메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 329-346

Montane forest evolution during the last 650 000 yr in Colombia: A multivariate approach based on pollen record Funza-I

Author keywords

Andes; Colombia; Evolution; Glacial cycles; Montane forest; Multivariate analysis; Paramo; Pollen record; Quaternary; Tropical ecosystems

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTION; HOLOCENE; MONTANE FOREST; PALEOECOLOGY; PALYNOLOGY; PARAMO;

EID: 0033924063     PISSN: 02678179     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1099-1417(200005)15:4<329::AID-JQS538>3.0.CO;2-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (67)

References (76)
  • 2
    • 0001841264 scopus 로고
    • Beitrag zur Rekonstruktion der quartären Vegetationsgeschichte der Anden, 28, Geografisches Institut, Universität Zürich;
    • Baumann F. 1988. Geographische verbreiting und ökologie Südamerikanischer hochgebirgspflanzen. Beitrag zur Rekonstruktion der quartären Vegetationsgeschichte der Anden, 28, Geografisches Institut, Universität Zürich; 1-206.
    • (1988) Geographische Verbreiting und Ökologie Südamerikanischer Hochgebirgspflanzen , pp. 1-206
    • Baumann, F.1
  • 3
    • 0027461026 scopus 로고
    • Comparing three classification strategies for use in ecology
    • Belbin L, McDonald C. 1993. Comparing three classification strategies for use in ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 341-348.
    • (1993) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.4 , pp. 341-348
    • Belbin, L.1    McDonald, C.2
  • 4
    • 0005687347 scopus 로고
    • Diversity of planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments
    • Berger WH, Parker FL. 1970. Diversity of planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments. Science 168: 1345-1347.
    • (1970) Science , vol.168 , pp. 1345-1347
    • Berger, W.H.1    Parker, F.L.2
  • 5
    • 0022185862 scopus 로고
    • Recent and possible future mathematical developments in quantitative palaeoecology
    • Birks HJB. 1985. Recent and possible future mathematical developments in quantitative palaeoecology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 50, 107-147.
    • (1985) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.50 , pp. 107-147
    • Birks, H.J.B.1
  • 7
    • 0343866451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High altitude C4 grass ecosystems in the northern Andes: Relicts from glacial conditions
    • submitted
    • Boom A, Cleef AM, Hooghiemstra H. submitted. High altitude C4 grass ecosystems in the northern Andes: relicts from glacial conditions. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology.
    • Review Palaeobotany and Palynology
    • Boom, A.1    Cleef, A.M.2    Hooghiemstra, H.3
  • 8
    • 84988170017 scopus 로고
    • A long record of climatic and vegetation change in lowland Panama
    • Bush MB, Colinvaux PA. 1990. A long record of climatic and vegetation change in lowland Panama. Journal of Vegetation Science 1: 105-119.
    • (1990) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.1 , pp. 105-119
    • Bush, M.B.1    Colinvaux, P.A.2
  • 9
    • 0023508883 scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene climatology of the Central Equatorial Pacific: A quantitative record of eolian and carbonate deposition
    • Chuey JM, Rea DK, Pisias NG. 1987. Late Pleistocene climatology of the Central Equatorial Pacific: a quantitative record of eolian and carbonate deposition. Quaternary Research 28: 323-339.
    • (1987) Quaternary Research , vol.28 , pp. 323-339
    • Chuey, J.M.1    Rea, D.K.2    Pisias, N.G.3
  • 10
    • 0009749088 scopus 로고
    • Dynamism in the barrier-beach vegetation of Great South Beach, New York
    • Clark JS. 1986. Dynamism in the barrier-beach vegetation of Great South Beach, New York. Ecological Monographs 56: 97-126.
    • (1986) Ecological Monographs , vol.56 , pp. 97-126
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 11
    • 0001939631 scopus 로고
    • The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental
    • 321 pp.
