008000-00006     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Moura RCMR, Bowyer BL, Stevens SX, Rowsey JJ: Comparison of three computerized videokeratoscopy systems with keratometry. Cornea 1998, 17:522-528.
2. Varssano D, Rapuano CJ, Luchs JI: Comparison of keratometric values of healthy and diseased eyes by Javal Keratometer, Eye Sys and PAR. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997, 23:419-422.
3. Hilmantel G, Blunt RJ, Garrett BP, et al.: Accuracy of the Tomey Topographic Modeling system in measuring surface elevations of asymmetric objects. Optom Vis Sci 1999, 76:108-114.
4. Hull CC: Loss of resolution in a corneal topography system. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1999, 237:800-805.
5. Touzeau O, Borderie V, Chastang P, et al.: Comparison of Eye Sys videokeratoscope algorithms in the evaluation of idiopathic and postoperative astigmatism. J Fr Ophtalmol 1999, 22:936-942.
6. Klein SA, Mandell RB: Shape and refractive powers in corneal topography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995, 36:2096-2109.
7. Srivannaboon S, Reinstein DZ, Sutton HZ, Holland SP: Accuracy of Orbscan total optical power maps in detecting refractive changes after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1596-1599.
8. Maloney RK: Posterior corneal surface topographic changes after LASIK (Discussion). Ophthalmology 1999, 106:409-410.
9. American Academy of Ophthalmology: Ophthalmic Procedure Preliminary Assessment. Corneal Topography. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:1628-1638.
10. Martinez CE, Applegate RA, Klyce SD, et al.: Effects of pupillary dilation on corneal optical aberration after photorefractlve keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol 1998, 116:1053-1062.
11. Schwiegerling J, Snyder RW: Corneal ablation patterns to correct for spherical aberration in photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000, 26:214-221.
12. Boxer Wachler BS, Krueger RR: Agreement and repeatability of pupillometry using videokeratography and infrared devices. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000, 26:35-40.
13. Langenbucher A, Neumann J, Kus MM, Seitz B: Calculating the localization and dimension of the real pupil in keratoconus with ray tracing of corneal topography data. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1999, 215:163-168.
14. Tsai YY, Lin JM: Ablation centration after active eye-tracker-assisted photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000, 26:28-34.
15. Zhou Q, Dreher AW: Confocal scanning laser tomography of the cornea with the total corneal analyzer. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:8259-5262.
16. Kemp JR, Martinez CE, Klyce SD, et al.: Diurnal fluctuations in corneal topography 10 years after radial keratotomy in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy Study. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:904-910.
17. McDonnell PJ, Nizam A, Lynn MJ, Waring GO III: Morning-to-evening change in refraction, corneal curvature, and visual acuity 11 years after radial keratotomy in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy Study. Ophthalmology 1996, 103:233-239.
18. Santos VR, Waring GO III, Lynn MJ, et al.: Morning-to-evening change in refraction, corneal curvature and visual acuity 2 to 4 years after radial keratotomy in the PERK study. Ophthalmology 1988, 95:1487-1493.
19. McDonnell PJ, Mc Clusky DJ, Garbus JJ: Corneal topography and fluctuating visual acuity after radial keratotomy. Ophthalmology 1989, 96:665-670.
20. Kwitko S, Gritz DC, Garbus JJ, et al.: Diurnal variation of corneal topography after radial keratotomy. Arch Ophthalmol 1992, 110:351-356.
21. Holmes-Higgin DK, Burris TE, Asbell PA, et al.: Topographic predicted corneal acuity with Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:324-330.
22. Barach D, Mortemousque B, Bertel F, et al.: Fluctuations in uncorrected visual acuity after refractive surgery using intrastromal corneal rings. J Fr Ophtalmol 1999, 22:335-338.
23. Mac Rae S, Schwiegerling J, Synder RW: Customized and low spherical aberration corneal ablation. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:S246-S248.
24. Carones F, Fiore T, Brancato R: Mechanical versus alcohol epithelial removal during photorefractive keratectomy. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:556-562.
25. Coorpender SJ, Klyce SD, McDonald MB, et al.: Corneal topography of small-beam tracking excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:675-684.
26. Milea D, Burillon C: Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy in myopic eyes with corectopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:709-711.
27. Hersh PS: A standardized classification system for corneal topography patterns after laser refractive surgery. J Refract Surg 1997, 13:571-578.
28. Abbas UL, Hersh PS: Early corneal topography patterns after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:124-131.
29. Kampmeier J, Tanzer DJ, Er H, et al.: Significance of corneal topography in predicting patient complaints after photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:492-499. The authors describe the poor predictive ability of corneal topographic maps in determining whether the patients are likely to experience visual problems. This article highlights that corneal topographic maps must be interpreted in the context of a complete clinical examination.
30. Hugger P, Kohnen T, La Rosa FA, et al.: Comparison of changes in manifest refraction and corneal power after photorefractive keratectomy. Am J Ophthalmology 2000, 129:68-75.
