The role of Turkish schools in the educational system and social transformation of Central Asian countries: The case of Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 141-155

  Demir, Cennet Engin ^b   Balci, Ayse ^a   Akkok, Fusun ^b  

^a MERSIN UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL INFLUENCE; EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; POLITICAL REFORM; SOCIAL CHANGE;

KYRGYZSTAN; TURKMENISTAN;

EID: 0033919435     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/713656175     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. M. Aydin, 'Turkey and Central Asia: challenges of change', Central Asian Survey, Vol 15, No 2, 1996, pp 157-177. Oral Sander, 'Turkey and Turkic world', Central Asian Survey, Vol 13, No 1, 1993, pp 37-44.
2. M. Aydin, 'Turkey and Central Asia: challenges of change', Central Asian Survey, Vol 15, No 2, 1996, pp 157-177. Oral Sander, 'Turkey and Turkic world', Central Asian Survey, Vol 13, No 1, 1993, pp 37-44.
3. Philip Robins, 'Between sentiment and self-interest: Turkey's policy toward Azerbaijan and the Central Asia states', Middle East Journal, Vol 47, No 4, 1993, pp 593-610; S. T. Hunter, 'Central Asia Since Independence (Washington, DC: The Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1996), p 137.
4. Philip Robins, 'Between sentiment and self-interest: Turkey's policy toward Azerbaijan and the Central Asia states', Middle East Journal, Vol 47, No 4, 1993, pp 593-610; S. T. Hunter, 'Central Asia Since Independence (Washington, DC: The Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1996), p 137.
5. TIKA (Türk Isbirliḡi ve Kalkinma Ajansi). Tūrkmenistan Ūlke Raporu, (Ankara: TIKA Yayinlari, No 29, 1996), pp 137-161.
6. Hunter, op cit, p 138.
7. OECD, Parents as Partners in Schooling (Paris: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, 1997), p 41.
8. Carnoy and S. Samoff, Education and Social Transition in the Third World, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), p 15.
9. M. W. Apple, Cultural Politics and Education, (New York: Teachers College Press, 1996), p 18; H. A. Giroux, 'Schooling as a form of cultural politics: Toward a pedagogy and for difference', in Critical Pedagogy: The State and Cultural Struggle, ed. by H. Giroux and P. McLaren (New York: State University of New York Press, 1989), pp 125-151.
10. M. W. Apple, Cultural Politics and Education, (New York: Teachers College Press, 1996), p 18; H. A. Giroux, 'Schooling as a form of cultural politics: Toward a pedagogy and for difference', in Critical Pedagogy: The State and Cultural Struggle, ed. by H. Giroux and P. McLaren (New York: State University of New York Press, 1989), pp 125-151.
11. F. Bulut, Kim Bu Fethullah Gülen: Dünü, Bugünü, Hedefi, Istanbul: Ozan Yayincilik, 1998), p 210.
12. Nurculuk is an order founded by Said Nursi (1873-1960). Basic principles of the order were determined in the Risale-i Nur (book) which was written by Said Nursi. The followers accept the Risale-i Nur as an interpretation of Quran. According to Nurculuk, the most important duty of modern Muslims is to maintain and rescue the faith against the modern science and philosophy. See Ana Britannica, Vol 16, 1989, p 620. However, S;duerif Maardin claimed that Nurculuk was an Islamic movement rather than an order (tarikat). See, Serif Mardin, Religion and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman, Said Nursi, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989, p 40. One of the followers of Nurculuk is Fethullan Gülen in Turkey, because, Nurculuk did not have a single leader after Said Nursi. Students (talebe) of Said Nursi started to lead the movement collectively. See Ruşen Gakir, Ayet ve Slogan: Türkiye'de Islami Oluşumlar, Istanbul: Metis Yayinlari, 1990, p 88-91.
13. Nurculuk is an order founded by Said Nursi (1873-1960). Basic principles of the order were determined in the Risale-i Nur (book) which was written by Said Nursi. The followers accept the Risale-i Nur as an interpretation of Quran. According to Nurculuk, the most important duty of modern Muslims is to maintain and rescue the faith against the modern science and philosophy. See Ana Britannica, Vol 16, 1989, p 620. However, S;duerif Maardin claimed that Nurculuk was an Islamic movement rather than an order (tarikat). See, Serif Mardin, Religion and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman, Said Nursi, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989, p 40. One of the followers of Nurculuk is Fethullan Gülen in Turkey, because, Nurculuk did not have a single leader after Said Nursi. Students (talebe) of Said Nursi started to lead the movement collectively. See Ruşen Gakir, Ayet ve Slogan: Türkiye'de Islami Oluşumlar, Istanbul: Metis Yayinlari, 1990, p 88-91.
14. Nurculuk is an order founded by Said Nursi (1873-1960). Basic principles of the order were determined in the Risale-i Nur (book) which was written by Said Nursi. The followers accept the Risale-i Nur as an interpretation of Quran. According to Nurculuk, the most important duty of modern Muslims is to maintain and rescue the faith against the modern science and philosophy. See Ana Britannica, Vol 16, 1989, p 620. However, S;duerif Maardin claimed that Nurculuk was an Islamic movement rather than an order (tarikat). See, Serif Mardin, Religion and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman, Said Nursi, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989, p 40. One of the followers of Nurculuk is Fethullan Gülen in Turkey, because, Nurculuk did not have a single leader after Said Nursi. Students (talebe) of Said Nursi started to lead the movement collectively. See Ruşen Gakir, Ayet ve Slogan: Türkiye'de Islami Oluşumlar, Istanbul: Metis Yayinlari, 1990, p 88-91.
15. H. Turgut, 'Fethullah and his schools' Yeni Yuzyil Newspaper, 15 January 1998.
16. McNeill, Curriculum: A comprehensive Introduction, 5th edn (Los Angeles: HarperCollins System, 1996), p 339.
17. A. E. Woolfolk, Educational Psychology, 5th ed. (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1990), p 97.
18. H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, (London: Routledge, 1991), p 312.
19. M. Ahrari, 'The dynamics of the new great game in Muslim Central Asia, Central Asian Survey, Vol 13, No 4, 1994, pp 528-539; Hunter op cit, p 139.
20. M. Ahrari, 'The dynamics of the new great game in Muslim Central Asia, Central Asian Survey, Vol 13, No 4, 1994, pp 528-539; Hunter op cit, p 139.
21. Bulut, op cit, p 211.
22. M. Haghayeghi, Islam and Politics in Central Asia (New York: St Martin's Press, 1996), p 183; Ahrari, op cit, ref 13, p 529.
23. M. Haghayeghi, Islam and Politics in Central Asia (New York: St Martin's Press, 1996), p 183; Ahrari, op cit, ref 13, p 529.
24. UNDP, Turkmenistan: Education Sector Review (As;dugabat, 1997), p 47.