    • Cleef AM. 1981. The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Dissertaciones Botanicae 61: 321 pp. (J. Cramer: Vaduz; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 9.)
    • (1981) Dissertaciones Botanicae , vol.61
    • Cleef, A.M.1
  • 12
    • 0342560782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaduz; also in
    • Cleef AM. 1981. The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Dissertaciones Botanicae 61: 321 pp. (J. Cramer: Vaduz; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 9.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.9
    • Cramer, J.1
  • 13
    • 0342560781 scopus 로고
    • Present vegetation of the area of the high plain of Bogotá
    • Vegetational History of the High Plain of Bogotá, Colombia. A Continuous Record of the Last 3.5 Million Years, Hooghiemstra H (ed.)
    • Cleef AM, Hooghiemstra H. 1984. Present vegetation of the area of the high plain of Bogotá. In Vegetational History of the High Plain of Bogotá, Colombia. A Continuous Record of the Last 3.5 Million Years, Hooghiemstra H (ed.) Dissertaciones Botanicae 79: 42-66. (J. Cramer: Vaduz; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 10.)
    • (1984) Dissertaciones Botanicae , vol.79 , pp. 42-66
    • Cleef, A.M.1    Hooghiemstra, H.2
  • 14
    • 0343430723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaduz; also in
    • Cleef AM, Hooghiemstra H. 1984. Present vegetation of the area of the high plain of Bogotá. In Vegetational History of the High Plain of Bogotá, Colombia. A Continuous Record of the Last 3.5 Million Years, Hooghiemstra H (ed.) Dissertaciones Botanicae 79: 42-66. (J. Cramer: Vaduz; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 10.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.10
    • Cramer, J.1
  • 15
    • 0024231333 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial and Holocene pollen diagrams from two endorheic lakes at the Inter-Andean Plateau of Ecuador
    • Colinvaux PA, Olson K, Liu K-B. 1988. Late-glacial and Holocene pollen diagrams from two endorheic lakes at the Inter-Andean Plateau of Ecuador. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 55: 83-99.
    • (1988) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.55 , pp. 83-99
    • Colinvaux, P.A.1    Olson, K.2    Liu, K.-B.3
  • 19
    • 0002653736 scopus 로고
    • Relación altitudinal de la temperatura del suelo y del aire en los Andes Centrales de Colombia
    • Florez A. 1986. Relación altitudinal de la temperatura del suelo y del aire en los Andes Centrales de Colombia. Colombia Geográfica 12(2): 5-38.
    • (1986) Colombia Geográfica , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 5-38
    • Florez, A.1
  • 20
    • 12944263463 scopus 로고
    • Die südhemisphärischen coniferen und die ursachen ihrer verbreitung ausserhalb und innerhalb der tropen
    • Troll C, Lauer W (eds). Erdwissenschaftliche Forschung, XI, Franz Steiner Verlag: Wiesbaden
    • Golte W. 1978. Die Südhemisphärischen Coniferen und die Ursachen ihrer Verbreitung ausserhalb und innerhalb der Tropen. In Geoökologische Beziehungen zwischen der temperierten Zone der Südhalbkugel und den Tropengebirgen, Troll C, Lauer W (eds). Erdwissenschaftliche Forschung, XI, Franz Steiner Verlag: Wiesbaden; 93-123.
    • (1978) Geoökologische Beziehungen Zwischen der Temperierten Zone der Südhalbkugel und den Tropengebirgen , pp. 93-123
    • Golte, W.1
  • 21
    • 0002823921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen rain in relation to vegetation in the Colombian Cordillera Oriental
    • Grabandt RAJ. 1980. Pollen rain in relation to vegetation in the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 29: 65-147. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 7.)