31. Ozdamar A, Aras C, Karakas N, et al.: Changes in tear flow and tear flow stability after photorefractive keratectomy. Cornea 1999, 18:437-439. This article highlights an important side effect of laser refractive surgery that is being increasingly reported. The authors report a decrease in Schirmer scores and tear breakup times after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and postulate that this may be due to decreased corneal sensation after PRK.
32. Chen S, Wang IJ: Effect of tear film stability on fluctuation of vision after photorefractive keratectomy. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:668-672.
33. Seiler T, McDonnell PJ : Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. Surv Ophthalmol 1995, 40:89-118.
34. Lafond G, Solomon L: Retreatment of central islands after photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:188-196.
35. Joo CK, Kim TG : Corneal ectasia detected after laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of less than -12 Diopters of myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000, 26:292-295.
36. McLeod SD, Kisla TA, Caro NC, Me Mahon TT: latrogenic keratoconus: Corneal ectasia following laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia. Arch Ophthalmol 2000, 118:282-284.
37. Wang Z, Chen J, Yang B: Posterior corneal surface topographic changes after laser in situ keratomileusis are related to residual corneal bed thickness. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:406-410. The minimum corneal stromal bed thickness that is required after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is still a matter of controversy. This article provides evidence that at least 250 μm of corneal stroma should be preserved in the bed during LASIK to ensure long-term safety in these eyes.
38. Barker NH, Couper TA, Taylor HR: Changes in corneal topography after laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:46-52.
39. Spadea L, Bianco G, Masini MC, Balestrazzi E: Videokeratographic changes after laser in situ keratomileusis to correct high myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1589-1595.
40. Holladay JT, Dudeja DR, Chang J: Functional vision and corneal changes after laser in situ keratomileusis determined by contrast sensitivity, glare testing, and corneal topography. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:663-669.
41. Probst LE, Almasswary MA, Bell J: Pseudo-Fleischer ring after hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:868-870.
42. Gass IDM : The iron lines of the superficial cornea, Hudson-Stähli line, Stocker's line and Fleischer's ring. Arch Ophthalmol 1964, 71:348-358.
43. Rose GE, Lavin MJ: The Hudson-Stähli line III: Observations on morphology, a critical review of etiology and a unified theory for the formation of iron lines of the corneal epithelium. Eye 1987, 1:475-479.
44. Assil KK, Quantock AJ, Barrett AM, Schanzlin DJ: Corneal iron rings associated with the intrastromal corneal ring. Am J Ophthalmol 1993, 116:350-356.
45. Karabatsas CM, Cook SD, Sparrow JM: Proposed classification for topographic patterns seen after penetrating keratoplasty. Br J Ophthalmol 1999, 83:403-409.
46. Borderie VM, Touzeau O, Laroche L: Videokeratography, keratometry and refraction after penetrating keratoplasty. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:32-37.
47. Touzeau O, Borderie VM, Allouch C, et al.: Effects of penetrating keratoplasty suture removal on corneal topography and refraction. Cornea 1999, 18:638-644.
48. Solomon A, Signanos CS, Frucht-Pery J: Relaxing incision guided by videokeratography for astigmatism after keratoplasty for keratoconus. J Refract Surg 1999, 15:343-348.
49. Budak K, Khater TJ, Friedman NJ, Koch DD: Corneal topographic changes induced by excision of perilimbal lesions. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999, 30:458-464.
50. Rao SK, Fogla R, Biswas J, Padmanabhan P: Corneoscleral epithelial cyst: Evidence of developmental etiology. Cornea 1998, 17:446-450.
51. Brown MS, Siegel IM, Lisman RD: Prospective analysis of changes in corneal topography after upper eyelid surgery. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1999, 15:378-383.
52. Weinberger D, Lichter H, Loya N, et al.: Corneal topographic changes after retinal and vitreous surgery. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:1521-1524.
53. Hainsworth DP, Bierly JR, Schmeisser ET, Baker RS: Corneal topographic changes after extraocular muscle surgery. J Aapos 1999, 3:80-86.
54. Ugurbas SH, Zilelioglu G: Corneal topography in patients with congenital ptosis. Eye 1999, 13:550-554.
55. Demirbas NH, Pflugfelder SC: Topographic pattern and apex location of keratoconus on elevation topography maps. Cornea 1998, 17:476-484.
56. Auffarth GU, Wang L, Volcker HE: Keratoconus evaluation using the Orbscan topography system. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000, 26:222-228.
57. Hubbe RE, Foulks GN: The effect of poor fixation on computer-assisted topographic corneal analysis. Ophthalmology 1994, 101:1745-1748.
58. Rabinowitz YS, Rasheed K: KISA% index: A quantitative Videokeratography algorithm embodying minimal topographic criteria for diagnosing keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1327-1335.
59. Lebow KA, Grohe RM: Differentiating contact lens induced warpage from true keratoconus using corneal topography. CLAO J 1999, 25:114-122.