    • (1980) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.29 , pp. 65-147
    • Grabandt, R.A.J.1
  • 22
    • 0002823921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grabandt RAJ. 1980. Pollen rain in relation to vegetation in the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 29: 65-147. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 7.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.7
  • 23
    • 0343866445 scopus 로고
    • Gründzüge Südamerikas und pollenanalytische Spezialuntersuchung Boliviens, 19, Geographisches Institut, Universität Zürich;
    • Graf K. 1986. Klima und Vegetationsgeographie der Anden. Gründzüge Südamerikas und pollenanalytische Spezialuntersuchung Boliviens, 19, Geographisches Institut, Universität Zürich; 1-147.
    • (1986) Klima und Vegetationsgeographie der Anden , pp. 1-147
    • Graf, K.1
  • 24
    • 0001809472 scopus 로고
    • Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit, 34, Geographisches Institut, Universität Zürich;
    • Graf K. 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden. Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit, 34, Geographisches Institut, Universität Zürich; 1-138.
    • (1992) Pollendiagramme aus den Anden , pp. 1-138
    • Graf, K.1
  • 25
    • 0003806776 scopus 로고
    • Neogene-Quaternary geology of the high plain of Bogotá, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia (stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments, and landscape evolution)
    • 202 pp.
    • Helmens KF. 1990. Neogene-Quaternary geology of the high plain of Bogotá, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia (stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments, and landscape evolution). Dissertaciones Botanicae 163: 202 pp. (J. Cramer: Berlin-Stuttgart; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 17.)
    • (1990) Dissertaciones Botanicae , vol.163
    • Helmens, K.F.1
  • 26
    • 0342995026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berlin-Stuttgart; also in
    • Helmens KF. 1990. Neogene-Quaternary geology of the high plain of Bogotá, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia (stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments, and landscape evolution). Dissertaciones Botanicae 163: 202 pp. (J. Cramer: Berlin-Stuttgart; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 17.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.17
    • Cramer, J.1
  • 27
    • 0242640602 scopus 로고
    • Die vegetation von polylepis - Wäldern der ostkordillere Boliviens
    • Hensen I. 1995. Die Vegetation von Polylepis - Wäldern der Ostkordillere Boliviens. Phytocoenologia 25: 235-277.
    • (1995) Phytocoenologia , vol.25 , pp. 235-277
    • Hensen, I.1
  • 29
    • 0002530927 scopus 로고
    • Vegetational and climatic history of the high plain of Bogotá, Colombia. A continuous record of the last 3.5 million years
    • 368 pp.
    • Hooghiemstra H. 1984. Vegetational and climatic history of the high plain of Bogotá, Colombia. A continuous record of the last 3.5 million years. Dissertaciones Botanicae 79: 368 pp. (J. Cramer: Vaduz; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 10.)
    • (1984) Dissertaciones Botanicae , vol.79
    • Hooghiemstra, H.1
  • 30
    • 0342995020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaduz; also in
    • Hooghiemstra H. 1984. Vegetational and climatic history of the high plain of Bogotá, Colombia. A continuous record of the last 3.5 million years. Dissertaciones Botanicae 79: 368 pp. (J. Cramer: Vaduz; also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 10.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.10
    • Cramer, J.1
  • 31
    • 0024830385 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary and Upper-Pliocene glaciations and forest development in the tropical Andes: Evidence from a long high-resolution pollen record from the sedimentary basin of Bogotá, Colombia
    • Hooghiemstra H. 1989. Quaternary and Upper-Pliocene glaciations and forest development in the tropical Andes: evidence from a long high-resolution pollen record from the sedimentary basin of Bogotá, Colombia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 72: 11-26.
    • (1989) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.72 , pp. 11-26
    • Hooghiemstra, H.1
  • 32
    • 0029530048 scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene climatic change and environmental and generic dynamics in the north Andean montane forest and paramo
    • Churchill SP, Balslev H, Forrero E, Lutleyh JH (eds). The New York Botanical Garden: New York
    • Hooghiemstra H, Cleef AM. 1995. Pleistocene climatic change and environmental and generic dynamics in the north Andean montane forest and paramo. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, Churchill SP, Balslev H, Forrero E, Lutleyh JH (eds). The New York Botanical Garden: New York; 35-49.
    • (1995) Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests , pp. 35-49
    • Hooghiemstra, H.1    Cleef, A.M.2
  • 33
    • 0028592815 scopus 로고
    • Late Pliocene-Pleistocene high resolution pollen sequence of Colombia: An overview of climatic change
    • Hooghiemstra H, Ran ETH. 1994. Late Pliocene-Pleistocene high resolution pollen sequence of Colombia: an overview of climatic change. Quaternary International 21: 63-80.
    • (1994) Quaternary International , vol.21 , pp. 63-80
    • Hooghiemstra, H.1    Ran, E.T.H.2
  • 34
    • 0027451165 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary vegetation history and paleoecology of Laguna Pedro Palo (subandean forest belt, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia)
    • Hooghiemstra H, Van der Hammen T. 1993. Late Quaternary vegetation history and paleoecology of Laguna Pedro Palo (subandean forest belt, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 77: 235-262.
    • (1993) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.77 , pp. 235-262
    • Hooghiemstra, H.1    Van Der Hammen, T.2
  • 36
    • 0027882677 scopus 로고
    • Frequency spectra and paleoclimatic variability of the high resolution 30-1450 ka Funza-I pollen record (Eastern Cordillera, Colombia)
    • Hooghiemstra H, Melice JL, Berger A, Shackleton NJ. 1993. Frequency spectra and paleoclimatic variability of the high resolution 30-1450 ka Funza-I pollen record (Eastern Cordillera, Colombia). Quaternary Science Reviews 12: 141-156.
    • (1993) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.12 , pp. 141-156
    • Hooghiemstra, H.1    Melice, J.L.2    Berger, A.3    Shackleton, N.J.4
  • 38
    • 84879885391 scopus 로고
    • Andean tectonics as a cause for changing drainage patterns in Miocene northern South America
    • Hoorn C, Guerrero J, Sarmiento GA, Lorente MA. 1995. Andean tectonics as a cause for changing drainage patterns in Miocene northern South America. Geology 23: 237-240.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 237-240
    • Hoorn, C.1    Guerrero, J.2    Sarmiento, G.A.3    Lorente, M.A.4
  • 39
    • 0027880720 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial vegetation and fire history in the Chirripo Paramo of Costa Rica
    • Horn SP. 1993. Postglacial vegetation and fire history in the Chirripo Paramo of Costa Rica. Quaternary Research 40: 107-116.
    • (1993) Quaternary Research , vol.40 , pp. 107-116
    • Horn, S.P.1
  • 40
    • 0032827793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C analyses of individual lignin phenols in Quaternary lake sediments: A novel proxy for deciphering past terrestrial vegetation changes
    • 13C analyses of individual lignin phenols in Quaternary lake sediments: a novel proxy for deciphering past terrestrial vegetation changes. Geology 27: 471-474.
    • (1999) Geology , vol.27 , pp. 471-474
    • Huang, Y.1    Freeman, K.H.2    Eglinton, T.I.3    Street-Perrott, F.A.4
  • 41
    • 0022180864 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical framework for the Pleistocene ice ages
    • London
    • Imbrie J. 1985. A theoretical framework for the Pleistocene ice ages. Journal of the Geological Society, London 142: 417-432.
    • (1985) Journal of the Geological Society , vol.142 , pp. 417-432
    • Imbrie, J.1
  • 45
    • 0022879059 scopus 로고
    • A Mid-Brunhes climatic event: Long term changes in global atmosphere and ocean circulation
    • Jansen JHF, Kuijpers A, Troelstra SR. 1986. A Mid-Brunhes climatic event: long term changes in global atmosphere and ocean circulation. Science 232: 619-622.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 619-622
    • Jansen, J.H.F.1    Kuijpers, A.2    Troelstra, S.R.3
  • 47
    • 0342995013 scopus 로고
    • Aspectos generales sobre la distribución, sistematica, fitosociologica y clasificación ecológio de los bosques de robles (Quercus) en Colombia
    • Lozano G, Torres JH. 1974. Aspectos generales sobre la distribución, sistematica, fitosociologica y clasificación ecológio de los bosques de robles (Quercus) en Colombia. Ecologia Tropical 1, 45-79.