60. Buzard KA, Tuengler A, Febbraro JL: Treatment of mild to moderate keratoconus with laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1600-1609. Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corrects myopia by decreasing the corneal thickness. Its applicability in a corneal thinning disorder like keratoconus thus has been questioned. The authors provide intermediate-term follow-up data that indicates unsatisfactory outcomes after LASIK in keratoconus.
61. Sun R, Gimbel HV, Kaye GB: Photorefractive keratectomy in keratoconus suspects. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1461-1466.
62. Mc Manon TT, Shin JA, Newlin A, et al.: Discordance for keratoconus in two pairs of monozygotic twins. Cornea 1999, 18:444-451.
63. Nicoli C, Wainsztein RD, Trotta LP: Corneal topography of spontaneous perforation of acute hydrops in keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:871-872.
64. Santo RM, Bechara SJ, Kara-Jose N: Corneal topography in asymptomatic family members of a patient with pellucid marginal degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 1999, 127:205-207.
65. Rao SK, Fogla R, Padmanabhan P, Sitalakshmi G: Corneal topography in atypical pellucid marginal degeneration. Cornea 1999, 18:265-272.
66. Chan DQ: Bilateral circumscribed posterior keratoconus. J Am Optom Assoc 1999, 70:581-586.
67. Rao SK, Padmanabhan P: Posterior keratoconus. An expanded classification scheme based on corneal topography. Ophthalmology 1998, 105:1206-1212.
68. Lyle WA, Jin GJC: Intraocular lens power prediction in patients who undergo cataract surgery following previous radial keratotomy. Arch Ophthalmol 1997, 115:457-461.
69. Holladay JT: Consultations in refractive surgery. IOL Calculations. Comment. Refractive and Corneal Surgery 1989, 5:203.
70. Hoffer KJ: Intraocular lens power calculation for eyes after refractive keratotomy. J Refract Surg 1995, 11:490-493.
71. Holladay JT: Cataract surgery in patients with previous keratorefractive surgery (RK, PRK and LASIK). Ophthalmic Practice 1997, 15:238-244.
72. Bardocci A, Lofoco G: Corneal topography and postoperative refraction after cataract phacoemulsification and radial keratotomy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998, 30:155-159.
73. Speicher L, Göttinger W: Intraocular lens power calculation after decentered photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:140-143.
74. Seitz B, Langenbucher A, Nguyen NX, et al.: Underestimation of intraocular lens power for cataract surgery after myopic photorefractive keratectomy. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:693-702. Because cataract extraction in eyes that have had corneal refractive surgery is likely to increase in the future, it is important to understand the problems involved in precisely estimating the intraocular lens power in these eyes. The authors provide a thorough review of all the options currently available in this situation.
75. Fukuyama M, Oshika T, Amano S, Yoshitomi F: Relationship between apparent accommodation and corneal multifocality in pseudophakic eyes. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:1178-1181.
76. Nakazawa M, Ohtsuki K: Apparent accommodation in pseudophakic eyes after implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses: Optical analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984, 25:1458-1460.
77. Dick HB, Krummenauer F, Schwenn O, et al.: Objective and subjective evaluation of photic phenomena after monofocal and multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:1878-1886.
78. Rainer G, Menapace R, Vass C, et al.: Corneal shape changes after temporal and superolateral 3.0-mm clear corneal incision. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1121-1126.
79. Sekunde W, Boker T, Fimmers R: Induced corneal astigmatism using an asymmetric corneoscleral tunnel and a large-optic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000, 26:79-82.
80. Lui Z, Huang AJ, Pflugfelder SC: Evaluation of corneal thickness and topography in normal eyes using the Orbscan corneal topography system. Br J Ophthalmol 1999, 83:774-778.
81. Yaylali V, Kaufman C, Thompson HW: Corneal thickness measurements with the Orbscan topography system and ultrasonic pachymetry. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997, 23:1345-1350.
82. Budak K, Hamed AM, Friedman NJ, Koch DD: Comeal topographic classification in myopic eyes based on axial, instantaneous, refractive and profile difference maps. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1069-1079.
83. Liu Z, Pflugfelder SC: The effects of long-term contact lens wear on corneal thickness, curvatures, and surface regularity. Ophthalmology 2000, 107:105-111.
84. Budak K, Hamed AM, Friedman NJ, Koch DD: Preoperative Screening of contact lens wearers before refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999, 25:1080-1086.
85. Valluri S, Minkovitz JB, Budak K, et al.: Comparative corneal topography and refractive variables in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Am J Ophthalmol 1999, 127:158-163. The authors show that, unlike refractive error and axial length, corneal topographic data in monozygotic twins are likely to be quite different. They postulate that these differences may be due to several overriding environmental factors.
86. Terry MA, Ousley PJ, Rich LF, Wilson DJ: Evaluation of prior photorefractive keratectomy in donor tissue. Cornea 1999, 18:353-358. This article provides an in-depth analysis of an important problem that clinicians are likely to face in the near future. Because current corneal laser refractive surgeries often produce minimal or no corneal scarring, identification of these procedures in donor globes is often very difficult. The authors provide suggestions to overcome this problem.