    • (1974) Ecologia Tropical , vol.1 , pp. 45-79
    • Lozano, G.1    Torres, J.H.2
  • 50
    • 0342560762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melief ABM. 1985. Late Quaternary palaeoecology of the Parque Nacional Natural los Nevados (Cordillera Central), and Sumapaz (Cordillera Oriental) areas, Colombia. PhD thesis University of Amsterdam; 162 pp. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 12.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.12
  • 54
    • 0020870356 scopus 로고
    • Communidades acuática altoandinos. I. Vegetación sumergida y de ribera en el Lago de Tota, Boyacá, Colombia
    • Rangel O, Aguirre J. 1983. Communidades acuática altoandinos. I. Vegetación sumergida y de ribera en el Lago de Tota, Boyacá, Colombia. Caldasia 13(65): 719-742.
    • (1983) Caldasia , vol.13 , Issue.65 , pp. 719-742
    • Rangel, O.1    Aguirre, J.2
  • 55
    • 84946342538 scopus 로고
    • Modern pollen deposition in the Venezuelan Andes
    • Salgado-Labouriau ML. 1979. Modern pollen deposition in the Venezuelan Andes. Grana 18: 53-68.
    • (1979) Grana , vol.18 , pp. 53-68
    • Salgado-Labouriau, M.L.1
  • 56
    • 0003662318 scopus 로고
    • Paleoecology of volcanic soils in the Colombian Central Cordillera (Parque Nacional Natural de los Nevados)
    • 212 pp.
    • Salomons JB. 1986. Paleoecology of volcanic soils in the Colombian Central Cordillera (Parque Nacional Natural de los Nevados). Dissertationes Botanicea 95: 212 pp. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 13.)
    • (1986) Dissertationes Botanicea , vol.95
    • Salomons, J.B.1
  • 57
    • 0342995011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salomons JB. 1986. Paleoecology of volcanic soils in the Colombian Central Cordillera (Parque Nacional Natural de los Nevados). Dissertationes Botanicea 95: 212 pp. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 13.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.13
  • 58
    • 0028162285 scopus 로고
    • Palaeo-perspectives: Changes in terrestrial ecosystems
    • Street-Perrott FA. 1994. Palaeo-perspectives: changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Ambio 23: 37-43.
    • (1994) Ambio , vol.23 , pp. 37-43
    • Street-Perrott, F.A.1
  • 62
    • 0002310986 scopus 로고
    • The Pleistocene changes of vegetation and climate in tropical South America
    • Van der Hammen T. 1974. The Pleistocene changes of vegetation and climate in tropical South America. Journal of Biogeography 1: 3-26.
    • (1974) Journal of Biogeography , vol.1 , pp. 3-26
    • Van Der Hammen, T.1
  • 63
    • 0002079717 scopus 로고
    • Development of the high Andean paramo flora and vegetation
    • Vuilleumier F, Monasterio M (eds). Oxford University Press: Oxford
    • Van der Hammen T, Cleef AM. 1986. Development of the high Andean paramo flora and vegetation. In High altitude tropical biogeography. Vuilleumier F, Monasterio M (eds). Oxford University Press: Oxford; 153-201.
    • (1986) High Altitude Tropical Biogeography , pp. 153-201
    • Van Der Hammen, T.1    Cleef, A.M.2
  • 64
    • 0000544640 scopus 로고
    • Upper Pleistocene and Holocene climate and vegetation of the 'Sabana de Bogotá' (Colombia, South America)
    • Van der Hammen T, Gonzalez E. 1960. Upper Pleistocene and Holocene climate and vegetation of the 'Sabana de Bogotá' (Colombia, South America). Leidsche Geologische Mededelingen 25: 126-315.
    • (1960) Leidsche Geologische Mededelingen , vol.25 , pp. 126-315
    • Van Der Hammen, T.1    Gonzalez, E.2
  • 65
    • 0034069807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neogene and Quaternary history of vegetation, climate and plant diversity in Amazonia and surroundings
    • Van der Hammen T, Hooghiemstra H. 2000. Neogene and Quaternary history of vegetation, climate and plant diversity in Amazonia and surroundings. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 725-742.
    • (2000) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.19 , pp. 725-742
    • Van Der Hammen, T.1    Hooghiemstra, H.2
  • 66
    • 33645471013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palynological record of the upheaval of the northern Andes: A study of the Pliocene and Lower Quaternary of the Colombian Eastern Cordillera and the early evolution of its high-Andean biota
    • Van der Hammen T, Werner JH, Van Dommelen H. 1973. Palynological record of the upheaval of the northern Andes: a study of the Pliocene and Lower Quaternary of the Colombian Eastern Cordillera and the early evolution of its high-Andean biota. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 16: 1-122. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 2.)
    • (1973) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.16 , pp. 1-122
    • Van Der Hammen, T.1    Werner, J.H.2    Van Dommelen, H.3
  • 67
    • 33645471013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van der Hammen T, Werner JH, Van Dommelen H. 1973. Palynological record of the upheaval of the northern Andes: a study of the Pliocene and Lower Quaternary of the Colombian Eastern Cordillera and the early evolution of its high-Andean biota. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 16: 1-122. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 2.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.2
  • 68
    • 84986860275 scopus 로고
    • The robustness of correspondence, detrended correspondence and TWINSPAN analysis
    • Van Groenewoud H. 1992. The robustness of correspondence, detrended correspondence and TWINSPAN analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 239-246.
    • (1992) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.3 , pp. 239-246
    • Van Groenewoud, H.1
  • 72
    • 0342560755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wijninga VM. 1996. Paleobotany and palynology of Neogene sediments from the high plain of Bogotá (Colombia). Evolution of the Andean flora from a paleoecological perspective. PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam; 369 pp. (Also in The Quaternary of Colombia, 21.)
    • The Quaternary of Colombia , vol.21
  • 73
    • 0027371397 scopus 로고
    • Late Pliocene palaeoecology of the Guasca Valley (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia)
    • Wijninga VM, Kuhry P. 1993. Late Pliocene palaeoecology of the Guasca Valley (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 78: 69-127.
    • (1993) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.78 , pp. 69-127
    • Wijninga, V.M.1    Kuhry, P.2
  • 74
    • 0024938551 scopus 로고
    • Botanical ecology and conservation of the Laguna Herrera (Sabana de Bogotá)
    • Wijninga VM, Rangel O, Cleef AM. 1989. Botanical ecology and conservation of the Laguna Herrera (Sabana de Bogotá). Caldasia 16(76): 23-40.
    • (1989) Caldasia , vol.16 , Issue.76 , pp. 23-40
    • Wijninga, V.M.1    Rangel, O.2    Cleef, A.M.3
  • 75
    • 0006832199 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and altitudinal distribution of precipitation, temperature and humidity in the Parque Los Nevados Transect (Cordillera Central, Colombia)
    • Witte HJL. PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam
    • Witte HJL. 1994. Seasonal and altitudinal distribution of precipitation, temperature and humidity in the Parque Los Nevados Transect (Cordillera Central, Colombia). In Present and past vegetation and climate in the Northern Andes (Cordillera Central: Colombia): A quantitative approach, Witte HJL. PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam; 3-76.
    • (1994) Present and Past Vegetation and Climate in the Northern Andes (Cordillera Central: Colombia): A Quantitative Approach , pp. 3-76
    • Witte, H.J.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.